This document discusses the Explore-Flip-Apply (EFA) instructional model for social studies classrooms. It provides examples of lessons using EFA with topics like early African civilizations, Chinese history, and global warming. EFA lessons typically start with an "Explore" activity using sources like videos, maps, or primary sources to engage students. This is followed by students "Flipping" their learning outside of class, such as watching a video for homework. In class, students then "Apply" their knowledge through activities like analyzing sources, debates, or creating presentations. The goal is for students to take ownership of their learning through active participation.