This document provides a summary of John Fors's field assignment to the Middle Fork of the American River canyon near Auburn, California. It includes background on the methodology, brief geological history of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, description of the geology of the river canyon which has been carved out over millions of years. It also discusses gold deposits in the area, provides examples of rock and plant samples collected with identification and descriptions, and notes some of the geological features and plant life observed.
The document summarizes the geology of Red Rock Canyon State Park and surrounding areas in the Mojave Desert. It describes the formation of the desert through volcanic activity and deposits from the Colorado River during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. It discusses features like the Goler and Ricardo formations visible in Red Rock Canyon, which exhibit fossils and landforms. Examples of common plants and animals adapted to the desert environment are also outlined, including their evolutionary histories. Different rock types found in the area like sandstone, gneiss, and basalt are identified and their formations described.
Erin Yamaoka conducted a geology field assignment in the Tahoe Basin, studying rocks, evolutionary histories of local species, and geologic features. Samples included granite, greenstone, and quartzite rocks. Evolution of black bears, shooting stars, and fence lizards was examined through fossil records. Photographs showed a nonconformity and application of Steno's principle of original horizontality. The assignment covered the region's geologic history from mountain building to glaciation that formed the current landscape.
The document summarizes the geology of the San Joaquin Valley in California. It describes how the valley formed 65 million years ago between two mountain ranges. Sediment from the Sierra Nevada filled the basin. The document also discusses the evolution of pill bugs from sea creatures with gills to land-dwelling crustaceans. Spider plants are described as having adapted from South African origins to survive drought conditions through a tuberous root system. Samples of igneous granite, metamorphic slate, and sedimentary shale rocks found in Fresno are presented along with their identifying characteristics.
2012 GEL 103 Field Assignment 2nd draftKateAlbrecht
The document summarizes Kate Albrecht's 2012 geology field assignment to the south shore of Lake Tahoe. It describes the geologic history of how the Lake Tahoe basin was formed by faulting over millions of years. It discusses specific locations like Cave Rock, an eroded former volcano, and the Upper Truckee River. It also examines rock samples like granite and clay found in the area. Finally, it profiles plants and animals that inhabit the region, including manzanita bushes, American robins, Steller's jays, and their biological classifications.
This document provides information on the geology of Cowles Mountain in San Diego, California. It discusses how the mountain formed between 100-110 million years ago due to a collision between tectonic plates. It is composed of metavolcanic and igneous rocks. The document also describes the local plants and animals found in the area like the brittlebush shrub and fox squirrel. Pictures and classifications of the granite, sandstone, and schist rocks visible in the local area are presented along with explanations of their properties and formations. Steno's Law of Original Horizontality is defined and an example photo showing sedimentary layering is provided.
The document provides a geological analysis of the Western Nevada region. It summarizes the common rock formations, plants, and animals found in areas like Carson City and Incline Village. Granite, basalt, and sagebrush are highlighted. The basalt rocks displayed aphanitic textures from rapid cooling. Granite contained quartz, feldspar and mica. Sagebrush has adapted to the dry climate over millions of years since arriving from Asia. Chipmunks and fence lizards also evolved defenses and features suited to the local environment and climate changes.
This document provides a summary of a field assignment to document the animal and plant life, rock types, and geological features of Signal Hill and San Pedro, California. The assignment involved taking photographs of these elements in both locations to analyze and draw conclusions. Signal Hill is at a higher elevation closer to water, while San Pedro is on the coast with some hills and cliffs. Common rocks in San Pedro include basalt from volcanic activity. Several species found in the areas are described, including the invasive purple fountain grass, native bush sunflower, gray bird grasshopper, and various rock samples like sandstone, andesite, and shale.
This document summarizes Tracie Butler's field assignment to Bassi Falls, providing details about the site location, geology, flora, fauna, and rock types observed. The document includes photos taken by Tracie at Bassi Falls and cites sources for information on the area geology, wildlife identification, and plant and tree identification. Tracie discusses her personal history with Bassi Falls and how this field assignment helped her discover and learn more about the natural features of this area.
The document summarizes the geology of Red Rock Canyon State Park and surrounding areas in the Mojave Desert. It describes the formation of the desert through volcanic activity and deposits from the Colorado River during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. It discusses features like the Goler and Ricardo formations visible in Red Rock Canyon, which exhibit fossils and landforms. Examples of common plants and animals adapted to the desert environment are also outlined, including their evolutionary histories. Different rock types found in the area like sandstone, gneiss, and basalt are identified and their formations described.
Erin Yamaoka conducted a geology field assignment in the Tahoe Basin, studying rocks, evolutionary histories of local species, and geologic features. Samples included granite, greenstone, and quartzite rocks. Evolution of black bears, shooting stars, and fence lizards was examined through fossil records. Photographs showed a nonconformity and application of Steno's principle of original horizontality. The assignment covered the region's geologic history from mountain building to glaciation that formed the current landscape.
The document summarizes the geology of the San Joaquin Valley in California. It describes how the valley formed 65 million years ago between two mountain ranges. Sediment from the Sierra Nevada filled the basin. The document also discusses the evolution of pill bugs from sea creatures with gills to land-dwelling crustaceans. Spider plants are described as having adapted from South African origins to survive drought conditions through a tuberous root system. Samples of igneous granite, metamorphic slate, and sedimentary shale rocks found in Fresno are presented along with their identifying characteristics.
