Fluid mechanics

1. Delivered by,
Prof. A.S. Gujrathi,
Assistant Professor,
SNJB’s K. B. Jain College of Engineering,
Chandwad
Fluid Mechanics
Unit-V
Internal and External
Flows

2. Syllabus
• Unit V: Internal and External Flows
• Internal Flow: Losses - major & minor losses, hydro dynamically smooth and
rough boundaries, Moody’s chart, compounding of pipes & equivalent pipe,
siphons, transmission of power
• External Flow: Boundary layer formation over a flat plate, boundary layer
thickness, displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness,
boundary layer separation and methods to control separation, drag and lift
concepts, types of drag, drag & lift coefficient, aerofoil, bluff body, streamline
body

3. Flow through the Pipes
Pipe
Pipe is defined as the conduit with closed circumference completely submerging
with the flowing fluid.

4. Loss of Head due to fluid friction( Darcy Weishback equation)

5. Darcy Weishback equation

6. Darcy Weishback equation

7. Chezy’s Formula for the loss of head due to friction

8. Chezy’s Formula for the loss of head due to friction

9. Numericals

10. Minor Energy (Head) losses

11. Loss of head due to Sudden Enlargement

12. Loss of head due to Sudden Contraction

13. Loss of head at the entry to the pipe

14. Loss of head at the exit of the pipe

15. Loss of head due to obstruction in the pipe

16. Loss of head due to bend in the pipe

17. Loss of head due to Pipe Fittings
The loss of head due to various pipe fittings such as valves, couplings, T-joints,
elbows, etc. is given by,

18. Numericals

19. Numericals

20. Numericals

21. Hydrodynamically Smooth and Rough Pipes

22. Hydrodynamically Smooth and Rough Pipes

23. Hydraulic Grade Line(HGL) and Total Energy Line(TEL)

24. Flow through Syphon

25. Numericals

26. Numericals

27. Numericals

28. Numericals

29. Compound pipe( Pipe in Series)
When two or more pipes of different lengths and diameters are connected one after the
other to form a single pipe, such a pipe is called as Compound pipe or pipes connected in series.

30. Compound pipe( Pipe in Series)

31. Numericals

32. Numericals

33. Equivalent Pipe (Dupit’s Equation)

34. Equivalent Pipe (Dupit’s Equation)

35. Numericals

36. Pipes in Parallel

37. Numericals

38. Numericals

39. Power Transmission Through Pipe

40. Power Transmission Through Pipe
The above equation gives the condition of maximum power
transmission. It states that Power transmitted through a pipe is
maximum when the head loss through the pipe is 1/3rd of the
head available at inlet.

41. Power Transmission Through Pipe

42. Numericals

43. Thank You