This presentation describes how context management is implemented in FIWARE platform, base don Orion Context Broker GEri. Both basic usage of Context Broker and advanced topics are included.
Introduction to Big Data and how FIWARE manage it through the different approaches. What are the differences between Apache Flink and Spark approaches. Introduction to FIWARE Connectors to manage NGSI context information. Brief introduction to Machine Learning with FIWARE technology
NGSIv2 Overview for Developers That Already Know NGSIv1Fermin Galan
This document describes the novelties in NGSIv2 for people already familiar with NGSIv1. Thus, you would learn how to do the things you are familiar with NGSIv1 now in NGSIv2 as long as new and powerfull capabilities of the new version of the API. Some knowledge in NGSIv1 API is required.
Introduction to Information Model. Which types of representation of Information Model are used in FIWARE. What are the differences between NGSIv2 and NGSI-LD. Where can I get details about Data Models in use?
Introduction to Big Data and how FIWARE manage it through the different approaches. What are the differences between Apache Flink and Spark approaches. Introduction to FIWARE Connectors to manage NGSI context information. Brief introduction to Machine Learning with FIWARE technology
NGSIv2 Overview for Developers That Already Know NGSIv1Fermin Galan
This document describes the novelties in NGSIv2 for people already familiar with NGSIv1. Thus, you would learn how to do the things you are familiar with NGSIv1 now in NGSIv2 as long as new and powerfull capabilities of the new version of the API. Some knowledge in NGSIv1 API is required.
Introduction to Information Model. Which types of representation of Information Model are used in FIWARE. What are the differences between NGSIv2 and NGSI-LD. Where can I get details about Data Models in use?
Kong, Keyrock, Keycloak, i4Trust - Options to Secure FIWARE in ProductionFIWARE
This training camp teaches you how FIWARE technologies and iSHARE, brought together under the umbrella of the i4Trust initiative, can be combined to provide the means for creation of data spaces in which multiple organizations can exchange digital twin data in a trusted and efficient manner, collaborating in the development of innovative services based on data sharing and creating value out of the data they share. SMEs and Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) will be equipped with the necessary know-how to use the i4Trust framework for creating data spaces!
FIWARE Wednesday Webinars - Introduction to NGSI-LDFIWARE
Introduction to NGSI-LD Webinar - 27th May 2020
Corresponding webinar recording: https://youtu.be/rZ13IyLpAtA
A data-model driven and linked data first introduction for developers to NGSI-LD and JSON-LD.
Chapter: Core
Difficulty: 3
Audience: Any Technical
Presenter: Jason Fox (Senior Technical Evangelist, FIWARE Foundation)
An online training course run by the FIWARE Foundation in conjunction with the i4Trust project. The core part of this virtual training camp (21-24 June 2021) covered all the necessary skills to develop smart solutions powered by FIWARE. It introduces the basis of Digital Twin programming using linked data concepts - JSON-LD and NGSI-LD and combines these with common smart data models for the sharing and augmentation of context data.
In addition, it covers the supplementary FIWARE technologies used to implement the common functions typically required when architecting a complete smart solution: Identity and Access Management (IAM) functions to secure access to digital twin data and functions enabling the interface with IoT and 3rd systems, or the connection with different tools for processing and monitoring current and historical big data.
This 12-hour online training course can be used to obtain a good understanding of FIWARE and NGSI Interfaces and form the basis of studying for the FIWARE expert certification.
Extending this core part, the virtual training camp adds introductory and deep-dive sessions on how FIWARE and iSHARE technologies, brought together under the umbrella of the i4Trust initiative, can be combined to provide the means for the creation of data spaces in which multiple organizations can exchange digital twin data in a trusted and efficient manner, collaborating in the creation of innovative services based on data sharing. In addition, SMEs and Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) that go through this complete training and are located in countries eligible under Horizon 2020 will be equipped with the necessary know-how to apply to the recently launched i4Trust Open Call.
Core Context Management Webinar - 20th March 2019
Corresponding webinar recording: https://youtu.be/pK4GgYjlmdY
Introduction to Core Context Management. Learn about the NGSI DataModel and the NSGI interface, registrations, subscription etc.
Chapter: Core
Difficulty: 1
Audience: Anyone
Presenter: Jason Fox (Senior Technical Evangelist, FIWARE Foundation)
FIWARE Wednesday Webinars - How to Design DataModelsFIWARE
How to Design DataModels - 8th May 2019
Corresponding webinar recording: https://youtu.be/T_1DpKf6C_c
Understanding and applying Standard Data Models.
Chapter: Core
Difficulty: 3
Audience: Technical Domain Specific
Presenter: José Manuel Cantera (Senior Standardization Expert, FIWARE Foundation)
Creating a Context-Aware solution, Complex Event Processing with FIWARE PerseoFernando Lopez Aguilar
Introduction to Complex Event Processing (CEP). How FIWARE deals with CEP through FIWARE Perseo. How to connect FIWARE Perseo with FIWARE Orion Context Broker. How can we define an event with Event Processing Language (EPL) and what are the predefined actions to include in FIWARE Perseo.
An online training course run by the FIWARE Foundation in conjunction with the i4Trust project. The core part of this virtual training camp (21-24 June 2021) covered all the necessary skills to develop smart solutions powered by FIWARE. It introduces the basis of Digital Twin programming using linked data concepts - JSON-LD and NGSI-LD and combines these with common smart data models for the sharing and augmentation of context data.
In addition, it covers the supplementary FIWARE technologies used to implement the common functions typically required when architecting a complete smart solution: Identity and Access Management (IAM) functions to secure access to digital twin data and functions enabling the interface with IoT and 3rd systems, or the connection with different tools for processing and monitoring current and historical big data.
This 12-hour online training course can be used to obtain a good understanding of FIWARE and NGSI Interfaces and form the basis of studying for the FIWARE expert certification.
Extending this core part, the virtual training camp adds introductory and deep-dive sessions on how FIWARE and iSHARE technologies, brought together under the umbrella of the i4Trust initiative, can be combined to provide the means for the creation of data spaces in which multiple organizations can exchange digital twin data in a trusted and efficient manner, collaborating in the creation of innovative services based on data sharing. In addition, SMEs and Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) that go through this complete training and are located in countries eligible under Horizon 2020 will be equipped with the necessary know-how to apply to the recently launched i4Trust Open Call.