2012 GEL 103 Field Assignment 2nd draftKateAlbrecht
The document summarizes Kate Albrecht's 2012 geology field assignment to the south shore of Lake Tahoe. It describes the geologic history of how the Lake Tahoe basin was formed by faulting over millions of years. It discusses specific locations like Cave Rock, an eroded former volcano, and the Upper Truckee River. It also examines rock samples like granite and clay found in the area. Finally, it profiles plants and animals that inhabit the region, including manzanita bushes, American robins, Steller's jays, and their biological classifications.
This document provides information on the geology of Cowles Mountain in San Diego, California. It discusses how the mountain formed between 100-110 million years ago due to a collision between tectonic plates. It is composed of metavolcanic and igneous rocks. The document also describes the local plants and animals found in the area like the brittlebush shrub and fox squirrel. Pictures and classifications of the granite, sandstone, and schist rocks visible in the local area are presented along with explanations of their properties and formations. Steno's Law of Original Horizontality is defined and an example photo showing sedimentary layering is provided.
The document provides a geological analysis of the Western Nevada region. It summarizes the common rock formations, plants, and animals found in areas like Carson City and Incline Village. Granite, basalt, and sagebrush are highlighted. The basalt rocks displayed aphanitic textures from rapid cooling. Granite contained quartz, feldspar and mica. Sagebrush has adapted to the dry climate over millions of years since arriving from Asia. Chipmunks and fence lizards also evolved defenses and features suited to the local environment and climate changes.
This document provides a summary of a field assignment to document the animal and plant life, rock types, and geological features of Signal Hill and San Pedro, California. The assignment involved taking photographs of these elements in both locations to analyze and draw conclusions. Signal Hill is at a higher elevation closer to water, while San Pedro is on the coast with some hills and cliffs. Common rocks in San Pedro include basalt from volcanic activity. Several species found in the areas are described, including the invasive purple fountain grass, native bush sunflower, gray bird grasshopper, and various rock samples like sandstone, andesite, and shale.
This document summarizes Tracie Butler's field assignment to Bassi Falls, providing details about the site location, geology, flora, fauna, and rock types observed. The document includes photos taken by Tracie at Bassi Falls and cites sources for information on the area geology, wildlife identification, and plant and tree identification. Tracie discusses her personal history with Bassi Falls and how this field assignment helped her discover and learn more about the natural features of this area.
South Lake Tahoe sits atop two geological formations - an older metamorphic basement rock overlaid by younger volcanic rock. Erosion of the basement rock created an angular unconformity, where the tilted older strata meets flat-lying younger lava flows. The area was later shaped by glaciation during the ice ages, carving out Lake Tahoe and surrounding terrain.
Van sickle bi state park geology assignmentTahoeLuke9
Van Sickle Bi-State Park Lake Tahoe is located in both California and Nevada along the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The park contains hiking trails, lakes, waterfalls, and wildlife. The document discusses the geology and natural features of the park, including the formation of Lake Tahoe through faulting, different types of rocks like granite and quartzite found in the area, and plant and animal species like the Western Fence Lizard. The author recently moved to South Lake Tahoe and enjoys exploring the park's outdoor recreational activities and geological features.
The document provides information on various geological topics including types of rocks (granite, slate, marble), plants (ponderosa pine tree, snow plant), animals (Rocky Mountain mule deer), and geological principles (original horizontality, types of unconformities). It includes definitions, descriptions, examples, and citations for each topic. The document contains a table of contents and is intended to be an informative reference on South Lake Tahoe geology.
This document discusses a rock found in Hanford, California. The author examines the rock's physical properties and performs tests to determine it is basalt, an igneous rock. Basalt is common in the Lovejoy Basalt formation near the location it was found. The author believes the rock may have originated from that geological area.
Geology 103 Field Assignment Powerpointcrystalamber
The document summarizes information about the Sierra Nevada mountain range, Lake Tahoe, and various plants and rocks found in the area. It describes how the mountains formed from the shifting of tectonic plates over 130 million years ago. It also discusses Lake Tahoe's sources of water, the mallard duck, Jeffrey pine tree, different types of igneous rocks including granite and basalt, and how conglomerate rocks can form near streams. Photos were provided by Crystal Brown and Angelee Brown to accompany the text.
Eaton Canyon is located within the San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles. The canyon contains various igneous and metamorphic rocks like diorite and granite that formed over time from the movement of tectonic plates. Native plants in the area include prickly pear cactus and sagebrush. Wildlife includes coyotes and other small mammals. During dry seasons, the river bed running through Eaton Canyon dries up. The mountains create different climate zones, blocking hot air from the Mojave Desert and keeping coastal areas cooler.
Brennan Dowling visited the American River Parkway several times to photograph examples of living things and geological features. The parkway is located where mountain sediment from the Sierra Nevada mountains settled. Dowling found examples that showed geological changes over time, including a snake skeleton, deer, and blackberry bushes. Rock samples were collected from creek beds that appeared to be metamorphic rocks such as marble, schist, and hornfels. A photograph showed an old engine sticking out of sediment layers, demonstrating Steno's principle of superposition. A creek bed wall also featured a disconformity between sediment layers.
