Final presentation 52nd International session For Young Participants

THE 52nd INTERNATIONAL SESSION FOR YOUNG PARTICIPANTS
16-30 June 2012

“The Enhancement of the Principles of Democracy within the Olympic Movement”

©Marjory MALBERT – The 52nd International Session for Young Participants – June 2012

AGENDA

The Olympic Movement Conferences / Lectures /
Group Discussions

The International Olympic How to reinforce Olympic
Academy (IOA) Culture

The 52nd International Session
for Young Participants Sport & Social Activities

The Young French Participants Memories from the Session

©Marjory MALBERT – The 52nd International Session for Young Participants – June 2012 2

THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
3

OLYMPISM & OLYMPIC VALUES

"Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced
whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and
education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in
effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal
fundamental ethical principles."
Olympic Charter, Fundamental principles, paragraph 2

EXCELLENCE "Striving for excellence in all that we do"

RESPECT "Respecting ourselves, each other and the rules"

FRIENDSHIP "Living in friendship and peace“

4

OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
The Olympic Movement comprises :
 The IOC : Supreme authority of the Olympic Movement (Created on 23 June 1894)
 The National Olympic Committees (NOCs) :
 Develop, promote and protect the Olympic Movement in their respective countries.
 Select and designate the city which may apply to organize Olympic Games in their
respective countries.
 Send athletes to the Games.
 The International Sports Federations (IFs) :
 International non-governmental organizations which administering one or several
sports at world level and encompassing organizations administering such sports at
national level
The goal of the Olympic Movement is to
contribute to building a peaceful and better
world by educating youth through sport  International Olympic Academy (IOA) and the National Olympic
practiced without discrimination or any kind, Academies (NOA)
in a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair  The athletes
play.
 The Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs)
 Ensure the regular celebration of the Olympic Games
 Support all affiliated member organizations of the Olympic Movement
 Encourage the promotion of the Olympic values.
Its Activities

 Promoting sport and competitions through the intermediary of national and international sports institutions
worldwide.
 Cooperation with public and private organizations to place sport at the service of mankind.
 Assistance to develop "Sport for All".
 Advancement of women in sport at all levels and in all structures, with a view to achieving equality between men and
women. Help in the development of sport for all.
 Opposition to all forms of commercial exploitation of sport and athletes.
 The fight against doping.
 Promoting sports ethics and fair play.
 Raising awareness of environmental problems.
 Financial and educational support for developing countries through the IOC institution Olympic Solidarity.

THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY
6

HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY
1927 : Pierre de Coubertin was invited by the Greek government to Olympia, to attend the unveiling of a commemorative
stele created in order to honour his actions to revive the Olympic Games. He discussed the need for an academic centre for
the study of the Olympic Movement and its trends with his friend Ioannis CHRYSAFIS, who headed the Department of
Physical Education at the University of Athens.

Objectives : To set up an academic centre modeled after the ancient Gymnasium, to lay down the foundations for
the educational value of sport by carrying out studies and organizing classical games.

1939 : The IOC placed the IOA under its auspices during the 39th IOC Session in London.

14th of June 1961 : The International Olympic Academy was officially inaugurated and the first annual International Session
for Young participants was held. In addition, the IOA received the Bonacosa Award.

1994 : New conference halls, a library and administration building are added to the IOA facilities in Ancient Olympia.

2003 : The IOA becomes an autonomous legal entity of private law.

“Those who serve the Olympic Idea share in the most beautiful cultural heritage of the people;
i.e. in classical education, born in a country to become the property of the world.
Greece wishes simply to remain its faithful servant.”
Nikolaos NISSIOTIS
President of the IOA (1977-1986)

“The IOA constitutes the intellectual expression of the Olympic Movement,
which represents one of the finest aspects of the universal intellectual tradition.”
Lambis NIKOLAOU
Vice-President of the IOC (2005 -2009)
Member of the IOC (1986 - )
President of the HOC (1985-1992, 1997-2004)

Its Mission

 To function as an International Academic Centre for Olympic Studies, Education and Research
 To act as an International Forum for free expression and exchange of ideas among the Olympic Family,
intellectuals, scientists, athletes, sport administrators, artists and the youth of the world
 To bring together people from all over the world, in a spirit of friendship and cooperation
 To motivate people to use the experience and knowledge gained in the IOA productively, in promoting the
Olympic Ideals in their respective countries
 To serve and promote the Ideals and principles of the Olympic Movement
 To cooperate with and assist the National Olympic Academies and any other institutions devoted to Olympic
Education
 To further explore and enhance the contribution of Olympism to humanity
Thanks to the IOA, 143 national
academies were created
Its Vision