Session 8 - Creating Data Processing Services | Train the Trainers ProgramFIWARE
This technical session for Local Experts in Data Sharing (LEBDs), this session will explain how to create data processing services that are key to i4Trust.
An online training course run by the FIWARE Foundation in conjunction with the i4Trust project and IShare Foundation. The core part of this virtual training camp (27 Jun - 01 Jul 2022) covered all the necessary skills to develop smart solutions powered by FIWARE. It introduces the basis of Digital Twin programming using NGSI-LD (the simple yet powerful open standard API enabling to publish and access digital twin data) combined with common smart data models
In addition, it covers the supplementary FIWARE technologies used to implement the rest of functions typically required when architecting a complete smart solution: Identity and Access Management (IAM) functions to secure access to digital twin data, and functions enabling the interface with IoT and 3rd systems, or the connection with different tools for processing and monitoring current and historic big data.
Extending this core part, the training camp also cover how you can easily integrate FIWARE systems with blockchain networks to create audit-proof logs of processes and ensure transparency.
Tutorial describing how to protect Fiware Orion Context Broker with Fiware Keyrock IdM and Wilma PEP Proxy. The Keyrock is used to manage the identities and to provide OAuth2 tokens. The Wilma is used to intercept the requests to Orion and verify the user credentials through the sent token. With this token is possible to verify the authenticity of the user, checking her identity, and verify if the user is authorized to access Orion.
FIWARE Global Summit - NGSI-LD - NGSI with Linked DataFIWARE
Presentation by Martin Bauer
Senior Researcher, NEC Labs Europe
José Manuel Cantera
Senior Standardization Expert, FIWARE Foundation
FIWARE Global Summit
27-28 November 2018
Malaga, Spain
This is a complement of http://www.slideshare.net/fermingalan/fiware-managing-context-information-at-large-scale, including a set of basic and advanced exercises with Orion to be done by FIWARE Deverlopers Week participants.
This webinar is a practical session on Orion Context Broker. We start describing where to find the Orion information in the FI-WARE Catalogue, then how a FI-LAB user can create her/his out-of-the-box ready-to-use Orion instance. Finally, we will walk-through the main operations to manage context in Orion Context Broker. Webinar taught by Fermín Galán.
Kong, Keyrock, Keycloak, i4Trust - Options to Secure FIWARE in ProductionFIWARE
This training camp teaches you how FIWARE technologies and iSHARE, brought together under the umbrella of the i4Trust initiative, can be combined to provide the means for creation of data spaces in which multiple organizations can exchange digital twin data in a trusted and efficient manner, collaborating in the development of innovative services based on data sharing and creating value out of the data they share. SMEs and Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) will be equipped with the necessary know-how to use the i4Trust framework for creating data spaces!
FIWARE Wednesday Webinars - Introduction to NGSI-LDFIWARE
Introduction to NGSI-LD Webinar - 27th May 2020
Corresponding webinar recording: https://youtu.be/rZ13IyLpAtA
A data-model driven and linked data first introduction for developers to NGSI-LD and JSON-LD.
Chapter: Core
Difficulty: 3
Audience: Any Technical
Presenter: Jason Fox (Senior Technical Evangelist, FIWARE Foundation)
An online training course run by the FIWARE Foundation in conjunction with the i4Trust project. The core part of this virtual training camp (21-24 June 2021) covered all the necessary skills to develop smart solutions powered by FIWARE. It introduces the basis of Digital Twin programming using linked data concepts - JSON-LD and NGSI-LD and combines these with common smart data models for the sharing and augmentation of context data.
In addition, it covers the supplementary FIWARE technologies used to implement the common functions typically required when architecting a complete smart solution: Identity and Access Management (IAM) functions to secure access to digital twin data and functions enabling the interface with IoT and 3rd systems, or the connection with different tools for processing and monitoring current and historical big data.
This 12-hour online training course can be used to obtain a good understanding of FIWARE and NGSI Interfaces and form the basis of studying for the FIWARE expert certification.
Extending this core part, the virtual training camp adds introductory and deep-dive sessions on how FIWARE and iSHARE technologies, brought together under the umbrella of the i4Trust initiative, can be combined to provide the means for the creation of data spaces in which multiple organizations can exchange digital twin data in a trusted and efficient manner, collaborating in the creation of innovative services based on data sharing. In addition, SMEs and Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) that go through this complete training and are located in countries eligible under Horizon 2020 will be equipped with the necessary know-how to apply to the recently launched i4Trust Open Call.
Core Context Management Webinar - 20th March 2019
Corresponding webinar recording: https://youtu.be/pK4GgYjlmdY
Introduction to Core Context Management. Learn about the NGSI DataModel and the NSGI interface, registrations, subscription etc.
Chapter: Core
Difficulty: 1
Audience: Anyone
Presenter: Jason Fox (Senior Technical Evangelist, FIWARE Foundation)
FIWARE Wednesday Webinars - How to Design DataModelsFIWARE
How to Design DataModels - 8th May 2019
Corresponding webinar recording: https://youtu.be/T_1DpKf6C_c
Understanding and applying Standard Data Models.
Chapter: Core
Difficulty: 3
Audience: Technical Domain Specific
Presenter: José Manuel Cantera (Senior Standardization Expert, FIWARE Foundation)
Creating a Context-Aware solution, Complex Event Processing with FIWARE PerseoFernando Lopez Aguilar
Introduction to Complex Event Processing (CEP). How FIWARE deals with CEP through FIWARE Perseo. How to connect FIWARE Perseo with FIWARE Orion Context Broker. How can we define an event with Event Processing Language (EPL) and what are the predefined actions to include in FIWARE Perseo.
An online training course run by the FIWARE Foundation in conjunction with the i4Trust project. The core part of this virtual training camp (21-24 June 2021) covered all the necessary skills to develop smart solutions powered by FIWARE. It introduces the basis of Digital Twin programming using linked data concepts - JSON-LD and NGSI-LD and combines these with common smart data models for the sharing and augmentation of context data.
In addition, it covers the supplementary FIWARE technologies used to implement the common functions typically required when architecting a complete smart solution: Identity and Access Management (IAM) functions to secure access to digital twin data and functions enabling the interface with IoT and 3rd systems, or the connection with different tools for processing and monitoring current and historical big data.
This 12-hour online training course can be used to obtain a good understanding of FIWARE and NGSI Interfaces and form the basis of studying for the FIWARE expert certification.
