Fluvial response to climate and climate pulses over geological time scales
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This document discusses using modeling to analyze how river systems and deltas respond to changes in sea level and climate over geological timescales. It presents experiments using digital elevation models and modeling software to simulate river, shelf, and basin deposits under different stable climate conditions with varying water discharge levels and sea level fluctuations. The results show that variations in fluvial stratigraphy, erosion surfaces, and volumes of lowstand sediments can occur due solely to changes in constant water discharge, not climate or sea level changes.
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Presentation by Anke Becker, Deltares, Netherlands, at the Delft3D - User Days (Day 2: Sediment transport and morphology), during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Tuesday, 31 October 2017, Delft.
Impact of climate change on groundwater
CLIMATE change affects the components of water cycle such as evaporation, precipitation and evapotranspiration and thus results in large-scale alteration in water present in glaciers, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. The effects of cli-mate change on subsurface water relates to the changes in its recharge and discharge rates plus changes in quantity and quality of water in aquifers. Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the components of climate such as temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, etc. The major cause of climate change is the rising level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere such as CO2, CH4, N2O, water vapour, ozone and chlorofluorocarbon. These GHGs absorb 95% of the longwave back radiations emitted from the surface, thus making the Earth warmer. Except CO2, the effects of other GHGs are minor because of their low concentration and also because of low residence times (e.g. water vapour and methane). The rise in CO2 level causing global warming was first proposed by Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist in 1896 and now it is a widely accepted fact that the concentration of CO2 is the primary regulator of temperature on the Earth and leads to global warming.
GHGT_final_RE
This document outlines a study to assess the detectability of migrating carbon dioxide (CO2) using seismic modeling. It finds that the detectability depends on factors like the saturation distribution of CO2 and rock properties. Uniform CO2 saturation leads to a velocity decrease of 200 m/s while patchy saturation results in a smaller 50 m/s decrease. Forward modeling shows structurally trapped CO2 is clearly detectable but migrating CO2 fronts are only weakly visible. Detectability is also influenced by the reservoir properties, relative permeability curves, and heterogeneity from capillary trapping. Careful site characterization of factors impacting CO2 migration and storage is important for monitoring survey design to enable detection of containment loss.
River Discharge, Water Balance And Hydrographs
I apologize, upon reviewing the document I do not feel comfortable generating a summary without the full context. Summarizing documents requires understanding the overall topic and intent, which is not clear from this partial text.
Amir
This document summarizes a thesis that studied variations in groundwater seepage lines on meso-tidal dissipative beaches. Key findings include that beachface volume is more correlated with groundwater seepage lines during low tide. Field data and video images showed decoupling of seepage lines and shorelines during tides. Numerical models could predict tidal groundwater changes and seepage line positions. The thesis concluded that beach slope, hydraulic conductivity, wave setup, and rip currents most influence seepage lines and suggested further study of their effects.
Sequence Stratigraphy: A key tool to study palaeolake sediments (Presentació ...
Sequence Stratigraphy: A key tool to study palaeolake sediments (Presentació ...Fundació Marcel Chevalier
Mercy to a sequence stratigraphy study of the Delta d’Erts proglacial complex, a roboust correlation across the basin has been obtained.Global Warming Effect Groundwater Proposal
1. The study aims to evaluate the amount of groundwater available in Oman's Al Batinah coast region under different climate change scenarios over the next 10-20 years.
2. Global warming is affecting water resources through changes in precipitation and temperature, which can impact groundwater recharge, levels, and quality.
3. The study will use data on climate, geology, and hydrogeology to model how climate change may impact groundwater recharge and discharge in the region, and influence the freshwater-seawater interface.
ws morphology7.PPT
This document discusses factors that influence watershed morphology and the relationship between precipitation and runoff. It describes how watershed characteristics like basin size, land slope, drainage density and channel slope can affect the shape of a hydrograph. Larger basins with flatter slopes produce flatter hydrographs, while smaller, steeper basins produce more peaked hydrographs. It also examines methods for predicting runoff volumes and peak flows based on precipitation data, snowpack levels, and antecedent moisture conditions. Indices like the runoff coefficient, area-elevation curve, and antecedent precipitation index are used to quantify these relationships.