 To explore and enhance the contribution of Olympism to humanity in the 21st Century

“Defending and promoting the Olympic Ideal from both the sporting and the cultural point of view must be a
task that we all share.” - J. ROGGE, President of the IOC

Prof. Konstantinos GEORGIADIS - IOA Honorary Dean
Dr Isidoros KOUVELOS – Pdt IOA
Prof. Dionyssis Gangas – IOA Director



Sport fields, administrative offices, 116 rooms, 1 restaurant

A modern conference center, a library


IOA EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES
 International Session for YOUNG PARTICIPANTS
 International Seminar on Olympic Studies for POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS
 International Session for DIRECTORS OF NOAS
 Joint International Session for PRESIDENTS OR DIRECTORS OF NOAS AND OFFICIALS OF NOCS
 International Session for EDUCATORS AND OFFICIALS OF HIGHER INSTITUTES OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
 International Session for SPORTS JOURNALISTS
 International Session for OLYMPIC MEDALLISTS
 MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAMME “Olympic Studies, Olympic Education, Organization and Management
of Olympic Events.”
 Special Sessions for INSTITUTIONS RELATED WITH OLYMPISM : National Olympic Committees, National
Olympic Academies, International Sport Federation, F.I.E.P, Sport Medical Societies, Unions of Coaches,
Referees, Sports Administrators, …
 Special Sessions for INSTITUTIONS INDIRECTLY RELATED WITH OLYMPISM (C.I.S.M, Teachers, …)
aiming to promote the Olympic Ideal
 EDUCATIONAL VISITS OF GROUPS from various institutions (Universities, Graduate School, schools,
Sports Clubs)
 VISIT OF RESEARCHERS OF OLYMPIC SUBJECTS
 CONFERENCE OF SPORTS SCIENCE

 PIONEER IN OLYMPIC EDUCATION


IOA PUBLICATIONS
To promote IOA scientific research:

 Publication of each session

 1995:
 as part of the Olympic Education Program, it has published a textbook
 began to inventory its records and those of the Hellenic National Committee

 In cooperation with Olympic Solidarity : IOA has published three books


THE IOA AND THE YOUTH OLYMPIC GAMES


THE 52nd INTERNATIONAL SESSION FOR YOUNG
PARTICIPANTS
14

INTERNATIONAL SESSION FOR YOUNG PARTICIPANTS

 An international forum for free expression and exchange of ideas

 Multicultural environment

Objectives :
 To educate, to motivate young people to use their experiences and
knowledge gained from the Session productively in promoting the
Olympics Ideals and educating others in their own countries

 2 weeks annual session (June or July)
 Students, Olympic athletes, people active in sport, teaching or active
in their respective NOCs or NOAs

 To apply for the Session : http://www.ioa.org.gr/fr/topic/young_participants

 Main topic : OLYMPISM  Extracurricular activities :
 Lectures, question and answer sessions, group  Sports tournaments
discussion meetings, presentations by the  Art, song, dance, poetry and literature
participants, fields trips to archaeological sites and workshops
museums, and research in the library  Social evenings
 The conclusions of the group discussions form a
consolidated report. The IOA publishes the proceedings
of each session


26 COORDINATORS / 18 COUNTRIES

Hallo Hallo Hallo

Tere здраво
Hallo здравей Hallo Olá

γειά σου Hallo Bonjour

Olá Hallo Hallo ‫שלום‬
Ayubowa 你好
n

Master’s Degree Programme "Olympic Studies, Olympic Education, Organization and Management of Olympic Events"

180 PARTICIPANTS FROM 100 COUNTRIES


DIFFERENT PROFILES / CULTURES

Marie-Hélène CAYER
Coordinator, Marketing & Communication
Paralympics Canada
Sandra MJÖLL JÓNSDÓTTIR BUCH
Taekwondo communication & promotion

Camille RICAUD
French University Sports Federation
Justin O’CONNELL
Coordinator of Operations,
Olympic Training CenterSports

Nobukatsu SUGINAMI
Iris GONZALEZ GORDILLO Judo Federation
Student Xiaoying WANG
Ornit SHWARTZ. China NOC
Former basketball player
Maitreyee BANERJEE
Ximena MATA
Rowing / NOA
Municipal Institute for Sports
Ouma Kaltoum GUINDO
Student / Basketball player