Extending this core part, the virtual training camp adds introductory and deep-dive sessions on how FIWARE and iSHARE technologies, brought together under the umbrella of the i4Trust initiative, can be combined to provide the means for the creation of data spaces in which multiple organizations can exchange digital twin data in a trusted and efficient manner, collaborating in the creation of innovative services based on data sharing. In addition, SMEs and Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) that go through this complete training and are located in countries eligible under Horizon 2020 will be equipped with the necessary know-how to apply to the recently launched i4Trust Open Call.
Session 8 - Creating Data Processing Services | Train the Trainers ProgramFIWARE
This technical session for Local Experts in Data Sharing (LEBDs), this session will explain how to create data processing services that are key to i4Trust.
An online training course run by the FIWARE Foundation in conjunction with the i4Trust project and IShare Foundation. The core part of this virtual training camp (27 Jun - 01 Jul 2022) covered all the necessary skills to develop smart solutions powered by FIWARE. It introduces the basis of Digital Twin programming using NGSI-LD (the simple yet powerful open standard API enabling to publish and access digital twin data) combined with common smart data models
In addition, it covers the supplementary FIWARE technologies used to implement the rest of functions typically required when architecting a complete smart solution: Identity and Access Management (IAM) functions to secure access to digital twin data, and functions enabling the interface with IoT and 3rd systems, or the connection with different tools for processing and monitoring current and historic big data.
Extending this core part, the training camp also cover how you can easily integrate FIWARE systems with blockchain networks to create audit-proof logs of processes and ensure transparency.
Tutorial describing how to protect Fiware Orion Context Broker with Fiware Keyrock IdM and Wilma PEP Proxy. The Keyrock is used to manage the identities and to provide OAuth2 tokens. The Wilma is used to intercept the requests to Orion and verify the user credentials through the sent token. With this token is possible to verify the authenticity of the user, checking her identity, and verify if the user is authorized to access Orion.
FIWARE Global Summit - NGSI-LD - NGSI with Linked DataFIWARE
Presentation by Martin Bauer
Senior Researcher, NEC Labs Europe
José Manuel Cantera
Senior Standardization Expert, FIWARE Foundation
FIWARE Global Summit
27-28 November 2018
Malaga, Spain
This is a complement of http://www.slideshare.net/fermingalan/fiware-managing-context-information-at-large-scale, including a set of basic and advanced exercises with Orion to be done by FIWARE Deverlopers Week participants.
This webinar is a practical session on Orion Context Broker. We start describing where to find the Orion information in the FI-WARE Catalogue, then how a FI-LAB user can create her/his out-of-the-box ready-to-use Orion instance. Finally, we will walk-through the main operations to manage context in Orion Context Broker. Webinar taught by Fermín Galán.
The Future of Embedded and IoT Security: Kaspersky Operating SystemKaspersky Lab
KasperskyOS – Secure Operating System for embedded connected systems with specific requirements for cyber security. KasperskyOS aims to protect software and data systems from the consequences of the intrusion of malicious code, viruses and hacker attacks. These can provoke harmful behavior in any part of the system, potentially resulting in loss or leakage of sensitive data, reduced performance and denial of service. In addition it reduces the risk of harm caused by program bugs, unintentional mistakes or premeditated abuse.
3 Things Every Sales Team Needs to Be Thinking About in 2017Drift
Thinking about your sales team's goals for 2017? Drift's VP of Sales shares 3 things you can do to improve conversion rates and drive more revenue.
Read the full story on the Drift blog here: http://blog.drift.com/sales-team-tips
GreenBiz 17 Tutorial Slides: "How Corporates are Aligning with the Sustainabl...GreenBiz Group
The Sustainable Development Goals define global priorities and aspirations for 2030. Where does your company strategy align with these global goals? Learn how the SDGs affect your business, and gain the tools and knowledge needed to maximize your company's contribution to the success of the SDGs.
GreenBiz 17 In-Depth Tutorials are intensive half-day sessions held prior to the start of the conference. These are designed to offer participants an opportunity to dive deeper into a topic of interest and develop tangible knowledge and skills. In addition, attendees will have a greater opportunity to network with their peers in these interactive sessions. Concurrent tutorials will be held the morning of Tuesday, February 14, and are available only to those who purchase an All Access Pass.
Applying Robotic Process Automation in Banking: Innovations in Finance and Riskaccenture
Robotics is quickly gaining traction in banks to automate their everyday finance and risk processes. Accenture's presentation covers the impact of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) on a bank's finance and risk function. Read Philippe Guyonnet’s blog to learn more about RPA in banking and finance and risk innovation:http://bit.ly/2dprACR
TEDx Manchester: AI & The Future of WorkVolker Hirsch
TEDx Manchester talk on artificial intelligence (AI) and how the ascent of AI and robotics impacts our future work environments.
The video of the talk is now also available here: https://youtu.be/dRw4d2Si8LA
FIWARE NGSI: Managing Context Information at Large ScaleFIWARE
FIWARE NGSI: Managing Context Information at Large Scale, by Fermín Galán.
Orion Context Broker developing team. 1st FIWARE Summit, Málaga, Dec. 13-15, 2016.
