Fish reproduction razia 2
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The document covers several topics related to reproduction, early life stages, and growth in aquatic organisms. It discusses hormones that regulate reproduction, methods for inducing spawning in captive fish, early life stage development including embryogenesis and larval stages, and concepts of growth including measurements and patterns of growth. Key growth measurements mentioned are length, weight, dry weight, and condition factor.
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Fish reproduction razia
The document discusses general concepts in fish reproduction including reproductive strategies, environmental cues, stages of reproduction, and spawning methods. Reproductive strategies can be synchronous with one spawning leading to death, group synchronous with multiple seasonal spawnings, or asynchronous with daily spawning. The stages of reproduction include oocyte development, vitellogenesis, oocyte maturation, spawning, and recovery. Spawning can be simulated in the natural environment or through dry stripping and hormone induction methods.
Fish reproduction razia 2
The document covers several topics related to reproduction, early life stages, and growth in aquatic organisms. It discusses hormones that regulate reproduction, methods for inducing spawning in captive species, early life stage development from fertilization to juvenile growth, and concepts of growth measurement and patterns. Measurement of growth includes length, weight, and body composition assessments to monitor health and predict harvest times.
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The document discusses general concepts in fish reproduction including reproductive strategies, environmental cues, stages of reproduction, and spawning methods. Reproductive strategies can be synchronous with one spawning leading to death, group synchronous with multiple seasonal spawnings, or asynchronous with daily spawning. The stages of reproduction include oocyte development, vitellogenesis, oocyte maturation, spawning, and recovery. Spawning can be simulated in the natural environment or through dry stripping and hormone induction methods.
Fish reproduction razia
The document discusses general concepts in fish reproduction including reproductive strategies, environmental cues, stages of reproduction, and spawning methods. Reproductive strategies can be synchronous with one spawning, group synchronous with multiple seasonal spawnings, or asynchronous with daily spawning. The stages of reproduction include oocyte development, vitellogenesis, oocyte maturation, spawning, and recovery. Spawning can be simulated in the natural environment or done via dry stripping or hormone induction.
Fish reproduction razia
The document discusses general concepts in fish reproduction including reproductive strategies, environmental cues, stages of reproduction, and spawning methods. Reproductive strategies can maximize egg and fry survival and include synchronous, group synchronous, and asynchronous spawning. The stages of reproduction are oocyte development, vitellogenesis, oocyte maturation, spawning, and recovery. Spawning methods discussed are simulating the natural environment, dry stripping, and hormone induction.
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iii) We can save the Earth by planting more trees, stopping CFC use, and keeping the planet clean as we do our homes. An organization called MUSKEETERS teaches children how to do this important work.
Viva presentation
This thesis studied the environmental impact of sugar mills in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. It analyzed water and soil samples from 4 sugar mills over 12 months to measure parameters like EC, pH, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate. The results showed elevated levels of these parameters in samples taken near sugar mill effluent sites, indicating water and soil pollution from the mills. The study concluded the effluents are degrading the local habitat and ecology. It recommended stricter enforcement of environmental regulations to address the situation.
Manchhar lake an iba 2
Manchhar Lake is Pakistan's largest freshwater lake, located in Sindh province. It is oval-shaped and varies in size from 30 to 200 square miles depending on the season. The lake faces severe pollution problems from toxic waste discharged through drains, which has reduced the number of migratory birds from 20,000-30,000 to much lower levels and made the water unsuitable for humans and fish. Efforts are needed to reduce pollution and protect the biodiversity of this once-beautiful lake and habitat.
Fish reproduction razia 2
The document covers several topics related to reproduction, early life stages, and growth in aquatic organisms. It discusses hormones that regulate reproduction, methods for inducing spawning in captive species, early life stage development including embryogenesis and larval stages, and concepts of growth including measurements and patterns of growth. Key growth measurements mentioned are length, weight, dry weight, and condition factor. The document provides an overview of these essential topics but some specifics like formulas and tables are noted as not required reading.
Fish reproduction
The document summarizes different aspects of fish reproduction, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. It discusses types of hermaphroditism, modes of sexual reproduction such as oviparity and viviparity, clutch sizes, courtship behaviors, sexual dimorphism, and various strategies for protecting eggs and young, such as mouth brooding, external brooding, gill brooding, and nest building. Sexual maturity varies widely between species, from shortly after birth to over 10 years of age depending on size, lifespan, and other factors.
Presentation1
A mouse survived when pneumonia did not occur but died when pneumonia did occur. The presentation text repeats that pneumonia results in death for mice while its absence allows survival. It concludes by thanking Umer Saghir for preparing the presentation and asking if there are any questions.
Mobashir's presentation
The document analyzes nitrate pollution in vegetable-soil-water ecosystems in Punjab, Pakistan. Samples of vegetables, soils, and water were collected from 35 districts in Punjab and analyzed for nitrate and other nutrient concentrations. Statistical analyses found that agricultural intensity and use of sewer water for irrigation significantly increased nitrate pollution levels. Among vegetables, radish and spinach had the highest nitrate levels in winter (>5000 ppm), while eggplant was highest in summer (~2000 ppm). Soil nitrate accumulation was widespread at depths of 2-3 feet and higher in sandy clay loam soils. Drinking water sources like shallow wells and tube wells had more nitrate pollution compared to deep wells and were more impacted by agriculture and
Scales
The document summarizes key aspects of fish skin and scales as well as skeletal muscles. It describes the main types of scales found in fish like ganoid, leptoid, placoid and cosmoid scales, and how they can vary in size and structure between species and sexes. The functions of scales and skin are outlined. Skeletal muscles are described including muscle fiber anatomy, sarcomere structure, sliding filament model of contraction, and how nerves stimulate muscles via the neuromuscular junction and motor units.
