The document discusses the issue of human trafficking in India's North Eastern region and its connection to Southeast Asia. It highlights how the region's geographical position makes it vulnerable to illegal cross-border movement, including human trafficking. It also examines the role of media in covering trafficking issues, challenges faced by media, and ways to improve cooperation between media and anti-trafficking organizations to raise awareness and effectively address the problem.
Contract Disclosure: Role of Access to Information law to journalists in prom...George N. Mwita, PhD
The media has a vital role to play if Tanzania citizens are to benefit extensively from the extractive industry as provided for by law in terms of knowledge on the industry, benefits and challenges expected. Besides and at basic level, informing and educating people about the nature of the sector is a necessary requisite for participation in decision making process on issues affecting the local communities. For the media to effectively play its watchdog role, a more in- depth, investigative approach to coverage of the extractive sector is required. This will require that the media hold the National Government, Local Governments, mining stakeholders and mining companies to account in mining processes, management of returns and environmental & social impact. However, this should be done in line with the requirements of the laws and the Code of Conduct for the Practice of Journalism in the united Republic of Tanzania.
Key words: Contract disclosure, Citizen participation and Accountability
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Contract Disclosure: Role of Access to Information law to journalists in prom...George N. Mwita, PhD
The media has a vital role to play if Tanzania citizens are to benefit extensively from the extractive industry as provided for by law in terms of knowledge on the industry, benefits and challenges expected. Besides and at basic level, informing and educating people about the nature of the sector is a necessary requisite for participation in decision making process on issues affecting the local communities. For the media to effectively play its watchdog role, a more in- depth, investigative approach to coverage of the extractive sector is required. This will require that the media hold the National Government, Local Governments, mining stakeholders and mining companies to account in mining processes, management of returns and environmental & social impact. However, this should be done in line with the requirements of the laws and the Code of Conduct for the Practice of Journalism in the united Republic of Tanzania.
Key words: Contract disclosure, Citizen participation and Accountability
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Trafficking in Human Beings by Anna Ekstedt (CBSS Task Force against Traffick...Gerd Tarand
Anna Ekstedts presentation at the youth conference in the framework of the European Commission’s Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, held in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg on the 3.-4. February 2009.
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC – GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETERMYO AUNG Myanmar
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC
Global Corruption Barometer
https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/people_and_corruption_asia_pacific_global_corruption_barometer
In the most extensive survey of its kind, we spoke to 21,861 people in 16 countries, regions and territories across the Asia Pacific region between July 2015 and January 2017 about their perceptions and experiences of corruption. The survey results show a great diversity in the corruption risks across the region, but in every country surveyed there is scope for improved approaches to corruption prevention.
https://www.transparency.org/files/content/publication/2017_GCB_AsiaPacific_CoreQuestionnaire_EN.pdf
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC – GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETER
People and Corruption Asia Pacific – Global Corruption BarometerMYO AUNG Myanmar
http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/people_and_corruption_asia_pacific_global_corruption_barometer
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC – GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETER
Filed under - Surveys
Report published 7 March 2017
In the most extensive survey of its kind, we spoke to 21,861 people in 16 countries, regions and territories across the Asia Pacific region between July 2015 and January 2017 about their perceptions and experiences of corruption. The survey results show a great diversity in the corruption risks across the region, but in every country surveyed there is scope for improved approaches to corruption prevention.
Terrorist Propaganda and the MediaPublicity The Universal Terro.docxmehek4
Terrorist Propaganda and the Media
Publicity: The Universal Terrorist Goal
· All terrorist organizations both in the contemporary operational environment as well as that of the past have used publicity as a tool for achieving their political goals, which makes maximizing their media impact a universal objective.
· Liberal democracies rely on the principles of freedom of expression and freedom of the press, which inadvertently provides terrorists with an active and open forum for disseminating their messages and fulfilling the goals of their information operations.
· Since the explosion of global media, however, the susceptibility of media in liberal democracies is not as different from media in non-liberal, non-democratic states as was previously the case.
· Additionally, modern technology has lowered the entrance costs for terrorist organizations that wish to develop their own media outlets, and many prefer to exploit this advantage over relying solely on legitimate media outlets.