FIWARE Developers Week_Managing context information at large scale_conferenceFIWARE
Managing context information at large scale presentation by Fermín Galán Márquez (@fermingalan) for Developers Week
(Madrid, March 2nd 2015)
www.fiware.org
Fiware: the pillar of the Future Internet (Overview)Juanjo Hierro
Overview of the FIWARE program (http://fiware.org) devoted to create an open and sustainable ecosystem around the FIWARE platform. FIWARE provides OpenStack-based Cloud Hosting capabilities plus a rich library of Generic Enablers exporting standard APIs that ease development of Future Internet applications. You can experiment for free with the FIWARE technologies on the FIWARE Lab (http://lab.fiware.org), the meeting point where innovation takes place ... and don't miss the opportunity to get part of the 80 Million euros granted by the EC to those startups and SMEs that will materialize their innovative ideas using FIWARE !!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
FIWARE: Managing Context Information at large scale
1. Managing Context Information at
Large Scale: Introduction
Fermín Galán Márquez - fermin.galanmarquez@telefonica.com
Ken Gunnar Zangelin - kengunnar.zangelin@telefonica.com
(Reference Orion Context Broker version: 1.7.0)
2. • Context Management in FIWARE
• Orion Context Broker
• Creating and pulling data
• Pushing data and notifications
• Batch operations
2
Introduction
3. Being “Smart” requires first being “Aware”
Boiler
• Manufacturer
• Last revision
• Product id
• temperature
Users
• Name-Surname
• Birthday
• Preferences
• Location
Flowerpot
• Humidity
• Watering plan
Context Information
Application
3
• Implementing a Smart Application requires gathering and
managing context information, referring to values of
attributes characterizing relevant entities
• There are many application domains where management of
context info is relevant: smart home, smart agrifood, smart
industry, smart logistics, smart cities
standard API
4. Being “Smart” requires first being “Aware”
4
• Implementing a Smart Application requires gathering and
managing context information, referring to values of
attributes characterizing relevant entities
• There are many application domains where management of
context info is relevant: smart home, smart agrifood, smart
industry, smart logistics, smart cities
Ship
• Company
• Speed
• Location
• …
Truck
• Driver
• Location
• …
Container
• Dimension
• Temperature
• …
Context Information
Application
standard API
5. Being “Smart” requires first being “Aware”
• Implementing a Smart Application requires gathering and
managing context information, referring to values of
attributes characterizing relevant entities
• There are many application domains where management of
context info is relevant: smart home, smart agrifood, smart
industry, smart logistics, smart cities
Bus
• Location
• No. passengers
• Driver
• Licence plate
Citizen
• Name-Surname
• Birthday
• Preferences
• Location
Shop
• Location
• Business name
• Franchise
• offerings
Context Information
Application
5
standard API
6. Context Information Management in Smart Cities
• Systems dealing with management of city services or third-
party apps (subject to access control policies) can consume
and produce context info
• Overall city governance can rely on context information
available (real-time and historic) to monitor KPIs and run
BigData analysis
6
City Services
Bus
• Location
• No. passengers
• Driver
• Licence plate
Citizen
• Name-Surname
• Birthday
• Preferences
• Location
Shop
• Location
• Business name
• Franchise
• offerings
Context Information
City Governance System
City Services
Third-party Apps
7. Different sources of context need to be handle
• Context information may come from many sources:
– Existing systems
– Users, through mobile apps
– Sensor networks
• Source of info for a given entity may vary over time
Place = “X”, temperature = 30º
What’s the current temperature in place “X”?
A sensor in a
pedestrian street
The Public Bus Transport
Management systemA person from his smartphone
It’s too hot!
7
standard API
8. Different sources of context need to be handle
• Context information may come from many sources:
– Existing systems
– Users, through mobile apps
– Sensor networks
• Source of info for a given entity may vary over time
8
Street = “X”, traffic = high
What’s the current traffic in
street “X”?
Standard API
A sensor in a pedestrian street
The Public Bus Transport
Management system Citizen’s car app or
smartphone
Notify me the changes of
traffic in street “X”
9. A non-intrusive approach is required
• Capable to integrate with existing or future systems without impact
in their architectures, but bringing a common context information
hub
• Info about attributes of one entity may come from different
systems, which work either as Context Producers or Context
Providers
Application/Service
Standard API
System A System B
Context Producer Context Provider
attribute “location” attribute “driver”
9
10. Context Management in FIWARE
• The FIWARE Context Broker GE implements the NGSI API: a
simple yet powerful standard API for managing Context
information complying with the requirements of a smart
enabled system
• The FIWARE NGSI API is Restful: any web/backend
programmer gets quickly used to it
Application/Service
Context Broker
NGSI API
Boiler
• Manufacturer
• Last revision
• Product id
• temperature
Users
• Name-Surname
• Birthday
• Preferences
• Location
Flowerpot
• Humidity
• Watering plan
10
11. FIWARE NGSI: “The SNMP for IoT”
• Capturing data from, or Acting upon, IoT devices becomes
as easy as to read/change the value of attributes linked to
context entities using a Context Broker
Context Broker
NGSI APINGSI API
GET /v2/entities/lamp1/attrs/presenceSensor
PUT /v2/entities/lamp1/attrs/status/value
“light on”
Setting up the value of attribute
“status” to “light on” triggers
execution of a function in the IoT
device that switches the lamp on
Issuing a get operation on the
“presenceSensor” attribute
enables the application to get
info about presence of people
near the lamp
11
12. Connecting to the Internet of Things
• Capturing data from, or Acting upon, IoT devices becomes
as easy as to read/change the value of attributes linked to
context entities using a Context Broker
Context Broker
GET /v2/entities/lamp1/attrs/humidity
PUT /v2/entities/lamp1/attrs/status/value
“watering”
Setting up the value of attribute
“status” to “watering” triggers
execution of a function in the IoT
device that waters the plant
Issuing a get operation on the
“humidity” attribute enables the
application to find out whether
the plant has to be watered
12
NGSI APINGSI API
13. • Main functions:
– Context management
– Context availability management (advanced topic) (not yet in NGSIv2)
• HTTP and REST-based
– JSON payload support
• Context in NGSI is based in an entity-attribute model:
Attributes
• Name
• Type
• Value
Entity
• EntityId
• EntityType
1 n
“has”
13
Orion Context Broker
14. • NGSIv1
– Original NGSI RESTful binding of OMA-NGSI
– Implemented in 2013
– Uses the /v1 prefix in resource URL
• NGSIv2
– A revamped, simplified binding of OMA-NGSI
• Simple things must be easy
• Complex things should be possible
• Agile, implementation-driven approach
• Make it as developer-friendly as possible (RESTful, JSON, …)
– Enhanced functionality compared with NGSIv1 (eg. filtering)
– Stable, ready for production, version already available
• Current NGSIv2 version is Release Candidate 2016.10 http://telefonicaid.github.io/fiware-
orion/api/v2/stable
• New features coming (http://telefonicaid.github.io/fiware-orion/api/v2/stable)
– Uses the /v2 prefix in resource URL
• Introduction to NGSIv2
– https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1_fv9dB5joCsOCHlb4Ld6A-
QmeIYhDzHgFHUWreGmvKU/edit#slide=id.g53c31d7074fd7bc7_0
14
Two “flavors” of NGSI API
15. • NGSIv2 is in “release candidate” status
– By "release candidate" we mean that the specification is quite stable,
but changes may occur with regard to new release candidates or the
final version. In particular changes may be of two types:
• Extensions to the functionality currently specified by this
document. Note that in this case there isn't any risk of breaking
backward compatibility on existing software implementations.
• Slight modifications in the functionality currently specified by this
document, as a consequence of ongoing discussions. Backward
compatibility will be taken into account in this case, trying to
minimize the impact on existing software implementations. In
particular, only completely justified changes impacting backward
compatibility will be allowed and "matter of taste" changes will not
be allowed.
