The document distinguishes between finite and non-finite verbs in English grammar, highlighting their definitions, functions, and examples. Finite verbs change according to the subject and tense, while non-finite verbs remain unchanged and can serve as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. It also explains the types of non-finite verbs, including gerunds, infinitives, and participles, with illustrative examples for each category.

1. Finite and non-finite verbs
English Grammar

2. Basic Difference (Placement of
verbs)
 Ram went to market to purchase groceries
 Sheetal ran fast to won first prize
(First Verb – Just after Subject;
Second Verb – Elsewhere in the sentence)
Other Examples:
 She studies English to improve her communication skills.
 They study English to score high in examination.
 He has studied English to get a good job.
 I am studying English to impress my girlfriend.
(Observe the change in first verb – depends on ??)

3. Verb
 Finite Verb: A verb which is used according
to the subject and tense.
– Comes after the subject
– Changes according to Singular/ Plural subject
– Changes according to the tense of the sentence/
clause
Finite Verb Non Finite Verb

4. Important to Know
 Joseph was eating food and watching T.V.
(Both verbs are joined by conjunction so both are
Finite Verbs)
 Akshita along with her friends came to meet
Surabhi.
(Do not consider phrase (if any) between subject
and first verb)

5.  Non-Finite/ Infinite Verb: A verb that is not
changed according to the subject or tense.
– Comes without subject in a sentence/ clause
– Used as Noun/ Adjective/ Adverb
– Normally used with “to”
Examples:
– I want to go to school.
– Jatin wants to go to school.
– They wanted to go to the school.
– They made me weep

7. Types of Non-Finite Verbs

8. Gerund
(Verb+ ing) having the function of a noun is
called Gerund or Verbal noun.
Example:
Meena enjoys watching TV.
Main verb Gerund

9. Gerund can have the following
functions in a sentence
 As the subject
– Eating is good for health.
(Subject)
 As the object
– I mind making noise.
(Object)
 As the object of preposition
– Divya thinks about going to Kerala.
(O. of Pre)

10. Infinitive
To + verb or only base form of the verb
which has the function of a noun is called
Infinitive.
Example:
She likes to play soccer.
I want to get married.
David and I agreed to meet at 4 o’clock.
The weather is too hot to play soccer.
The class is big enough to study in it.

11. Participle
 Present Participle: When “Verb-I + ing” work as
adjective
Example:
– I found children sleeping
– The ship sinks in the rising waves
 Past Participle: When “Verb-III” work as adjective
Example:
– No educated person was there
– It is a part of broken jar

12. Participle
 Perfect Participle: “Having + Verb-III”. When
verb works as adjective as well as indicate that
work is done/ completed.
Example:
– Having done my duty, I went home.
– Having finished my class, I got spare time for
playing.

13. Thank you !!
Any Queries/ Doubts??