Sebastian AMARILLA Sara CARRIGAN
Student Gold Medals - OG Athens 2004
Sara MC’INTOSH
2 medals Horse jumping YOG Singapore Moss BURMESTER
©Marjory MALBERT – The 52nd International Session for Young Participants – June 2012 Retire Swimmer

THE YOUNG FRENCH PARTICIPANTS
2
©Marjory MALBERT – The 52nd International Session for Young Participants – June 2012 0

YOUNG FRENCH PARTICIPANTS Ms Marjory MALBERT – 31 years old
1. Volunteer within the French
Federation of Sport in Business
(FFSE)
2. Volunteer for the 1st Winter Youth
Olympic Games in Innsbruck in
2012
3. Competed in tennis and swimming

Paris

Lyon

Montpellier

Ms Marie-Christine PLASSE – 31 years old
1. Departmental Committee Sports Olympic
Youth (CDOJ) created to educate youth
about the Olympic culture, encouraging
them to get involved in their local
community, giving them a voice so they
can express their desires and implement
project
2. Competed in high-jump

Pour plus d’informations sur
M. Camille RICAUD – 31 years old
l’Académie Nationale Olympique
1. Treasurer of the French University
Française (Cliquez ici) Sports Federation (FFSU)
2. Competed in boxing

OBJECTIVES OF YOUNG PARTICIPANTS

IN OLYMPIA
 Represent France and NOA within the IOA
 Bring ideas, proposals for action
 Promote French language : speak French, ask question in French, talk about French culture…

AFTER THE SESSION
 Make a report / an overview of the Session : feelings, topics covered during the lectures and discussions, reflections
and ideas
 Participants must present the report to members of NOA
 Integrate the “Commission Nationale des Relais d’Olympie” (CNRO) within the French National Olympic Academy
(ANOF)
 Get involved in the CNRO and ANOF :
 Attend meetings regularly (at least in one year, and within 3 years after the session) and / or invest in projects
of the said commission

This involvement must also be orientated towards the actions of the ANOF. Its activities are organized around two themes:
 Legacy ("Memory of the sports world“)
 Education (I.e : Olympic Youth Camp)

Participation in these activities can be done at different levels (from local to national) and in different forms (represented in
the ANOF conferences or sporting values-based, locally to help the development of educational projects, the Olympic
organizing camps, to develop educational, etc ...).


FRENCH : FIRST OFFICIAL OLYMPIC AND IOC LANGUAGE

For each Olympics, the International Olympic Committee advocates the use of three languages: French, English,
and language of the host country.

Olympic Charter, Article 24:
1. The official languages of the IOC are French and English.

2. At all sessions, simultaneous interpretation must be provided in English, French, German, Spanish, Russian and
Arabic.

3. In case of discrepancy between the French and the English texts of the Olympic Charter and any other IOC
document, the French text shall prevail unless expressly provided otherwise in writing.

PIERRE DE COUBERTIN : The founder of the modern Olympics
He renovated the Olympic Games
« Je souhaite mettre le sport au service du développement harmonieux de l'humanité et
contribuer à l'établissement d'un monde pacifique. »

With a population of over 890 million and 220 million French speakers worldwide, the
International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF) mission is to embody an active
solidarity between the 75 States and governments that compose it (56 members and 19
observers) - more than a third of UN Member States.


FRENCH SPEAKERS

 Group of 14 persons :
 3 French
 3 Swiss
 2 Guinea
 1 Mali
 1 Senegal
 1 Tunisia
 1 Swedish
 1 Canadian
 1 Romania

 Other persons who speak
French [Learned at School]
 2 Seychelles
 2 German
 1 Peruvian
 2 Greeks
 1 Spanish
 1 Thai

 Other persons who would
like to learn and speak French
 Namibian, Uruguayan,
Korean, Portuguese,
Norwegian


FRENCH SPEAKERS “INFLUENCERS”

Canada
Norway
Sweden
Ukrainia

Roumania
Germany
France Switzerland
South Korea
Spain Greece

Portugal Tunisie Israel
Tappei

Mali
Senegal
Thaliand

Guinea

Peru The Seychelles

Namibia

Uruguay


WAYS TO PROMOTE FRENCH LANGUAGE ?
OBSERVATION :
 In Olympia, French speakers were a small group (14), about 8% of the participants.
 Half of French speakers do not speak English
 Spanish and Chinese speakers are getting more numerous
 People who work within the Olympic Movement are more sensitive to the French language

BASIC POINTS TO SUCCEED IN :
 French people should be conscious of their history and legacy
 Be proud of their country and their values

 French Speaker participants must promote French Language
as the main actor !