Landscaping with Native Plants - Campaign for a Sustainable IndianaFarica46m
The document discusses the plans for a native landscape design for the new Indiana headquarters of The Nature Conservancy. Over 14,000 square feet will be devoted to native landscaping, including trees, shrubs, grasses and wildflowers representative of Indiana ecosystems. Plantings will be organized to represent different preserves, like an oak savanna to depict Prairie Border Preserve and a wetland area to mimic habitats protected along rivers. The landscape will showcase Indiana's native plant diversity and tell the story of the organization's conservation work in the state.
The Kaweah River runs 32 miles from the Sierra Nevada mountains through Sequoia National Forest before joining with its forks and flowing into Lake Kaweah in the Central Valley. The rivers were formed over millions of years as snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains eroded paths in the rock. Rock formations like granite and rhyolite can be seen along with plant life including cocklebur, morning glory, and invasive species.
This geology lab assignment examines the geology around Lake Tahoe Community College. The student explored areas around Lake Tahoe like Fallen Leaf Lake, sand pits in South Lake, Twin Peaks, and Topaz Lake in Nevada. Through these observations and additional research, the student found that fault movements and volcanism created the basin and surrounding Sierra Nevada mountains. The assignment involved identifying local rocks, fossils, and lizards. Key findings included evidence of the law of superposition in rock layers and an angular unconformity.
The document describes geological features observed around the Kaweah River area in California. It summarizes that the Kaweah River and its tributaries were formed over millions of years by erosion of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Various rock formations in the area like granite and gneiss were also formed by this erosion. Plant life native to the region like cocklebur and morning glory are also described.
The document discusses several types of rocks and geological concepts:
- Blueschist, a metamorphic rock formed under high pressure and relatively cool temperatures in subduction zones.
- Igneous rocks such as granite and gabbro found in San Luis Obispo, formed from intrusive and extrusive processes. Extrusive scoria is also mentioned.
- Sandstone, a sedimentary rock found in Poly Canyon consisting of cemented quartz and sand.
- The San Andreas Fault as an example of a transform fault still actively moving plates.
- Examples of mechanical and chemical weathering processes.
- Evidence of mass wasting and erosion seen in Yosemite National Park streams and waterfalls.
The student visited Bishop's Peak and the Leaning Pine Arboretum near Cal Poly campus. Bishop's Peak formed from an extinct volcano and is composed of dacite rock. The arboretum sits on land that was once ocean floor and contains serpentinite rock formed from ocean crust. Various plants, animals, and fossils were observed including Aesculus californica trees, western fence lizards, and a possible deer fossil. The assignment helped the student learn about the geological history and evolution of the local area.
The Yehliu Geopark in Taiwan has formed unique rock landscapes due to erosion from the sea and weathering processes over time. The park features six main landform types including hoodoos, pedestal rocks, ginger rocks, honeycomb rocks, tafoni, and mushroom rocks that were shaped by erosion from wind, water and freezing and thawing. Nature processes like weathering and erosion have created the beautiful rock formations in the geopark through the decomposition of rock layers and differential erosion of harder and softer materials.
16 of the most magnificent trees in the worldJulianne Cox
This document provides a summary of 16 of the most magnificent trees from around the world. Some of the trees highlighted include a 144-year-old wisteria vine in Japan covering half an acre, wind-swept trees in New Zealand that grow at an angle due to strong winds, and the Angel Oak tree in South Carolina that is estimated to be over 1,400 years old. The document aims to showcase amazing and beautiful trees from locations including Japan, New Zealand, Germany, South Carolina, Brazil, Yemen, California, Oregon, Hawaii, South Africa, and Northern Ireland.
Jade is the gem name for mineral aggregates composed of either or both of two different minerals, Jadeite and Nephrite. Jadeite is a sodium-rich aluminous pyroxene; nephrite is a fine-grained, calcium-rich, magnesium, iron, aluminous amphibole. All jade is composed of fine-grained, highly intergrown, interlocking crystals of one or both of these minerals. Though neither mineral is very hard (6-7), jade is one of the toughest gem minerals known because of the intergrown nature of the individual crystals.
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
g. Describe how fossils show evidence of the changing surface and climate of the Earth.
c. Classify rocks by their process of formation.
This document summarizes a field trip taken by the author to the Middle Fork of the American River near Auburn, California. The author provides background on the geological history of the area, describing the sedimentary and metamorphic rocks present such as sandstone, greenstone, and serpentinite. Samples of these rocks are photographed. Plant and tree species observed along the river include Pacific madrone, canyon live oak, and Mexican manzanita. Brief evolutionary histories are provided for these plant species.
The document summarizes geology fieldwork conducted in the San Bernardino Mountains. It describes the formation of the mountains due to tectonic plate movement along the San Andreas Fault. It details the local geology, including metamorphic and sedimentary rocks observed in Lytle Creek. Native plants, animals and trees of the area are also discussed, along with their fossil and evolutionary histories.
The document discusses geological changes that have occurred around Lake Tahoe over time. It notes that the Lake Tahoe basin was formed 3-5 million years ago by rising mountains on both sides, and the lake took shape from faulting, volcanic activity, and glaciation. Lava flows formed dams that allowed rivers and streams to fill the basin. The document also provides details on the present features of Lake Tahoe such as its depth and location along the California-Nevada border.