15
NGSIv2 status (AKA the “NGSIv2 disclaimer”)
16. • In general, it is always preferable to use NGSIv2
• However, you would need to use NGSIv1 if
– You need register/discovery operations (context management
availability functionality)
• Not yet implemented in NGSIv2 (in roadmap)
– Zero tolerance to changes in software interacting with Orion
• Even if you use NGSIv1, you can still use NGSIv2 advanced
functionality
– See “Considerations on NGSIv1 and NGSIv2 coexistence”
section at Orion manual
• For a NGSIv1-based version of this presentation have a
look to
– http://bit.ly/fiware-orion-ngsiv1
16
So… when should I use NGSIv1 or NGSIv2?
18. GET <cb_host>:1026/version
{
"orion" : {
"version" : "1.6.0",
"uptime" : "7 d, 21 h, 33 m, 39 s",
"git_hash" : "aee96414cc3594bba161afb400f69d101978b39c",
"compile_time" : "Mon Dec 5 08:38:58 CET 2016",
"compiled_by" : "fermin",
"compiled_in" : "centollo"
}
}
18
Orion Context Broker – check health
19. 19
Orion Context Broker Basic Operations
Entities
• GET /v2/entities
• Retrieve all entities
• POST /v2/entities
• Creates an entity
• GET /v2/entities/{entityID}
• Retrieves an entity
• [PUT|PATCH|POST] /v2/entities/{entityID}
• Updates an entity (different “flavors”)
• DELETE /v2/entities/{entityID}
• Deletes an entity
20. 20
Orion Context Broker Basic Operations
Attributes
• GET /v2/entities/{entityID}/attrs/{attrName}
• Retrieves an attribute’s data
• PUT /v2/entities/{entityID}/attrs/{attrName}
• Updates an attribute’s data
• DELETE /v2/entities/{entityID}/attrs/{attrName}
• Deletes an attribute
• GET /v2/entities/{entityID}/attrs/{attrName}/value
• Retrieves an attribute’s value
• PUT /v2/entities/{entityID}/attrs/{attrName}/value
• Updates an attribute’s value
21. Context Broker operations: create & pull data
• Context Producers publish data/context elements by invoking the update
operations on a Context Broker.
• Context Consumers can retrieve data/context elements by invoking the query
operations on a Context Broker
Context Consumer
query
Context Producer
update
Context Broker
21
22. Quick Usage Example: Car Create
201 Created
22
POST <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities
Content-Type: application/json
...
{
"id": "Car1",
"type": "Car",
"speed": {
"type": "Float",
"value": 98
}
}
23. Quick Usage Example: Car Speed Update (1)
PUT <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities/Car1/attrs/speed
Content-Type: application/json
...
{
"type": "Float",
"value": 110
}
204 No Content
…
23
In the case of id ambiguity, you can use
"?type=Car" to specify entity type
24. Quick Usage Example: Car Speed Query (1)
200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
...
{
"type": "Float",
"value": 110,
"metadata": {}
}
24
You can get all the attributes of the entity using the
entity URL:
GET/v2/entities/Car1/attrs
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities/Car1/attrs/speed
25. Quick Usage Example: Car Speed Update (2)
PUT <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities/Car1/attrs/speed/value
Content-Type: text/plain
...
115
204 No Content
…
25
26. Quick Usage Example: Car Speed Query (2)
26
200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
...
115.000000
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities/Car1/attrs/speed/value
Accept: text/plain
33. Quick Usage Example: Filters (2)
33
200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
...
[
{
"id": "Room1",
"pressure": 720,
"temperature": 25,
"type": "Room"
}
]
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?options=keyValues&q=pressure==715..725
The full description of the Simple
Query Language for filtering can be
found in the NGSIv2 Specification
document
34. Context Broker operations: push data
• Context Consumers can subscribe to receive context information that satisfy
certain conditions using the subscribe operation. Such subscriptions may
have an expiration time.
• The Context Broker notifies updates on context information to subscribed
Context Consumers by invoking the notify operation they export
subId = subscribeContext (consumer, expr, expiration)
Context Consumer
notify (subId, data/context)
Context Broker
Application
34
38. List existing subscriptions
38
200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
…
[{
"id": " 51c0ac9ed714fb3b37d7d5a8 ",
"expires": "2026-04-05T14:00:00.00Z",
"status": "active",
"subject": {
"entities": [{
"id": "Room1",
"type": "Room"
}],
"condition": {
"attrs": ["temperature"]
}
},
"notification": {
"timesSent": 3,
"lastNotification": "2016-05-31T11:19:32.00Z",
"lastSuccess": "2016-05-31T11:19:32.00Z",
"attrs": ["temperature"],
"attrsFormat": "normalized",
"http": {
"url": "http://localhost:1028/publish"
}
}
}]
The full description of the
subscription object (including all
its fields) can be found in the
NGSIv2 Specification
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/subscriptions
39. Orion Context Broker batch operations
39
• Batch query and batch update
• They are equivalent in functionality to previously described RESTful
operations
• All them use POST as verb and the /v2/op URL prefix, including
operation parameters in the JSON payload
• They implement extra functionality that cannot be achieved with
RESTful operations, e.g. to create several entities with the same
operation
• They are not a substitute but a complement to RESTful operations
41. How to get Orion? (Virtual Machines)
41
• FIWARE Lab image
– Image: orion-psb-image-R<x>.<y>
• VirtualBox image
– http://bit.ly/fiware-orion024-vbox (it’s big!)
– User/pass:
• fiware/fiware
• root/fiware
• Hint: update Orion package once the VM is deployed
42. How to get Orion? (Docker containers)
42
• Assuming docker is installed in your system
• Documentation in https://github.com/telefonicaid/fiware-
orion/tree/develop/docker
• Quick guide
git clone https://github.com/telefonicaid/fiware-orion.git
cd fiware-orion/docker
sudo docker-compose up
• That’s all!