COMMUNICATION :
 We should talk to the French language in a positive way
 I.E : By using it in the activities taking place throughout the world

 French Culture Education at school is important

 The YOUTH OLYMPIC GAMES should be a place to promote French language and the Founder of the modern
Olympics : Pierre de Coubertin

 FOR SURE, PEOPLE LIKE FRENCH PEOPLE, CULTURE, MUSIC AND LANGUAGE !


CONFERENCES / LECTURES / GROUP DISCUSSIONS
27

LECTURES
 Prof. Stephen G. MILLER (USA), President of the Society for the Revival of the Nemean Games, Professor
Emeritus at the University of Berkeley in California, USA:
 “THE ANCIENT OLYMPICS AND THE BIRTH OF DEMOCRATY.”

 Prof. Maria BULATOVA (UKR), President of the National Olympic Academy of Ukraine
 “WOMEN, SPORT AND DEMOCRATY”

 Prof. Dr Mark DYRESON (USA), Professor of Kinesiology and History at the Pennsylvania State University,
USA,:
 “SPORT, COMMUNITY AND DEMOCRATY AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES”

 Dr Constantinos FILIS (GRE), Director of the International Olympic Truce Centre
 “THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC TRUCE
CENTRE”

 Dr Barbara KEYS (AUS), Senior Lecturer in history in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at
the University of Melbourne, Australia:
 “OLYMPIC GAMES : SPREADING DEMOCRACY AND OLYMPIC VALUES VERSUS
COMMERCIALIZATION”

 Prof. Kazuo UCHIUMI (JAP), Professor of Sociology of Sport at the Hiroshima University of Economics,
Japan:
 “OLYMPIC MOVEMENT, WELFARE, PEACE”


LECTURES

 Prof. Dr Bruce KIDD (CAN), Professor of Kinesiology and Physical Education at the Universitiy of Toronto,
Canada
 “ATHLETES RIGHTS: THE EMPOWERMENT OF ATHLETES’ STATUS IN THE
OLYMPIC MOVEMENT”

 Prof. Dr Margaret TALBOT (GBR), President of the International Council of Sport Science and Physical
Education (ICSSPE), Berlin, Germany:
 “OLYMPIC IDEALS AND DEMOCRACY”

 Mr Sam RAMSAMY (RSA), IOC Member, Vice President of FINA, Chairman of the IOC Commission Sport
for All, Member of the IOC Executive Board:
 OLYMPIC UNIVERSALISM AND APARTHEID ISSUE”

 Prof. Dr Gylton B. DA MATTA (USA), Professor at the Sport Exercise Dept. at the University of Northern
Colorado, USA:
 “THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN THE DEMOCRATIZATION
PROCESS OF SCHOOLS”

 Prof. Dr Otmar WEISS (AUT), Head of the Dept. of Sport Sociology, Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Sports
Sciences at the University of Vienna, Austria
 “(DEMOCRATIC) VALUES AND IDENTITY IN SPORT. TOWARDS THE EFFECT OF
THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT ON SPORT IDENTITIES.”


THE DEMOCRACY
What is Democracy ?
 δημοκρατία (dēmokratía) "rule of the people",
 δῆμος (dēmos) "people“
 -κρατία (-kratia) "rule"

Democracy as a system of governance must allow broad representation and include the largest possible number
of people and opinions that would feed into the functioning of a just and equitable society.
People can express their opinions, both for freedom of expression and by voting for or against.
However, its implementation and interpretation are not so simple

DEMOCRACY ISSUES ARE A SENSITIVE SUBJECT

 Points of view are different depending on background, interest,…
 Often the dilemma is rooted in culture rather than religion.

 LONG-TERM WORK AND SENSIBILIZATION


THE DEMOCRACY WITHIN THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF OLYMPISM

The OLYMPIC CHARTER includes, among others, three principles that are essential to the relationship between
democracy and the Olympic ideals and the implementation of these ideals

4. THE PRACTICE OF SPORT IS A HUMAN RIGHT. Every individual must have the possibility of
practicing sport, without discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual
understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play. The organization, administration and
management of sport must be controlled by independent sports organizations.

5. ANY FORM OF DISCRIMINATION with regard to a country or a person on grounds of race, religion,
politics, gender or otherwise is incompatible with belonging to the Olympic Movement.