This hike begins at the Glen Alpine Trailhead and follows a 5.45 mile trail to Grass Lake in Desolation Wilderness. Along the way hikers pass Glen Alpine Falls, beautiful granite formations, and get views of Susie Lake Falls. The geology of the area was shaped by subduction that occurred millions of years ago which formed the granite rock and extensive glaciation during the last ice age. Points of interest include Soda Spring, rock samples of granite and sandstone, and native plants and animals like the California Corn Lily and Sierra Garter Snake.
South Lake Tahoe sits atop two geological formations - an older metamorphic basement rock overlaid by younger volcanic rock. Erosion of the basement rock created an angular unconformity, where the tilted older strata meets flat-lying younger lava flows. The area was later shaped by glaciation during the ice ages, carving out Lake Tahoe and surrounding terrain.
Van sickle bi state park geology assignmentTahoeLuke9
Van Sickle Bi-State Park Lake Tahoe is located in both California and Nevada along the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The park contains hiking trails, lakes, waterfalls, and wildlife. The document discusses the geology and natural features of the park, including the formation of Lake Tahoe through faulting, different types of rocks like granite and quartzite found in the area, and plant and animal species like the Western Fence Lizard. The author recently moved to South Lake Tahoe and enjoys exploring the park's outdoor recreational activities and geological features.
The document provides information on various geological topics including types of rocks (granite, slate, marble), plants (ponderosa pine tree, snow plant), animals (Rocky Mountain mule deer), and geological principles (original horizontality, types of unconformities). It includes definitions, descriptions, examples, and citations for each topic. The document contains a table of contents and is intended to be an informative reference on South Lake Tahoe geology.
This document discusses a rock found in Hanford, California. The author examines the rock's physical properties and performs tests to determine it is basalt, an igneous rock. Basalt is common in the Lovejoy Basalt formation near the location it was found. The author believes the rock may have originated from that geological area.
Geology 103 Field Assignment Powerpointcrystalamber
The document summarizes information about the Sierra Nevada mountain range, Lake Tahoe, and various plants and rocks found in the area. It describes how the mountains formed from the shifting of tectonic plates over 130 million years ago. It also discusses Lake Tahoe's sources of water, the mallard duck, Jeffrey pine tree, different types of igneous rocks including granite and basalt, and how conglomerate rocks can form near streams. Photos were provided by Crystal Brown and Angelee Brown to accompany the text.
Eaton Canyon is located within the San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles. The canyon contains various igneous and metamorphic rocks like diorite and granite that formed over time from the movement of tectonic plates. Native plants in the area include prickly pear cactus and sagebrush. Wildlife includes coyotes and other small mammals. During dry seasons, the river bed running through Eaton Canyon dries up. The mountains create different climate zones, blocking hot air from the Mojave Desert and keeping coastal areas cooler.
Brennan Dowling visited the American River Parkway several times to photograph examples of living things and geological features. The parkway is located where mountain sediment from the Sierra Nevada mountains settled. Dowling found examples that showed geological changes over time, including a snake skeleton, deer, and blackberry bushes. Rock samples were collected from creek beds that appeared to be metamorphic rocks such as marble, schist, and hornfels. A photograph showed an old engine sticking out of sediment layers, demonstrating Steno's principle of superposition. A creek bed wall also featured a disconformity between sediment layers.
Landscaping with Native Plants - Campaign for a Sustainable IndianaFarica46m
The document discusses the plans for a native landscape design for the new Indiana headquarters of The Nature Conservancy. Over 14,000 square feet will be devoted to native landscaping, including trees, shrubs, grasses and wildflowers representative of Indiana ecosystems. Plantings will be organized to represent different preserves, like an oak savanna to depict Prairie Border Preserve and a wetland area to mimic habitats protected along rivers. The landscape will showcase Indiana's native plant diversity and tell the story of the organization's conservation work in the state.
The Kaweah River runs 32 miles from the Sierra Nevada mountains through Sequoia National Forest before joining with its forks and flowing into Lake Kaweah in the Central Valley. The rivers were formed over millions of years as snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains eroded paths in the rock. Rock formations like granite and rhyolite can be seen along with plant life including cocklebur, morning glory, and invasive species.
This geology lab assignment examines the geology around Lake Tahoe Community College. The student explored areas around Lake Tahoe like Fallen Leaf Lake, sand pits in South Lake, Twin Peaks, and Topaz Lake in Nevada. Through these observations and additional research, the student found that fault movements and volcanism created the basin and surrounding Sierra Nevada mountains. The assignment involved identifying local rocks, fossils, and lizards. Key findings included evidence of the law of superposition in rock layers and an angular unconformity.
The document describes geological features observed around the Kaweah River area in California. It summarizes that the Kaweah River and its tributaries were formed over millions of years by erosion of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Various rock formations in the area like granite and gneiss were also formed by this erosion. Plant life native to the region like cocklebur and morning glory are also described.
The document discusses several types of rocks and geological concepts:
- Blueschist, a metamorphic rock formed under high pressure and relatively cool temperatures in subduction zones.
- Igneous rocks such as granite and gabbro found in San Luis Obispo, formed from intrusive and extrusive processes. Extrusive scoria is also mentioned.
- Sandstone, a sedimentary rock found in Poly Canyon consisting of cemented quartz and sand.
- The San Andreas Fault as an example of a transform fault still actively moving plates.
- Examples of mechanical and chemical weathering processes.
- Evidence of mass wasting and erosion seen in Yosemite National Park streams and waterfalls.