– curl localhost:1026/version
• Installing Orion docker in less than 1 minute
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6taR7e20H9U
43. Would you like to play with this?
43
• Have a look to the FIWARE Reference Tutorial
application
– git clone https://github.com/Fiware/tutorials.TourGuide-
App.git
– cd tutorials.TourGuide-App/
– docker-compose up orion
– curl localhost:1026/version
• Self-explanatory README.md at root directory
• Open a Postman session and rock and roll
– Postman collection:
https://github.com/Fiware/tutorials.TourGuide-
App/blob/develop/contrib/CampusParty2016.postman_coll
ection
44. Orion Context Broker to Backbone Sync
44
• https://github.com/digitalilusion/o2bb
45. NGSI Context Adaptor for Carto
45
Show your entities in a map with no effort, create history animations,
heat maps and clusters representations
• https://github.com/telefonicaid/fiware-dataviz
46. NGSI Plugin for Freeboard
46
Create a real time dashboard for your entities, representing gauges,
spark lines and maps. No coding required!
• https://github.com/telefonicaid/fiware-dataviz
In addition, Freeboard freemium version integrates Orion off-the-shelf
47. Would you like to know more?
47
• The easy way
– This presentation: google for “fermingalan slideshare” and search the one
named “Managing Context Information at large scale”
– Orion User Manual: google for “Orion FIWARE manual” and use the first hit
– Orion Catalogue page: google for “Orion FIWARE catalogue” and use the first
hit
• References
– NGSIv2 Specification
• http://fiware.github.io/specifications/ngsiv2/stable
• http://fiware.github.io/specifications/ngsiv2/latest
– NGSIv2 for NGSIv1 developers
• http://bit.ly/ngsiv2-vs-ngsiv1
– This presentation
• http://www.slideshare.net/fermingalan/fiware-managing-context-information-at-large-
scale
– Orion Catalogue:
• http://catalogue.fiware.org/enablers/publishsubscribe-context-broker-orion-context-
broker
– Orion support trhough StackOverflow
• Ask your questions using the “fiware-orion” tag
• Look for existing questions at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fiware-orion
48. Managing Context Information at
Large Scale: Advanced Topics
Fermín Galán Márquez - fermin.galanmarquez@telefonica.com
Ken Gunnar Zangelin - kengunnar.zangelin@telefonica.com
(Reference Orion Context Broker version: 1.7.0)
49. 49
Orion functionality
49
Pagination
Metadata
Compound attribute/metadata values
Type browsing
Geo-location
Query filters
DateTime support
Custom notifications
Notification status
Attribute/metadata filtering
Special attribute/metadata
Registrations & context providers
Multitenancy
Creating & pulling data
Pushing data
Subscriptions & Notifications
Batch operations
50. • Pagination
• Metadata
• Compound attribute/metadata values
• Type browsing
• Geo-location
• Query filters
• DateTime support
• Custom notifications
• Notification status
• Attribute/metadata filtering and special
attribute/metadata
• Registrations & context providers
• Multitenancy
• Service paths
• CORS
• Notifying services in private networks
50
Advanced Features
51. • Pagination helps clients organize query and
discovery requests with a large number of
responses.
• Three URI parameters:
– limit
• Number of elements per page (default: 20, max: 1000)
– offset
• Number of elements to skip (default: 0)
– count (option)
• Returns total elements (default: not return)
51
Pagination
52. • Example, querying the first 100 entries:
– GET <orion_host>:1026/v2/entities?limit=100&options=count
• The first 100 elements are returned, along with the
following header in the response:
– Fiware-Total-Count: 322
• Now we now there are 322 entities, we can keep querying
the broker for them:
– GET <orion_host>:1026/v2/entities?offset=100&limit=100
– GET <orion_host>:1026/v2/entities?offset=200&limit=100
– GET <orion_host>:1026/v2/entities?offset=300&limit=100
52
Pagination
53. • By default, results are ordered by entity creation date
• This behavior can be overridden using orderBy URI parameter
– A comma-separated list of attributes. Results are ordered by the first
attribute. On ties, the results are ordered by the second attribute and
so on. A "!" before the attribute name means that the order is
reversed.
• Example: get the first 10 entities ordered by temp in ascending
order, then humidity in descending order
GET <orion_host>:1026/v2/entities?limit=20&offset=0&orderBy=temp,!humidity
• dateCreated and dateModified can be used to ordering by
entity creation and modification date, respectively
53
Pagination
55. Attributes
• Name
• Type
• Value
Entity
• EntityId
• EntityType
1 n
“has”
Metadata
• Name
• Type
• Value1 n
“has”
55
Complete NGSI Model
56. • Attributes and metadata can have a structured
value. Vectors and key-value maps are
supported.
• It maps directly to JSON's objects and arrays.
56
Compound Attribute/Metadata Values
57. • Example: we have
a car whose four
wheels' pressure
we want to
represent as a
compound
attribute for a car
entity. We would
create the car
entity like this:
{
"type": "Car",
"id": "Car1",
"tirePressure": {
"type": "kPa",
"value": {
"frontRight": 120,
"frontLeft": 110,
"backRight": 115,
"backLeft": 130
}
}
}
57
Compound Attribute/Metadata Values
58. • GET /v2/types
• Retrieve a list of all entity types currently in Orion,
including their corresponding attributes and entities
count
• GET /v2/types/{typeID}
• Retrieve attributes and entities count associated to an
entity type
PRO TIP
GET /v2/contextTypes?options=values
Retrieves just a list of all entity types without any extra info
58
Type Browsing
59. • Entities can have an attribute
that specifies its location
• Several attribute types can be
used
– geo:point (for points)
– geo:line (for lines)
– geo:box (for boxes)
– geo:polygon (for polygons)
– geo:json (for arbitrary geometries, in
GeoJson standard)
• Example: create an entity called
Madrid
…and create a couple more towns:
• Leganés
• Alcobendas
POST <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities
{
"type": "City",
"id": "Madrid",
"position": {
"type": "geo:point",
"value": "40.418889, -3.691944"
}
}
59
Geo-location
61. Geo-location – Max distance
61
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?
idPattern=.*&
type=City&
georel=near;maxDistance:13500&
geometry=point&
coords=40.418889,-3691944
62. Geo-location – Min distance
62
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?
idPattern=.*&
type=City&
georel=near;minDistance:13500&
geometry=point&
coords=40.418889,-3691944
63. • Apart from near, the following georel can be
used
– georel=coveredBy
– georel=intersects
– georel=equals
– georel=disjoint
• See NGSIv2 Specification for a detailed
description
63
More geo-relationships
64. • For the GET /v2/entities operation
• By entity type
• By entity id list
• By entity id pattern (regex)
• By entity type pattern (regex)
• By geographical location
– Described in detail in previous slides
• Filters can be used simultaneously (i.e. like AND condition)
64
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?type=Room
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?id=Room1,Room2
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?idPattern=^Room[2-5]
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?typePattern=T[ABC]
Query filters
65. • By attribute value (q)
• By metadata value (mq)
• See full details about q and mq query language in NGSIv2 specification
65
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?q=temperature>25
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?q=tirePressure.frontRight >130
attribute name
attribute sub-key (for compound attribute values only)
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?mq=temperature.avg>25
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities?mq=tirePressure.accuracy.frontRight >90
metadata sub-key (for compound
metadata values only)
attribute name
metadata name
Query filters
66. 66
POST <cb_host>:1026/v2/subscriptions
…
{
"subject": {
"entities": [
{
"id": “Car5",
"type": "Car"
},
{
"idPattern": "^Room[2-5]",
"type": "Room"
},
{
"id": "D37",
"typePattern": "Type[ABC]"
},
],
"condition": {
"attrs": [ "temperature" ],
"expression": {
"q": "temperature>40",
"mq": "humidity.avg==80..90",
"georel": "near;maxDistance:100000",
"geometry": "point",
"coords": "40.418889,-3.691944"
}
}
},
…
}
• Filters can be also used in
subscriptions
– id
– type
– id pattern
– type pattern
– attribute values
– metadata value
– geographical location
Query filters
67. • Orion implements date support
– Based on ISO ISO8601 format, including partial
representations and timezones
• See https://fiware-
orion.readthedocs.io/en/master/user/ngsiv2_implementati
on_notes/index.html#datetime-support for syntax details
– Use reserved attribute type DateTime to express a date
– Date-based filters are supported
67
Datetime support
68. • Attribute value arithmetic filters can be used with dates as if they
were numbers
• Entity dateModified and dateCreated special attributes, to get
entity creation and last modification timestamps
– They are shown in query responses using
attrs=dateModified,dateCreated
• Entity dateModified and dateCreated special metadata, to get
attribute creation and last modification timestamps
– They are shown in query responses using
metadata=dateModified,dateCreated
68
POST /v2/entities
…
{
"id": "John",
"birthDate": {
"type": "DateTime",
"value": "1979-10-14T07:21:24.238Z"
}
}
GET /v2/entities?q=birthDate<1985-01-01T00:00:00
Example: create entity John,
with birthDate attribute using
type DateTime
Datetime support
69. • Apart from the standard formats defined in the
previous slides NGSIv2 allows to re-define all the
notification aspects
• httpInfo is used instead of http, with the
following subfields
– URL query parameters
– HTTP method
– HTTP headers
– Payload (not necessarily JSON!)
• A simple macro substitution language based on ${..}
syntax can be used to “fill the gaps” with entity data (id,
type or attribute values)
– Exception: this cannot be used in HTTP method field
69
Custom notifications
70. 70
…
"httpCustom": {
"url": "http://foo.com/entity/${id}",
"headers": {
"Content-Type": "text/plain"
},
"method": "PUT",
"qs": {
"type": "${type}"
},
"payload": "The temperature is ${temp} degrees"
}
…
PUT http://foo.com/entity/DC_S1-D41?type=Room
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 31
The temperature is 23.4 degrees
PUT /v2/entities/DC_S1-D41/attrs/temp/value?type=Room
…
23.4
Custom notification configuration
update
notificaiton
Custom notifications
71. • Status failed means that last
attempt to notify failed
– E.g. the endpoint is not reachable
• Detailed information in the
notifications element
– timesSent: total number of
notifications attempts (both
successful and failed)
– lastSuccess: last time that
notification was successfully sent
– lastFailure: last time that
notification was tried and failed
– lastNotification: last time the
notification was sent (either success
or failure)
• Corollary: lastNotification value is the
same than either lastFailure or
lastSuccess
71
200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
…
[{
"id": " 51c0ac9ed714fb3b37d7d5a8 ",
"expires": "2026-04-05T14:00:00.00Z",
"status": "failed",
"subject": { … },
"notification": {
"timesSent": 3,
"lastNotification": "2016-05-31T11:19:32.00Z",
"lastSuccess": "2016-05-31T10:07:32.00Z",
"lastFailure": "2016-05-31T11:19:32.00Z",
…
}
}]
Notification status
72. • By default all attribute are included in query
responses or notifications
• The attrs field (as parameter in GET operations
and as notification sub-field in subscriptions)
can be used to specify a filtering list
• The attrs field can be also used to explicitly
include some special attributes (not included by
default)
– dateCreated, dateModified: described in previous
slide
• The “*” can be used as an alias of “all the
(regular) attributes”
72
Attributes filtering and special attributes
73. • Examples
– Include only attributes temp and lum
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?attrs=temp,lum
• In subscriptions: "attrs": [ "temp", "lum" ]
– Include dateCreated and not any other attribute
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?attrs=dateCreated
• In subscriptions: "attrs": [ "dateCreated" ]
– Include dateModified and all the other (regular)
attributes
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?attrs=dateModified,*
• In subscriptions: "attrs": [ "dateModified", "*" ]
– Include all attributes (same effect that not using attrs,
not very interesting)
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?attrs=*
• In subscriptions: "attrs": [ "*" ]
73
Attributes filtering and special attributes
74. • By default all attribute metadata are included in query responses
and notifications
• The metadata field (as parameter in GET operations and as
notification sub-field in subscriptions) can be used to specify a
filtering list
• The metadata field can be also used to explicitly include some
special metadata (not included by default)
– dateCreated, dateModified: described in previous slide
– actionType: which value is the action type corresponding to the
update triggering the notification: “update”, “append” or “delete” (*)
– previousValue: which provides the value of the attribute previous to
processing the update that triggers the notification
• The “*” can be used as an alias of “all the (regular) metadata”
74
(*) actionType “delete” not yet supported by Orion in 1.7.0.
Metadata filtering and special metadata
75. • Examples
– Include only metadata MD1 and MD2
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?metadata=MD1,MD2
• In subscriptions: "metadata": [ "MD1", "MD2" ]
– Include previousValue and not any other metadata
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?metadata=previousValue
• In subscriptions: "attrs": [ "previousValue" ]
– Include actionType and all the other (regular) metadata
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?metadata=actionType,*
• In subscriptions: "attrs": [ "actionType", "*" ]
– Include all metadatata (same effect that not using
metadata, not very interesting)
• In queries: GET /v2/entities?metadata=*
• In subscriptions: "metadata": [ "*" ]
75
Metadata filtering and special metadata
76. • Uncached queries and updates
76
Application
ContextBroker ContextProvider
1. registerContext(provider= )
db
2. query 3. query
4. data5. data
Context
Consumer
Registration & Context Providers
77. POST <cb_host>:1026/v1/registry/registerContext
…
{
"contextRegistrations": [
{
"entities": [
{
"type": "Car",
"isPattern": "false",
"id": "Car1"
},
"attributes": [
{
"name": "speed",
"type": "float",
"isDomain": "false"
}
],
"providingApplication": "http://contextprovider.com/Cars"
}
],
"duration": "P1M"
}
200 OK
...
