The document introduces the "Five Universal Facts of Fiction" tool for analyzing and summarizing works of fiction. The five facts are: 1) It is about the main character, 2) It is about what the character wants, 3) It is about how the character gets what they want or don't, 4) It is about how the character changes, and 5) It is about the world the author creates. The document then analyzes the Harry Potter book using this tool, summarizing Harry's character traits and journey.