6. Belonging to the Olympic Movement REQUIRES COMPLIANCE WITH THE OLYMPIC CHARTER AND
RECOGNITION BY THE IOC.

Principles 4 and 6 are strong positions that support the right of everyone to practice the sport. This principle is
reflected in both the ideologies and democratic Olympics Ideals, the leaders of democratic organizations and
Olympic fighting for their implementation.


WHY SHOULD WE PROMOTE DEMOCRACY WITHIN THE
OLYMPIC MOVEMENT ?

 Promote fundamental Democratic principles : "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
 Promote Human Rights
 Promote Right to Freedom of Expression
 Fight against intolerance, discrimination, racism

 Promote Gender equality = “1 men for 1 women”

 Promote Right to Information
 Promote Right to Defense
 Improve social and living conditions

 SPORT FOR ALL

 SPORT IS AN UNIVESRSAL LANGUAGE


DISCUSSION/ISSUES ABOUT DEMOCRACY
Women/Men Promote values Avoid Doping
Election of the Host Cities

Athletes’ rights Is sport the true hope for mankind?

Role of people with disabilities Clothing/Apparel to sports

Young & Young Education
Formation & Athletes Sport decisions Programmes Athletes’ defense : Fair and impartial trial?


KEY SUCCESS FACTORS TO SUCCEED IN ENHANCING
DEMOCRATY WITHIN THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
 Determine specificities/issues (education, culture…)
 ALL STAKEHOLDERS SHOULD WORK TOGETHER
 Olympic Movement, Athletes
 Parents, Field of Education…
 Governments
 Women / Men / Young
 Olympic and Paralympic’ athletes
 Young Participants International Olympic Academy
 Sponsors

 ESTABLISH A WORLD STRATEGY AND RELAY IT TO A LOCAL PLACE
 More Communication about Olympic Values
 Grassroots projects
 More representative : Women, Young, Disabled persons… in the top high
levels
 Ambassadors (i.e: athletes)
 Social medias (activation)
 Young participants (IOA)
 Should play a major role

 PROMOTE SPORTS AT SCHOOL and its VALUES (Cf. Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon
model)
 Peace, Friendship, Fair-play, Respect
 Learning to know each others and knowing better how to live and work
together

 Promote new events / new sponsorships
 I.e : Continue with the growing of the YOUTH OLYMPIC GAMES :
 “Be Part Of It”

 SENSIBILIZATION, AMBASSADORS, EVENTS…

IMPIDEMENTS

 Money / “Capitalism” system

 Sponsors pressure

 Sport mediatization

 The Olympic Movement remains a private organization
 Issues : to interfere, weight the pros and the cons

 Difficult to change attitudes / Fear of changes

 Sport is only a tool, as Truce with Peace

 Governments/ Sportive institutions


HOW TO PROMOTE OLYMPISM ?
36

HOW TO REVIVE THE OLYMPICS GAMES AND PROMOTE VALUES

Opening
Ceremony
PANATHENAÏC
STADIUM

Closing Torch
Ceremony Relay

OLYMPIA
DELPHI
STADIUM

Swimming Nemean
Gala Games
NEMEA

Track and
Field



Opening
Ceremony
PANATHENAÏC
STADIUM

Closing Torch
Ceremony Relay

OLYMPIA
DELPHI
STADIUM

Swimming Nemea
Gala Games
NEMEA

Track and
Field


VISITS
Welcoming worlds
PANATHENAIC STADIUM ATHENS - Καλλιμάρμαρο OLYMPIA STADIUM

In ancient times, the stadium was used to host the The stadium was a holy place for the ancient Greeks, as
athletic portion of the Panathenaic Games, in honor of this is where sporting activities dedicated to Zeus were held.
the Goddess Athena. It is located to the east of the sanctuary of Zeus. It was the
Hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. location of many of the sporting events at the Ancient
The Panathinaiko is the only major stadium in the world Olympic Games.
built entirely of white marble (from Mount Penteli) and
one of the oldest stadiums in the world.


VISITS
Welcoming worlds
NEMEE - Νεμέα ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE - DELPHI

In Greek mythology, Delphi was the site of the Delphic
oracle, the most important oracle in the classical Greek
world, and a major site for the worship of the god Apollo
Ancient site in the northeastern part of the after he slew the Python, a dragon who lived there and
Peloponnese. Formerly part of the territory of protected the navel of the Earth.
Cleonae in Argolis, it is today part of the prefecture Apollo's sacred precinct in Delphi was a panhellenic
of Corinthia. sanctuary, where every four years, starting in 776 BC
athletes from all over the Greek world competed in the
Pythian Games, one of the four panhellenic (or stephanitic)
games, precursors of the Modern Olympics. Delphi was
set apart from the other games sites because it hosted the
mousikos agon, musical competitions.