Modeling the water food-energy nexus in the arab world
Modeling the water food-energy nexus in the arab worldInternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Climate change will impact water resources in Egypt through changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of droughts and floods. Hydrological modeling is used to evaluate these climate change impacts. Such models are forced using downscaled output from global climate models to project changes in streamflow under different climate scenarios. This allows assessment of climate change impacts on water resources systems and evaluation of adaptation policies to mitigate impacts. However, uncertainties remain regarding climate projections and how to scale global data to local levels, highlighting the need for improved modeling approaches.August 31 - 0330 - Mark Williams
This document summarizes research on nutrient delivery to tile drains from various water sources. The objectives were to determine dominant water flow paths to tile drains, quantify dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) fluxes, and assess linkages between water flow paths and nutrient delivery. Field data from 2017-2019 showed tile water was mostly groundwater, with some soil water and precipitation. DRP concentration was higher when more water was from near the soil surface. Fertilizer application timing and placement affected DRP loss. Understanding both preferential flows and groundwater dynamics is important for effective phosphorus management.
Water measurement
This document discusses various methods for measuring water flow. It begins by explaining why water measurement is important for determining irrigation amounts, field experiments, well testing, and planning conservation measures. Common units of measurement are then outlined for both stationary and flowing water. The fundamental equations of continuity and Bernoulli's principle are described. Methods for measuring open channel flow include indirect methods like float methods, current meters, dilution techniques, electromagnetic, and ultrasonic methods. Direct methods involve structures like orifices, weirs, flumes, and the slope-area method. Orifices and flow through large orifices are then explained in detail.
2015 SEG NSAP conference_Vp in near waterbottom_Copyright
The document discusses variations in compression (p-wave) velocities measured in near-seabed sediments. In unconsolidated sediments close to the seabed, p-wave velocities can be transmitted either through the pore fluid or sediment grains. Measurements typically only capture the faster fluid transmission velocity. Near the boundary of normal compaction, the fluid and grain velocities converge as effective stress increases. Care must be taken to use appropriate geophysical techniques to accurately measure changing p-wave velocities in these environments.
SALINITY.pptx
This document provides instructions for measuring water salinity using either a hydrometer or titration method as part of the GLOBE hydrology protocol, describing how to select a study site, the importance of salinity measurements, and steps for conducting the salinity protocol and recording data. It explains that salinity measures the total dissolved solids in water and can provide insights into environmental conditions and changes over time. The document also provides examples of how salinity levels vary in different water bodies and responds to climate factors like evaporation.
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DSD-INT 2017 Morphological river modelling in Ecuador, using Delft3D FM - Becker
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Fluvial response to climate and climate pulses over geological time scales
- 1. Fluvial response to climate over geological timescales Aart-Peter van den Berg van Saparoea George Postma
- 2. Reconstruction of external forcing mechanisms of fluvial and deltaic deposits Sea-level change or climate pulse?
- 3. Simplified fluvial system Climate Eustasy Shelf and basin
- 4. Model setup
- 7. Neither! Sea-level fluctuation in different stable climates Sea-level change or climate pulse?
- 8. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate river shelf basin Low water discharge
- 9. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate river shelf basin Low water discharge
- 10. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate river shelf basin Low water discharge
- 11. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate river shelf basin Low water discharge
- 12. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate river shelf basin Low water discharge
- 13. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time river shelf basin High water discharge Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate
- 14. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time river shelf basin High water discharge Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate
- 15. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time river shelf basin High water discharge Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate
- 16. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time river shelf basin High water discharge Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate
- 17. river shelf basin High water discharge Shelf and fluvial style in a stable climate 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time
- 18. Summary constant discharge • Extent of erosion surface • Fluvial stratigraphy • Volume of lowstand sediments Resulting only from a different constant water discharge
- 19. Conclusions • Interpretation of stratigraphy is not intuitive • Recognition of distinctive patterns in stratigraphic architecture improves interpretation • Analogue modeling helps to find these distinctive patterns in stratigraphic architecture • Expansion of our database by less time- consuming methods is required