The student visited Bishop's Peak and the Leaning Pine Arboretum near Cal Poly campus. Bishop's Peak formed from an extinct volcano and is composed of dacite rock. The arboretum sits on land that was once ocean floor and contains serpentinite rock formed from ocean crust. Various plants, animals, and fossils were observed including Aesculus californica trees, western fence lizards, and a possible deer fossil. The assignment helped the student learn about the geological history and evolution of the local area.
The Yehliu Geopark in Taiwan has formed unique rock landscapes due to erosion from the sea and weathering processes over time. The park features six main landform types including hoodoos, pedestal rocks, ginger rocks, honeycomb rocks, tafoni, and mushroom rocks that were shaped by erosion from wind, water and freezing and thawing. Nature processes like weathering and erosion have created the beautiful rock formations in the geopark through the decomposition of rock layers and differential erosion of harder and softer materials.
16 of the most magnificent trees in the worldJulianne Cox
This document provides a summary of 16 of the most magnificent trees from around the world. Some of the trees highlighted include a 144-year-old wisteria vine in Japan covering half an acre, wind-swept trees in New Zealand that grow at an angle due to strong winds, and the Angel Oak tree in South Carolina that is estimated to be over 1,400 years old. The document aims to showcase amazing and beautiful trees from locations including Japan, New Zealand, Germany, South Carolina, Brazil, Yemen, California, Oregon, Hawaii, South Africa, and Northern Ireland.
Jade is the gem name for mineral aggregates composed of either or both of two different minerals, Jadeite and Nephrite. Jadeite is a sodium-rich aluminous pyroxene; nephrite is a fine-grained, calcium-rich, magnesium, iron, aluminous amphibole. All jade is composed of fine-grained, highly intergrown, interlocking crystals of one or both of these minerals. Though neither mineral is very hard (6-7), jade is one of the toughest gem minerals known because of the intergrown nature of the individual crystals.
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
g. Describe how fossils show evidence of the changing surface and climate of the Earth.
c. Classify rocks by their process of formation.
This document summarizes a field trip taken by the author to the Middle Fork of the American River near Auburn, California. The author provides background on the geological history of the area, describing the sedimentary and metamorphic rocks present such as sandstone, greenstone, and serpentinite. Samples of these rocks are photographed. Plant and tree species observed along the river include Pacific madrone, canyon live oak, and Mexican manzanita. Brief evolutionary histories are provided for these plant species.
The document summarizes geology fieldwork conducted in the San Bernardino Mountains. It describes the formation of the mountains due to tectonic plate movement along the San Andreas Fault. It details the local geology, including metamorphic and sedimentary rocks observed in Lytle Creek. Native plants, animals and trees of the area are also discussed, along with their fossil and evolutionary histories.
The document discusses geological changes that have occurred around Lake Tahoe over time. It notes that the Lake Tahoe basin was formed 3-5 million years ago by rising mountains on both sides, and the lake took shape from faulting, volcanic activity, and glaciation. Lava flows formed dams that allowed rivers and streams to fill the basin. The document also provides details on the present features of Lake Tahoe such as its depth and location along the California-Nevada border.
This hike begins at the Glen Alpine Trailhead and follows a 5.45 mile trail to Grass Lake in Desolation Wilderness. Along the way hikers pass Glen Alpine Falls, beautiful granite formations, and get views of Susie Lake Falls. The geology of the area was shaped by subduction that occurred millions of years ago which formed the granite rock and extensive glaciation during the last ice age. Points of interest include Soda Spring, rock samples of granite and sandstone, and native plants and animals like the California Corn Lily and Sierra Garter Snake.
Historical The Bay Area Peninsula Region.pptxJackieCruz18
The document provides information on the geology and natural history of the San Francisco Peninsula region. It discusses the formation of the region from the Franciscan Complex rocks approximately 200 million years ago during the subduction of the Farallon Plate. It also describes the local climate, faults, and various native plants and animals that have evolved to adapt to the unique environmental conditions of the region, including mule deer, California buckwheat, black-tailed jackrabbits, and local rock types such as limestone, granodiorite, and serpentine. Examples are provided of field identification of these rock types based on their properties. Photographs illustrate examples of rock layers, erosion features, and local flora and fauna.
Lake Berryessa is located in Napa County, California and was formed by sediment deposition from the erosion of volcanic rocks. The sedimentary layers at Lake Berryessa are estimated to be 13 km thick and represent 80 million years of erosion. The mountain ranges surrounding the lake formed 150-130 million years ago. Great Egrets and Blue Oak trees are commonly seen in the area and have adapted over millions of years to the local environment. Sedimentary rocks like limestone and conglomerate can be seen around the lake and provide evidence of the geological history through principles of relative dating.
Mount Rose is an extinct volcano located in the Carson Range of the Sierra Nevada Mountains northeast of Lake Tahoe. At 3,285 meters, it is the second highest peak in the Lake Tahoe Basin. Mount Rose formed from volcanic activity approximately 30 million years ago. The geology of Mount Rose includes evidence of glaciation as well as volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks ranging in age from the Triassic to the Pliocene periods. Samples collected from Mount Rose include granite, feldspar with actinolite, quartz with malachite, a mule deer skull, the parasitic plant snowplant, and a chipmunk skull.
The document summarizes the author's observations from a study trip to Lake Tahoe, including:
1) The formation of Lake Tahoe from uplifting of the Sierra Nevada mountains and glacial activity.
2) Geological formations around the lake including volcanic, granite, and sedimentary rocks.
3) Identification of local flora such as forget-me-nots, lupines, and observations of their evolution.
4) Sighting of a black bear and details about its species.
The document summarizes geological and biological features of the Lake Tahoe Basin. It describes how the basin was formed by faulting around 2-3 million years ago, uplifting the Carson Range and Sierra Nevada mountains on either side. During ice ages, glaciers carved out the landscape, leaving behind U-shaped valleys. The basin is now home to various plant and animal species, including Jeffrey pine trees, manzanita shrubs, mallard ducks, and black bears. Specific sites mentioned include Cave Rock and its surrounding granite formations.
The document summarizes geological and biological features of the Lake Tahoe Basin. It describes how the basin was formed by faulting around 2-3 million years ago, uplifting the Carson Range and Sierra Nevada mountains on either side. During ice ages, glaciers carved out the landscape, leaving behind U-shaped valleys. The basin is now home to various plant and animal species, including Jeffrey pine trees, manzanita shrubs, mallard ducks, and black bears. Samples of granite, hornfels, obsidian, quartz and siltstone from the area are also discussed.
This document summarizes a student's trip through Arches National Park in Moab, Utah. It describes the park's geology, noting that 300 million years ago an inland sea deposited salt that now underlies the park. Erosion of sandstone layers deposited above the salt dome has formed arches, monoliths, and spires. It also describes the local flora like pinyon pine and prickly pear cactus, fauna including leopard lizards and mule deer, and biological soil crust important for nutrient cycling and erosion control. Rock samples of quartzite and quartz sandstone are also discussed.
The document discusses various rocks, geological formations, and wildlife found near the Yuba River in the Tahoe National Forest. Samples of quartzite, basalt, and granite rocks were collected and identified based on their characteristics. An angular unconformity sample showed tilted igneous rock overlaid by sedimentary deposits. An inclusion sample showed an older lighter rock within a darker surrounding rock. Other observations included a blackberry bush, signs of brown bears, and details about the formation of the Yuba River over millions of years.
Taylor Creek is a 2.2 mile stream originating from Fallen Leaf Lake and flowing into Lake Tahoe. It was formed by glacial activity millions of years ago and has evolved over time. The creek flows through diverse geology of granite and sedimentary rocks and supports a variety of flora like Jeffrey pine trees and fauna such as beaver, salmon, and crayfish. Taylor Creek forms a crucial wetland habitat and ecosystem, with connections to the surrounding forest, meadows, and Lake Tahoe.
This 5.45 mile hike begins at Glen Alpine Trailhead and follows an old road to Glen Alpine Springs Resort before reaching Grass Lake. The hike goes around the southern shore of the lake with views of the mountains and a cascade on the west side of the lake. Desolation Wilderness was formed through glaciation that carved out basins holding nearly 130 lakes. Along the way, hikers can see granite rock formations, sandstone, California corn lilies, and Sierra garter snakes.
The Kaweah River and its forks flow from the Sierra Nevada mountains through Sequoia National Forest before joining together in Lake Kaweah in the Central Valley of California. The rivers were formed over millions of years as snowmelt from the mountains slowly eroded paths in the rock. Various plant and rock specimens found in the area are described, including cocklebur, morning glory, gneiss, quartzite, and granite.
The document summarizes field assignments completed by Robert Garcia for a geology course on the Bay Area and San Jose. Garcia visited Almaden Quicksilver County Park and Alum Rock Park to observe local geology. At Almaden, he saw cinnabar ore deposits from former mercury mines and learned about the area's mining history. He also observed granodiorite, basalt, and Coast Range fence lizards. At Alum Rock Park, he saw more granodiorite and California poppies, and saw tadpoles in a stream. The document discusses the geological formation of the Bay Area and evolution of local plant and animal species over time.
Lassen County in California features a variety of igneous and volcanic rocks formed during the Mesozoic and Pleistocene epochs. During field studies in the county, the author observed and photographed granite, dacite, basalt, and other rock samples. Field notes also describe the local plant life like orange honeysuckle and western grey squirrels, as well as volcanic features including Lassen Peak. Analysis of the geology and fossils found provides insights into how these rocks and species have evolved over millions of years.
Carter Reese: Geology Field AssignmentCarterReese2
The San Joaquin Valley was formed during the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous period through subduction and the creation of a shallow inland sea. Over millions of years, sediments eroded from the surrounding mountains accumulated in thick layers, including organic-rich shales. The geology of the valley floor is characterized by the repeated deposition and erosion of sediments, leaving formations like the Tulare sandstone and mudstone visible today. Artifacts made from obsidian quarried in the Eastern Sierra provide evidence of human occupation dating back thousands of years.
The document summarizes field observations around Lake Tahoe, including the geology of the lake basin, local plants and animals. Lake Tahoe was formed 5-10 million years ago when faulting created the basin, which filled with water 2 million years ago after a lava barrier formed. Today it is over 1500 feet deep and home to 63 streams and the American black bear, which has become accustomed to humans after wildfires destroyed habitat. Field observations included identifying greenleaf manzanita, lodgepole pine, igneous granite rock and metamorphic phyllite rock.
The document provides information on the geology, plants, and animals of the Lake Tahoe Basin. It describes how the basin was formed over 2 million years ago through geological faulting and volcanism. Glaciers during the Ice Ages helped shape the landscape. The basin contains various rock types including granite, formed from slowly cooled lava. Plants like juniper and animals like the mountain cottontail rabbit and rubber boa snake inhabit the area. Fossil evidence suggests the origins of rabbits date back 55 million years while junipers have existed for 50-72 million years.
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2. Content
Background & Method
Brief Geological History
River Canyon Geology
Gold Deposits
Rock Examples
Geological Features
Plant Examples
2
3. Background and Research Methodology
In late June I visited an area in the canyon of the Middle
Fork of the American River
The photos and rock samples included in this report are
from this field trip
3D map images were prepared using Google Earth
Identification of rocks done using: Geology of the Sierra
Nevada, by Mary Hill (2006)
Identification of plants done using: Trees and shrubs of
California, by Stuart & Sawyer (2001)
3
4. Site Location
Near Auburn, California
Entry through Driver’s
Flat Road, on dirt road
down to bottom of river
canyon
Coordinates 38.962362,
-120.929775
4
5. Deep Down in the River Canyon
Googl
e
Earth
View up the very deep canyon of Middle Fork of American River
Valley has been carved by the flow of the river for last several million
years
5
6. Quick Geological History and Overview
Sierra Nevada is a tilted fault block 400 miles long,
with rugged east face, and sloping west face
West side has metamorphic rock formed by plate
tectonics in Early Paleozoic to Late Jurassic (400-
120 million years ago) – with portions of ancient
seafloor
Volcanic eruptions filled ancient valleys with lava and
mudflows
Present river system formed by erosion during last 5
million years
(Lindstrom, 2000; “North,” 2006; “North,” 2007)
6
7. Geology of Middle Fork River Canyon
Undulating steep mountains, elevation 1,600 – 5,600
feet
Foresthill Divide is a NE trending ridge system,
separating North and Middle Forks of American
River
River has cut steep canyons 1000 ft below top of
Foresthill Divide
Significant surface erosion, especially on steep hill
sides
Mean annual precipitation between 30-40 inches
Extremely low seismic activity
7
(“North,” 2006; “North,” 2007)
8. Gold Deposits Around Foresthill Area
Streams flowing down western slopes carried
Auriferous gravels
Auriferous gravel <0.5 percent of soil types in the
area
Flows of lava later covered and protected many of
these deposits
Gold veins usually are 3-4 feet thick, in NW direction
Gold discovered in Foresthill in 1850
Primarily placer mines, with extensive hydraulic
mining
In next 15 years more than $10 million was extracted
(“Description,”1897; “Gold,” 1970; “North,” 2006; “North,” 2007)
8
9. Rock Sample: Periodotite / Serpentinite
Serpentinite is derived
from basic intrusive rock
It is created through
geological low-
temperature metamorphic
process involving heat in
Description: some small
presence
grains, black/gray color, can be of water
scratched, no layers, can be Peridotite is derived from
fractured the Earth's mantle
Identification: I believe this is
Serpentinite, a plutonic igneous
rock type
(Hill, 2006)
9
10. Rock Sample: Greenstone /Green schist
The rock is derived from
basalt, gabbro or similar
rocks containing sodium-
rich plagioclase feldspar,
chlorite, epidote and
quartz
Description: weathered Greenstone and green
red/brown color, fine-grained, schist belts are primarily
can be scratched, faint formed of fine-grained
layering volcanic rocks,
Identification: I believe this is dominated by basalt, with
Greenstone, a metamorphic minor parts sedimentary
rock
(Hill, 2006) rocks
10
11. Sandstone Rock Outcropping
Fragile grainy sand-colored
sedimentary rock
Appears to be sandstone or
gritstone
The outer layer, in part, is
held together by a thin layer
of vegetation
Likely result of earlier
deposits of sand, later put
under high pressure from
overlaying sediment or lava
layers
Tilted almost 90 degrees, by
earlier rock folding process
11
12. Polished Bedrock Down at River Level
Sections of the rock at
river level has smooth
appearance
Polishing effect likely is
from flowing silt-filled
water
It is difficult to see what the rock type is since the
surface is so changed. It could either be the from
the intruding plutonic rocks, or from the older
sedimentary rocks from older sea bottom
12
13. Erosion and Break Up of Larger Rocks
Large boulders cracking and fragment into smaller blocks
Process driven by heating/freezing cycles, as well as
erosion from water, snow, and ice
The large boulder may have come down by rock fall from
higher up in the river canyon as part of ongoing erosion
13
14. Tilted Sedimentary Rocks
Appears to be layered sedimentary rock
Could be part of the earlier seabed
Tilted between 60 to 90 degrees, mostly facing NE
Covered by moss and other plants
14
15. Plant and Animal Life
Ground around
the river bed is
mostly rocky and
dry
Mixed forest,
oaks, and small
shrubs; with
habitat for diverse
fauna
No major animals
seen, except one
river otter (which
quickly
disappeared
15
under the
16. Madrone Tree
• The madrone is a member
of the Heath family
(Ericaceae) of vascular
green plants
• Ericaceae is under the order
Ericales, which evolved from
Magnoliales, which in turn
descended from
I believe this tree is a angiosperms originating in
Pacific Madrone (Arbutus the Mesozoic Era
menziesii) • It has high tolerance to poor
soil, drought, extreme
(Stuart & Sawyer, 2001) temperature, shade, and
16
elevation; which enables it to
thrive in many different
17. Evolution of Pacific Madrone (Arbutus
menziesii)
Plantae => Angiosperms => Eudicots => Asterids => Ericales =>
Ericaceae => Arbutus => A. menziesii
Fossilized leaves of a species similar to modern day Pacific Madrone
have been found in northwestern Nevada, the Blue Mountains of
Oregon, and Tuolumne County, CA
This species dates to the Miocene Epoch of 12 to 26 million years ago
The species composition and flora is similar to oak-madrone forests in
California today
Current madrone-related flora is believed to have originated in
southwestern North America
(Axelrod, 1958;Tappeiner & McDonald, n.d.)