Save earth from pollution
i) This presentation discusses the greenhouse effect and how it is causing destruction of the Earth. A layer of carbon dioxide surrounds the Earth and works like a greenhouse, trapping heat waves.
ii) Deforestation and ozone depletion are exacerbating the problem. Trees absorb CO2 and produce oxygen, while ozone is thickening due to vehicle emissions and chlorofluorocarbons.
iii) We can save the Earth by planting more trees, stopping use of CFC products, and keeping the planet clean, as the Earth is our home.
Presentation2
Hershey and Chase conducted an experiment to determine if DNA or protein was the hereditary material of phages. They exposed phages to radioactive proteins or DNA, agitated them to remove unattached material, then lysed the phages. Only the phages exposed to radioactive DNA showed radioactivity, demonstrating that DNA rather than protein carries the genetic information of phages.
Presentation1kiu
A virus inserts its DNA into a host cell and uses the cell's machinery to replicate itself until it has produced enough copies to cause the cell to burst open, or lyse. The virus is then able to infect new host cells by repeating this life cycle of inserting DNA, replicating itself using the host cell, and ultimately causing lysis to release new virus particles.
Synopsis on toxoplasmosis
This document discusses a study that analyzed the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goat populations in agricultural areas between the Cholistan desert and River Indus in lower Punjab, Pakistan. It also provides brief information about the common gundi rodent, including its distribution, family, and biological name.
An assessment of environmental impact of sugar mills
The document analyzes the environmental impact of sugar mills in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. It studies multiple sugar mills and analyzes water and soil parameters like electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonates, SAR, chlorides, pH, and soil saturation near the mills. The results found that most mills exceeded permissible limits for many water parameters, with Humza Sugar Mills having particularly high EC, sodium, chlorides, and SAR levels in surrounding water sources. Soil samples also exceeded limits for EC and had high pH levels near mill disposal areas. The study aims to evaluate how the growing sugar industry is affecting local water and soil quality.
Scales
The document summarizes key aspects of fish scales and skeletal muscles. It describes the main types of scales in fish (ganoid, leptoid, placoid, cosmoid) and how they can vary in size and structure between species and sexes. It also outlines the main functions of scales, including protection, roles in swimming and identification. The document then discusses the structure and function of skeletal muscles in fish, including muscle fiber anatomy, the sliding filament model of contraction, and how muscles are innervated and receive blood supply via motor units.
Fish reproduction
The document summarizes different aspects of fish reproduction, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. It discusses types of hermaphroditism, modes of sexual reproduction such as oviparity and viviparity, clutch sizes, courtship behaviors, sexual dimorphism, and various strategies for protecting eggs and young, such as mouth brooding, external brooding, gill brooding, and nest building. Sexual maturity varies widely between species, from shortly after birth to over 10 years of age depending on size, lifespan, and other factors.
An assessment of environmental impact of sugar mills
The document analyzes the environmental impact of sugar mills in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. It studies multiple sugar mills and analyzes water and soil parameters like electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonates, SAR, pH, and chlorides at each mill. The results show that most mills have high levels of salts, sodium, and other parameters in both water and soil samples compared to permissible limits, indicating pollution from sugar mill waste is affecting water and soil quality. Graphs show increasing trends of pollution parameters over time at individual mill sites. The study concludes sugar industry waste is negatively impacting the local environment.
Synopsis on toxoplasmosis
This document discusses a study that analyzed the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goat populations in agricultural areas between the Cholistan desert and River Indus in lower Punjab, Pakistan. It also provides brief information about the common gundi rodent, including its distribution, family, and biological name.
Save earth from pollution
i) This presentation discusses the greenhouse effect and how it is causing destruction of the Earth. A layer of carbon dioxide surrounds the Earth and works like a greenhouse, trapping heat waves.
ii) Deforestation and ozone depletion are also problems. Chopping down forests increases carbon dioxide while activities like burning fossil fuels and CFC emissions thin the ozone layer.
iii) We can save the Earth by planting more trees, stopping CFC use, and keeping the planet clean as we do our homes. An organization called MUSKEETERS teaches children how to do this important work.
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- 3. Reproduction – general environmental regulation Reproduction, Early Life Stages, Growth brain gonad Fish pituitary steroid hormones Environment seasonal photoperiod profile seasonal temperature profile food availability contaminants other liver LH FSH • androgens • estrogens Vg gonadal development • progestins
- 4. Reproduction – hormones that control release of gametes Reproduction, Early Life Stages, Growth Brain Pit Gonad dopamine - LHRH + LH Gametes
- 7. Reproduction – captive induced spawning Reproduction, Early Life Stages, Growth MIH MIH R.W. Rottmann et al. 1991 LHRH = GnRH
- 8. Reproduction – captive induced spawning Reproduction, Early Life Stages, Growth R.W. Rottmann et al. 1991 MIH hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin