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2. 2
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2
1.5
0.2
0.3
3
2
0.3
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Millions
FY18 FY19
Machine 2
Building 1
Building 2
Machine 1
67% 32% 78%
21%
% Increase / Decrease
over Previous year
Capex Summary
(Option 1 of 2)
3. Capex Summary (Option 2 of 2 )3
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2
1.5
0.2
0.3
3
2
0.3
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Millions
FY18 FY19
Machine 2
Building 1
Building 2
Machine 1
67% 32% 78%
21%
% Increase / Decrease over Previous year
4. $500,000
Repairing an Existing Asset so as to
Improve its Useful Life
$300,000
Restoring Property or Adapting it to a
New or Different Use
$300,000
Acquiring Fixed, & in Some Cases,
Intangible Assets
Upgrading an Existing Asset if it
Results in a Superior Fixture
$800,000
$600,000
Preparing an Asset to be Used in BusinessStarting or Acquiring a New Business
$400,000
4
Capital Expenditure Details – FY 18
5. Capital Expenditure
Valuation Methods
Discounted Payback Period
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Internal Rate of Return
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Net Present Value Method
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5
6. Discounted Payback Period6
Instead of Normal Cash Inflows,
DCF is Employed to Calculate
the Payback Period
Time Required to Recover the
Initial Cost of Investment Through
Discounted Inflows of a Project
Advantages
It is Easy to Understand & Calculate
This Method Helps in Selection of a Profitable
Project from Among Mutually Exclusive
Projects Very Easily
It Takes into Account the Time Value of Money
Disadvantages
It Does not Take into Account the Cash Inflows that
Occur After the Payback Period
Selection of Appropriate Rate for Discounting the
Cash Flows is Another Problem
7. Discounted Payback Period – Valuation Summary7
Year
Cash Inflows
(Rs) (A)
PV Factor at
10% (B)
Present
Value (A*B)
Cumulative PV
of Cash Inlows
1 12,000 0.909 10,908 10,908
2 14,000 0.826 11,564 22,472
3 16,000 0.751 12,016 34,488
4 15,000 0.683 10,245 44,733
5 14,000 0.621 8,694 53,427
3 years + ( 43000 – 34,488) /10245
3 years + 0.83 years
3.83 years
Discounted
Payback Period
Rs 43,000
Cost of the Project
Year
Cash
Inflows
PV Factor
at 10%
1 12,000 0.909
2 14,000 0.826
3 16,000 0.751
4 15,000 0.683
5 14,000 0.621
Solution: Computation of Discounted Payback Period
8. 88
Net Present
Value Method
Sum of PV of Cash Inflows - Sum of PV of Cash Outflows
Calculation
Under this Method a Stipulated Rate of Interest,
Usually the Cost of Capital, is used to Discount the
Cash Inflows
Rules to Accept or Reject a Project
NPV < 0
NPV > 0
NPV = 0
Reject the Project
Accept the Project
Be Indifferent
9. Selection of Project Under Mutually
Exclusive Projects is Easy
Takes into Account the Entire
Series of Cash Flows for Analysis
Recognizes the Time Value of Money
Advantages
Selection of the Discount Rate for
Discounting of Cash Inflows is a Problem
Difficult to Understand & Calculate
Disadvantages
NPV Advantages & Disadvantages9
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10. Net Present Value – Valuation Summary10
2,54,680 – 2,00,000
= Rs 54,680
NPV
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Year
Cash
Inflows (Rs)(A)
PV Factor
at 10%(B)
Present
Value(A*B)
1 1,10,000 0.909 99,990
2 1,60,000 0.826 1,32,160
3 30,000 0.751 22,530
2,54,680
11. 11
Internal Rate
of Return
The Rate of Discount which Equates the
Present Value of Expected Cash Inflows from
a Project with Present Value of Cash Outflow
It is the Rate which Makes the Net Present
Value of a Project Equal to Zero
Accept the Project
Reject the Project
Be Indifferent
IRR > Cost of Capital
IRR < Cost of Capital
IRR = Cost of Capital
Rules
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12. Internal Rate of Return12
Advantages Disadvantages
It Considers Cash Inflows &
Cash Outflows Over the Entire
Life of the Project
It Recognizes the Time
Value of Money
In Case of Mutually
Exclusive Projects, it Helps
Select a Project Very Easily
It Involves Lengthy &
Tedious Calculations
Sometimes a Project may
have Multiple IRR which
Confuses Users
Projects Selected on the
Basis of Higher IRR may not
be Profitable in all Cases
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13. Internal Rate of Return – Valuation Summary13
Alternatively, Simple Interpolation Method
11.34 %IRR
( IRR – 11 ) / 12-11 ( 3.08 – 3.1024 ) / 3.0373 - 3.1024=
( IRR – 11 ) / 1 ( -0.0224 ) / (- 0.0651)=
IRR – 11 0.34=
Rate Discount Factor
11% 3.1024
IRR 3.08
12% 3.0373
IRR is 11% Which Corresponds to 3.1024
The Nearest Value
Corresponding to 3.08 in
the Present Value of
Annuity Table for 4 years
3.1024
3.08
40000
13000
Payback
Period
Initial Investment
Annual Cash Inflow
14. Valuation Method Results Comments
Discounted
Payback Period
3.83 Years
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Net
Present Value
54,680
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Internal Rate
of Return
11.34%
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Valuation Methods
Comparison
Discounted Payback Period
The Most Suitable Choice for Valuation
14
17. Line Chart17
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Product 01
Product 02
5
10
25
15
95
35
55
25
65 65
75
98
7
25
15
35
25
55
35
65
85
45
85
50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
InPercentage
2019
18. 18
Our Creative
Team
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Designation
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19. About Us
Target Audiences
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Preferred by Many
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Value Clients
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20. 10%
Minimum
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Maximum
70%
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Financial20
21. -Steve Jobs
Great Things are not Done
by One Person. They’re Done
by a Team of People.
Quotes
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23. 23
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