17
18. Oak Tree
An evergreen oak that is
found in the southwestern
part of North America,
especially in California
Coast Ranges
Often found near creeks
and drainages, growing in
moist cool microhabitats
I believe this tree is a
It is part of order Fagales,
Canyon Live Oak (Quercus
also descendant from
chrysolepis)
angiosperms
May live for up to 300 yrs
(Stuart & Sawyer, 2001)
18
19. Evolution of Canyon Live Oak (Quercus
chrysolepis)
Plantae => Angiosperms => Eudicots => Rosids => Fagales =>
Fagaceae => Quercus => Protobalanus => Q. chrysolepis
Early fossil evidence of family Fagaceae found in western
Tennessee, dated to Paleocene/Eocene boundary (Crepet &
Nixon,1989)
Quercus forms swarms of hybrids making precise analysis of lineage
difficult
More than 200 different species of Quercus across every continent of
the world, including 89 in the US, and 20 in California
Quercus in general are wind-pollinated, however, Lithocarpus and
Chrysolepis are insect-pollinated, thus causes major differences in
their flowers
Chrysolepis the most common member of Protobalanus group in
(Crepet & Nixon,1989; Nixon, 2002)
California
19
20. Flowering Manzanita Shrub
About 60 species of
Arctostaphylos, ranging
from ground-hugging
arctic, coastal, and
mountain species to
small trees up to 6 m tall
Believed to have come
I believe this shrub is a from subtropical to warm
Mexican Manzanita temperate groups and
(Arctostaphylos pungens) then evolved in response
to the expansion of a
Belong to order Ericales
new adaptive zone: dry
(Axelrod, 1958; Stuart & Sawyer, 2001) climate
20 Also from angiosperms
21. Evolution of Mexican Manzanita
(Arctostaphylos pungens)
Plantae => Angiosperms => Eudicots => Asterids => Ericales =>
Ericaceae => Arctostaphylos => A. pungens
Shares evolutionary history with Pacific Madrone (Arbutus menziesii)
as described on earlier pages
Rich fossil record, and considered to be of Miocene origin, approx 15
million years ago
Radiation of genus occurred 1.5 million years ago during the
Pleistocene
Oldest remains of Arctostaphylos from lower Pliocene Texas
(Adams,1935)
Southern California thought to have been a major Pleistocene center
of distribution and variation, which then shifted northward (Adams,
1935)
21
(Adams, 1935; Markos,1995)
23. References
Adams, J. E. (1935). A systematic study of the genus Arctostaphylos. Berkeley Press: Berkeley.
Axelrod, D. (1958). Evolution of the madro-tertiary geoflora. The Botanical Review. 24(7) 433-509.
Crepet, W., Nixon, K. (1989). Earliest megafossil evidence of Fagaceae: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. American Journal of Botany. 76:
842-855.
Description of the Gold Belt. (1897). pubs.usgs.gov. Retrieved July 7, 2011, from pubs.usgs.gov/gf/041/text.pdf
Gold Districts of California. (1970). Oakland Museum of California. Retrieved July 8, 2011, from http://museumca.org/goldrush/dist-foresthill.html
Hill, M. (2006). Geology of the Sierra Nevada (Rev. ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lindstrom, S. (2000, July 15). FORESTHILL DIVIDE COMMUNITY PLAN (FDCP) HERITAGE RESOURCE ELEMENT. Appendix B.1. Retrieved July
7, 2011, from http://www.placer.ca.gov/Departments/CommunityDevelopment/Planning/CommPlans/FDCP/~/media/cdr/Planning/CommPlans/
FDCP/RDEIR/Appendices/deir%20rfdcp%20appendix%20b%201.ashx
Nixon, K. (2002). The Oak (Quercus) Biodiversity of California and Adjacent Regions1. US Forest Service. Retrieved July 10, 2011, from
www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr184/psw_gtr184_001_Nixon.pdf
North Fork American River Trail. (2006, June 1). Welcome to Beautiful Placer County California. The official website.. Retrieved July 8, 2011, from
http://www.placer.ca.gov/Departments/CommunityDevelopment/EnvCoordSvcs/EIR/NorthForkTrail.aspx
North Fork/Middle Fork American River Sediment Study. (2007, April 1). USDA. Retrieved July 7, 2011, from
www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5275882.pdf
Stuart, J. D., & Sawyer, J. O. (2001). Trees and shrubs of California . Berkeley: University of California Press.
Tappeiner, J. C., & McDonald, P. M. (n.d.). Arbutusmenz. Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry - USDA Forest Service. Retrieved July 10, 2011,
from http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/arbutus/menziesii.htm
23