An Alternative View: Contemporary Terrorists Do Not Need Publicity
· In contrast to the position articulated above, some have argued that extreme terrorist groups driven by religious or pseudo-religious motivations are prone to engaging in political violence without the need to receive credit for the actions from the broader population.
· These types of organizations are more interested in inflicting as much pain and suffering as possible, and do not, therefore, have publicity goals explicitly incorporated into their operations.
· In practice, however, such “expressive” terrorists often do, in fact, take advantage of publicity garnered by their actions, and many – while not as actively engaged in information operations as others – intentionally leave clues and indicators that allow them to receive credit for their attacks.
Terrorism and the Triangle of Communication
· One model of political communication is called the “triangle of communication,” which terrorists attempt to access as a means of achieving their publicity goals:
. Terrorists access the triangle of communication by staging spectacular attacks.
. The media reports on those attacks.
. The public consumes the reporting, driving up fear among the local population as well as demand for more reporting.
. Politicians then pay attention to both the media and the public’s reaction to the media, driving political decisions that terrorists might not have the ability to influence otherwise.
· Terrorists exploit the triangle of communication first at the domestic level to influence local conditions, and then at the international level (through the international press, foreign publics, and foreign political leaders) to influence situations above and beyond the domestic context.
Media-Related Goals
The Attention-Getting Goal
· A key question regarding the media in a free society is not whether it should perform the function of keeping people informed by reporting on terrorism, but what amount and quality of coverag ...
Trafficking in Human Beings by Anna Ekstedt (CBSS Task Force against Traffick...Gerd Tarand
Anna Ekstedts presentation at the youth conference in the framework of the European Commission’s Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, held in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg on the 3.-4. February 2009.
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC – GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETERMYO AUNG Myanmar
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC
Global Corruption Barometer
https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/people_and_corruption_asia_pacific_global_corruption_barometer
In the most extensive survey of its kind, we spoke to 21,861 people in 16 countries, regions and territories across the Asia Pacific region between July 2015 and January 2017 about their perceptions and experiences of corruption. The survey results show a great diversity in the corruption risks across the region, but in every country surveyed there is scope for improved approaches to corruption prevention.
https://www.transparency.org/files/content/publication/2017_GCB_AsiaPacific_CoreQuestionnaire_EN.pdf
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC – GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETER
People and Corruption Asia Pacific – Global Corruption BarometerMYO AUNG Myanmar
http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/people_and_corruption_asia_pacific_global_corruption_barometer
PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: ASIA PACIFIC – GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETER
Filed under - Surveys
Report published 7 March 2017
In the most extensive survey of its kind, we spoke to 21,861 people in 16 countries, regions and territories across the Asia Pacific region between July 2015 and January 2017 about their perceptions and experiences of corruption. The survey results show a great diversity in the corruption risks across the region, but in every country surveyed there is scope for improved approaches to corruption prevention.
Terrorist Propaganda and the MediaPublicity The Universal Terro.docxmehek4
Terrorist Propaganda and the Media
Publicity: The Universal Terrorist Goal
· All terrorist organizations both in the contemporary operational environment as well as that of the past have used publicity as a tool for achieving their political goals, which makes maximizing their media impact a universal objective.
· Liberal democracies rely on the principles of freedom of expression and freedom of the press, which inadvertently provides terrorists with an active and open forum for disseminating their messages and fulfilling the goals of their information operations.
· Since the explosion of global media, however, the susceptibility of media in liberal democracies is not as different from media in non-liberal, non-democratic states as was previously the case.
· Additionally, modern technology has lowered the entrance costs for terrorist organizations that wish to develop their own media outlets, and many prefer to exploit this advantage over relying solely on legitimate media outlets.
An Alternative View: Contemporary Terrorists Do Not Need Publicity
· In contrast to the position articulated above, some have argued that extreme terrorist groups driven by religious or pseudo-religious motivations are prone to engaging in political violence without the need to receive credit for the actions from the broader population.
· These types of organizations are more interested in inflicting as much pain and suffering as possible, and do not, therefore, have publicity goals explicitly incorporated into their operations.