{
"duration" : "P1M",
"registrationId" : "52a744b011f5816465943d58"
}
77
Context management availability functionality not
yet specified in NGSIv2. Thus, a NGSIv1 operation is
used to create the registration.
Registration & Context Providers
79. • Simple multitenant model based on
logical database separation.
• It eases tenant-based authorization
provided by other components.
• Just use an additional HTTP header
called "Fiware-Service", whose value
is the tenant name. Example:
Fiware-Service: Tenant1
Context
Broker
Tenant1
Tenant2
…
79
Multitenancy
80. • A service path is a hierarchical scope assigned to an entity
at creation time (with POST /v2/entities).
80
Service Paths
81. • In order to use a service path we put in a new HTTP header
called "Fiware-ServicePath". For example:
Fiware-ServicePath: /Madrid/Gardens/ParqueNorte/Parterre1
• Properties:
– A query on a service path will look only into the specified node
– Use "ParentNode/#" to include all child nodes
– Queries without Fiware-ServicePath resolve to "/#"
– Entities will fall in the "/" node by default
ParqueNorte
Parterre2Parterre1
81
Service Paths
82. • Properties (continued):
– You can OR a query using a comma (,)
operator in the header
• For example, to query all street lights that are either in
ParqueSur or in ParqueOeste you would use:
ServicePath: Madrid/Gardens/ParqueSur,
Madrid/Gardens/ParqueOeste
• You can OR up to 10 different scopes.
– Maximum scope levels: 10
• Scope1/Scope2/.../Scope10
– You can have the same element IDs in
different scopes (be careful with this!)
– You can't change scope once the element is
created
– One entity can belong to only one scope
– It works not only with queries, but also with
subscriptions/notifications
– It works not only in NGSI10, but also with
registrations/discoveries (NGSI9)
ParqueNorte
Parterre1
light1
light1
A B
A or B
82
Service Paths
83. • Useful for programming clients that run entirely in browser
without backend
• Support in GET requests
• Controlled by the -corsOrigin CLI parameter at boot time
83
200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
...
{
“speed": [
….
}
GET <cb_host>:1026/v2/entities/Car1
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)
85. • The easy way
– This presentation: google for “fermingalan slideshare” and search the one
named “Managing Context Information at large scale”
– Orion User Manual: google for “Orion FIWARE manual” and use the first hit
– Orion Catalogue page: google for “Orion FIWARE catalogue” and use the first
hit
• References
– NGSIv2 Specification
• http://fiware.github.io/specifications/ngsiv2/stable
• http://fiware.github.io/specifications/ngsiv2/latest
– NGSIv2 for NGSIv1 developers
• http://bit.ly/ngsiv2-vs-ngsiv1
– This presentation
• http://www.slideshare.net/fermingalan/fiware-managing-context-information-at-large-
scale
– Orion Catalogue:
• http://catalogue.fiware.org/enablers/publishsubscribe-context-broker-orion-context-
broker
– Orion support trhough StackOverflow
• Ask your questions using the “fiware-orion” tag
• Look for existing questions at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fiware-orion
85
Would you like to know more?
87. Integration with existing systems
• Context adapters will be developed to interface with existing systems (e.g.,
municipal services management systems in a smart city) acting as Context
Providers, Context Producers, or both
• Some attributes from a given entity may be linked to a Context Provider
while other attributes may be linked to Context Producers
queryContext (e1,
attr1, attr2)
Context Provider
queryContext (e1,
attr1)
Context Consumer
updateContext (e1,
attr2)
Application
Context Broker
System BSystem A
87
88. Integration with sensor networks
• The backend IoT Device Management GE enables creation and
configuration of NGSI IoT Agents that connect to sensor networks
• Each NGSI IoT Agent can behave as Context Consumers or Context
Providers, or both
FIWARE Context Broker
IoT
Agent-1
IoT
Agent-2
IoT
Agent-n
IoT Agent
Manager
create/monitor
FIWARE Backend IoT
Device Management
OMA NGSI API (northbound interface)
(southbound interfaces)
MQTTETSI M2M IETF CoAP
88
89. • Federation of infrastructures (private/public regions)
• Automated GE deploymentCloud
• Complete Context Management Platform
• Integration of Data and Media ContentData
•Easy plug&play of devices using multiple protocols
•Automated Measurements/Action Context updatesIoT
•Visualization of data (operation dashboards)
•Publication of data sets/servicesApps
•Easy support of UIs with advanced web-based 3D and AR
capabilities
•Visual representation of context information.
Web UI
•Advanced networking capabilities (SDN) and Middleware
•Interface to robotsI2ND
•Security Monitoring
•Built-in Identity/Access/Privacy ManagementSecurity
Context Management in FIWARE
89
90. Context/Data Management Platform
Applications
OMA NGSI-9/10
Processing/Analysis
Algorithms
Gathered data is
injected for
processing/analysis
Distributed
Context
Sources Complex Event
Processing
(PROTON)
BigData
(COSMOS)
Processed data is
injected for
processing/analysi
s
Data generated either by CEP
or BigData is published
Gathered data injected
for CEP-like processing
Direct
bigdata
injection
Programming of
rules
90
FI-WARE Context/Data Management Platform
91. • Used by /v2/op/update (batch operation)
• Conventional actionTypes
– APPEND: append (or update if the attribute already
exists)
– UPDATE: update
– DELETE: delete
• Special actionTypes
– APPEND_STRICT: strict append (returns error if some of
the attributes to add already exists)
– REPLACE: delete all the entity attributes, next append
the ones in the update request
91
Special update action types
Editor's Notes
Orion Context Broker is an implementation of a context information broker with persistent storage
It implements OMA NGSI9/10 specification
NGSI9 is about context information availability (i.e. sources of context information) management
NGSI10 is about context information itself
Alternatives to ngrok.io:
http://localtunnel.me
https://forwardhq.com