Opening
Ceremony
Panathenaïc
Stadium

Closing Torch
Ceremony Relay

Olympia
Delphi
Stadium

Swimming Nemean
Gala Games
Nemea

Track and
Field


OPENING AND CLOSING CEREMONIES

Welcoming Speech
Commemorative Picture – International Olympic Academy – Olympia

Commemorative Picture – Hill of PNYX – Athens Commemorative Stele Graduation
Pierre de Coubertin


OLYMPIC FLAME / TORCH RELAY : June 22

The Olympic Flame is a symbol of the Olympic Games. Commemorating the theft of
fire from the Greek god Zeus by Prometheus, its origins lie in ancient Greece, where a
fire was kept burning throughout the celebration of the ancient Olympics. The fire was
reintroduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, and it has been part of the
modern Olympic Games ever since.

The Olympic Torch today is ignited several months before the opening ceremony of the
Olympic Games at the site of the ancient Olympics in Olympia, Greece. Eleven
women, representing the Vestal Virgins, perform a ceremony in which the torch is
kindled by the light of the Sun, its rays concentrated by a parabolic mirror.
The Olympic Torch Relay ends on the day of the opening ceremony in the central
stadium of the Games. The final carrier is often kept unannounced until the last
moment, and is usually a sports celebrity of the host country. The final bearer of the
torch runs towards the cauldron, often placed at the top of a grand staircase, and then
uses the torch to start the flame in the stadium. It is considered a great honor to be
asked to light the Olympic Flame. After being lit, the flame continues to burn throughout
the Olympics, and is extinguished on the day of the closing ceremony.


NEMEAN GAMES : June 23

The Nemean Games were one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, and
were held at Nemea every two years (or every third).
With the Isthmian Games, the Nemean Games were held both the year before and the
year after the Olympic Games and the Pythian Games in the third year of the Olympiad
cycle. Like the Olympic Games, they were held in honour of Zeus. They were said to
have been founded by Heracles after he defeated the Nemean Lion: another myth said
that they originated as the funeral games of a child named Opheltes. However, they
are known to have existed only since the 6th century BC (from 573 BC, or earlier). The
winners received a wreath of wild celery leaves from the city of Argos.

THE MODERN NEMEAN GAMES
The Society for the Revival of the Nemean Games was founded in 1994, after more
than 20 years of archaeological excavation at Nemea. The contemporary games, held
every four years since 1996, are a form of popular education in history, as well as a
counter to the commercialism of the modern Olympics. Races are organized according
to age and gender, open to international participation. No medals are awarded, only
crowns of palm branches and wild celery.
People clad in tunics raced barefoot in the ruins of the ancient stadium. Two races
were staged for the runners aged from 10 to 80, one of 100 metres (110 yards) and the
other of 7.5 kilometres. The most striking feature of this attempt was the revival of the
Hoplitodromos race.


TRACK AND FIELD - ANCIENT OLYMPICS : June 27

Track events included the stade race – the ancient version of a sprint – as participants
ran from one end of the track to the other (approximately 200 meters). There was also
a two-stade race (approximately 400 meters), as well as a long-distance run (ranging
from seven to 24 stades).

Field events, which resembled their modern equivalents, included the long jump,
discus, shot put and javelin. The five-sport pentathlon included wrestling along with the
discus, javelin, long jump and a sprint.
Olympic Games also featured boxing, equestrian events and pankration, a combination
of boxing and wrestling.

Contrary to the spirit of gentlemanly amateurism that prevailed when the modern
Olympic Games began, ancient Olympians prized victory highly. Olympic champions
expected, and often received, great rewards from their home cities. Indeed, winners
often lived the rest of their lives at public expense. As the Greek poet Pindar wrote,
“For the rest of his life the victor enjoys a honey-sweet calm.”


SWIMMING GALA : June 27


SPORTS & SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
47

SPORT ACTIVITIES

TEAM sports

Volley-Ball
Basketball
Football

Individual sports

Table Tennis
Tennis

The Most Important is To PARTICIPATE. Pierre de Coubertin

SOCIAL EVENINGS


ART, SONG, DANCE, POETRY AND LITERATURE WORKSHOPS


MEMORIES OF THE SESSION
52

Marjory MALBERT
marjory.malbert@essec.edu

Tél. : +33 6 83 24 03 66

57

Final presentation 52nd International session For Young Participants

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