· In practice, however, such “expressive” terrorists often do, in fact, take advantage of publicity garnered by their actions, and many – while not as actively engaged in information operations as others – intentionally leave clues and indicators that allow them to receive credit for their attacks.
Terrorism and the Triangle of Communication
· One model of political communication is called the “triangle of communication,” which terrorists attempt to access as a means of achieving their publicity goals:
. Terrorists access the triangle of communication by staging spectacular attacks.
. The media reports on those attacks.
. The public consumes the reporting, driving up fear among the local population as well as demand for more reporting.
. Politicians then pay attention to both the media and the public’s reaction to the media, driving political decisions that terrorists might not have the ability to influence otherwise.
· Terrorists exploit the triangle of communication first at the domestic level to influence local conditions, and then at the international level (through the international press, foreign publics, and foreign political leaders) to influence situations above and beyond the domestic context.
Media-Related Goals
The Attention-Getting Goal
· A key question regarding the media in a free society is not whether it should perform the function of keeping people informed by reporting on terrorism, but what amount and quality of coverag ...
An Exploration of the Programmes and Services Available To Victims of Trio-Cr...AJHSSR Journal
As a recently constitutional democracy, South Africa faces major challenges with the
enforcement of the rule of law and with guaranteeing the protection of the citizen‟s fundamental human rights.
Post-Apartheid South Africa is founded on democratic values and the Constitution enshrines a range of
fundamental human rights, including the right to freedom and security. In light of these provisions, strengthened
by international human rights jurisprudence, the South African government is accountable for the management
of crime, and requires policies, strategies and programmes to carry out this responsibility. This qualitative study
explores the nature and effects of the programmes and services available to victims of trio-crimes in the Durban
Metropolitan Area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Study findings suggest that there are programmes and
services available to assist and empower victims of trio-crimes in the Durban Metropolitan Area; and that such
programmes and services are provided by different organisations within the city. It also indicated that these
programmes and services are beneficial and effective, and they impact on a victims` life in a constructive and
positive manner. However, the study also highlight that these victim support systems are deeply reliant upon
volunteers for their execution
2. Objectives To address the issue of human trafficking in a holistic and rights-based manner. By this I mean a correct and sensitive approach that takes into account several aspects such as right to life; right to security; right to privacy; access to health services; right to self- determination of the trafficked persons and addresses the core issue of prevention, protection and prosecution so as to bring about a determined effort to prevent trafficking.
3. India’s North East and South East Asia The magnitude of the problem as it exists in India’s North Eastern Region is alarming and it continues to grow. The problem is further compounded by the inadequate and ineffective legal protections The North Eastern Region is surrounded by as many as four international borders and is connected to the “mainland,” India by a narrow chicken neck corridor along the Assam-Bengal border. This geographical positioning of the North East states makes it highly vulnerable to illegal trans-border movement of militants, arms, drugs and now trafficked persons. The most affected international borders are those that the region shares with Bangladesh and Myanmar. Lately Bhutan has been used as a safe haven by traffickers to hoodwink law enforcement authorities.
4. The South East Asia Perspective he issue of trafficking in persons has to be understood from a South Asian perspective so as to dig deeper to understand the whole business of human trafficking between North East India and other countries. steady increase in the reported cases of girl child being trafficked out of this region and forced into prostitution and other kinds of activities. The number of unreported cases was estimated at over 50 persons last year. ccording to a ction research study on trafficking in Women and Children in India 2002-2003 conducted by the National Human Rights Commission, UNIFEM and the Institute of Social Sciences (ISS) New Delhi there is a steady growth in the number of girls who have been trafficked out of the North East. ! oblems in Bangladesh and areas which are situated close to the international border with some North East States where girls are sold almost at regular intervals yet to be highlighted
5. Media: Challenges and Demands Accept the facts: Problem area: Media Approach while reporting human trafficking Conflict: Growing demand from media by civil society actors Actual Need: Awareness-raising campaigns in the media. Use and Misuse of Media: While real requirement is to focus on issues and awareness-raising campaigns of various forms through advertisements, television debates and documentaries, instances ofuse of media for various types of mileage has led to conflicts. Management of Media andCivil Society demands: Managing Civil society needs becomes extremely important and proper use of media to create a balanceand reduce conflict. Communication Awareness: More communication between Media, NGOs, Police, public etc
6. Media Role: The Positive Approach Display of professionalism, courage and a humane attitude while reporting on human trafficking Adhering to values and ethics while writing about human trafficking issues, especially about victims Building network with anti-trafficking actors, awareness amongst the people, especially the poor and the marginalized Equal partners in awareness raising campaign on trafficking prevention.
7. The Meghalaya Experience: Professional handling of trafficking stories Avoidance of sensationalism Protected the identity of trafficking victims and reported only so much to create awareness Played a positive role in Prevention, Protection and Prosecution Development of relevant documents with assistance from Impulse NGO Network that improved ethical standards while reporting trafficking relatedstories, especially children and
8. Creation of networks: In the North East, Meghalaya in particular from the first incident of trafficking that was exposed by the media there has been a healthy exchange of information about trafficking cartels and their modus operandi. Partnerships and relations with journalists in cross- border areas and NGOs workingagainsttrafficking. " i llingness b y M e dia p e rsonnel t o u n dertake sensitization programmes and understand the legal framework that comes into play during the prosecution of traffickers and other exploiters.
9. Media Findings: The North East experience Young girls from backward rural areas are forced into prostitution due to unemployment and poverty. Sometimes-even husbands force their wives to prostitution. Almost all the girls have the same story, which leads them into prostitution such as: • Low Economic background Wanting job in metropolitancities ! H aving h igh h opes Urge for glamorous life
10. Law needs to have more teeth Three notorious trafficker from Meghalaya who had established connections in the Middle East were arrested [the first successful teamwork between media and NGO] are now out on bail. Most of the time traffickers, exploiters, brothel owners and pimps are released with minimum or no punishment. Utter lack of initiatives on the part of the government, to address these shortcomings in the legal framework. Traffickers have links with influential persons with whose help they manage to wriggle out of problems. The ITPA and the Indian Penal Code does not have strong provisions for prosecuting the trafficker and thesexual predator. Section 8 of the ITPA hasbeen used to arrest trafficked survivors. In this context there is an urgent need to bringthese i ssues f or discussion and understanding so as to be able to assist in devising a strategy thatwill monitor the implementation of the laws relating to trafficking in its entirety.
11. The Constraints: Lack of adequate funds to run small and medium newspapers No proper training of journalists The vernacular newspapers do not have the resources to spend to train their reporters on any specific issue Lack of proper communication between Media, NGOs and other agencies Tendency of mistrust between Media and NGOs Growth of electronic media slow Interest confined to individuals and concerned newspapers or media
12. The Answers: Cordial relationship between NGOs and Media and enhancement of cooperation with NGOs or other anti-trafficking actors. Need for NGOs working on anti-trafficking to sensitize media personnel to avoid further victimization of victim. Regular update to the media about progress on cases, need not be for reporting purpose Taking the media for fieldvisits andto Providing the media people with background on cases Provide the media with interesting follow-up tips Joint trainings with journalists and civil society representatives, with particular focus on public relationissues. Participation of journalistson advisory boards of NGOs. ! P articipation o f m edia i n t he a wareness r aising c omponents o f NGOs’ implemented projects. Establishment of joint networks or coalitions.
13. Motivation J J ournalists should be motivated to become part of anti-trafficking campaigns I I ncentives in the form of fellowship to train and learn about situations outside should be given I I nteractions and Debates on Television, Radio and other forms of media should be encouraged Presentations by Journalists, especially foot soldiers in seminars and round tables is important Should be encouraged in the documentation of best practices
14. The Campaign Slogan: Speak out against human trafficking, against the government’s policy on prosecution and prevention and also the unorganized manner in which rehabilitation of trafficked victims are carried out often forcing them towards prostitution. I have drawn up plans to make a difference by using the media as tool to campaign against trafficking and this has motivated me to be a partner in anti-trafficking movements with organizations like the Impulse NGO Network.
15. “ Childhood under Threat” more than 1 billion children are denied a healthy and protected upbringing” UNICEFUSA, 2005 Combat Child Trafficking THANK YOU