La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a los bancos rusos, la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia, y sanciones contra funcionarios rusos. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
This document provides guidance on using Taaveekun products for kenaf cultivation. It details a schedule of soil amendments and foliar applications including Taaveekun Super, Taaveekun Gold, and TVK Vinegar. The schedule aims to improve soil health, support plant growth, increase yields, and reduce costs compared to standard practices. Test plots showed kenaf grown with Taaveekun products were healthier and yielded more than control plots. Farmers reported being able to harvest more from their fields using this method.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai penggunaan baja organik Taaveekun dan amalan pertanian yang lestari untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman secara organik. Dokumen ini juga menyoroti keberhasilan penggunaan baja Taaveekun dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil berbagai tanaman seperti sayuran, buah-buahan, dan komoditi pertanian lainnya.
Dokumen tersebut membahasakan beberapa jenis baja kimia dan organik serta racun hama untuk tanaman padi. Ia juga membandingkan hasil tanaman padi antara plot kawalan dan plot percobaan menggunakan baja mineral semula jadi dan racun hama seperti Gandakan dan Taaveekun 1. Plot percobaan menunjukkan peningkatan hasil, kualiti daun dan akar yang lebih baik.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai penggunaan pupuk dan pengelolaan tanah untuk tanaman kelapa sawit dan getah di Thailand. Ia menjelaskan kadar penggunaan pupuk kimia dan organik serta mineral untuk tanaman sawit dan getah pada berbagai usia, dan manfaat penggunaan pupuk untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah dan hasil tanaman.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a los bancos rusos, la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia, y sanciones contra funcionarios rusos. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
This document provides guidance on using Taaveekun products for kenaf cultivation. It details a schedule of soil amendments and foliar applications including Taaveekun Super, Taaveekun Gold, and TVK Vinegar. The schedule aims to improve soil health, support plant growth, increase yields, and reduce costs compared to standard practices. Test plots showed kenaf grown with Taaveekun products were healthier and yielded more than control plots. Farmers reported being able to harvest more from their fields using this method.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai penggunaan baja organik Taaveekun dan amalan pertanian yang lestari untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman secara organik. Dokumen ini juga menyoroti keberhasilan penggunaan baja Taaveekun dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil berbagai tanaman seperti sayuran, buah-buahan, dan komoditi pertanian lainnya.
Dokumen tersebut membahasakan beberapa jenis baja kimia dan organik serta racun hama untuk tanaman padi. Ia juga membandingkan hasil tanaman padi antara plot kawalan dan plot percobaan menggunakan baja mineral semula jadi dan racun hama seperti Gandakan dan Taaveekun 1. Plot percobaan menunjukkan peningkatan hasil, kualiti daun dan akar yang lebih baik.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai penggunaan pupuk dan pengelolaan tanah untuk tanaman kelapa sawit dan getah di Thailand. Ia menjelaskan kadar penggunaan pupuk kimia dan organik serta mineral untuk tanaman sawit dan getah pada berbagai usia, dan manfaat penggunaan pupuk untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah dan hasil tanaman.
This document provides tips to improve concentration. It recommends practicing a two minute concentration exercise by staring at a watch without distractions. Reading unfamiliar passages and closing your eyes can also help enhance focus by removing visual stimuli. Regular practice of concentration exercises over 21 days can improve the ability to focus for extended periods without mental wandering.
Rubi is an ancient town located in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of around 73,000 people and is the fourth largest city in the Vallès Occidental region. Barcelona is 33 minutes away by train. Rubi is bordered by Sant Quirze del Vallès, Ullastrell, Sant Cugat del Vallès, and Castellbisbal. The districts of Rubi include El Pinar, Can Rosés, Ca N' Oriol, Les Torres, and 25 de Setembre. Transportation options in the city include cars, motorcycles, trucks, walking, bicycles, and public transportation. Some natural areas of Rubi are Ca N' Oriol
This document provides guidelines for increasing rubber yield in rubber production through good land preparation, varieties, soil and fertilizer management, and irrigation or climate practices. It recommends a suitable planting density, quality soil with good properties and less environmental impact. A productive soil chart and rubber fertilization rates by tree age and soil type are included. Foliar application of chitosan is advised to add antimicrobial benefits against viruses and enhance the plant's response to infection. Meeting the rubber yield target involves research collaboration, and supplying fertilizers, soil amendments, foliar treatments and tapping substances.
The document discusses teams and teamwork. It defines a team as a group of people linked by a common purpose who work interdependently towards both personal and team goals. Teams are appropriate for complicated or interconnected tasks. Effective teams have clear goals, productive structures, competent members, unified commitment, collaborative climates, understood high standards, external support, and principled leadership. Teams progress through forming, storming, norming, and performing stages as members learn to work together effectively. The results of effective teamwork can be highly accomplished.
The document describes various types of fasteners and fittings for furniture including nails, tacks, rivets, screws, mirror brackets, and mirror mounts. It provides specifications for different sizes of brass plated and plain steel trunk nails and tacks, brass plated split rivets, brass and steel screw posts, black and plated steel screws, antique brass and nickel plated mirror brackets, brass plated steel rear mount mirror supports, cast brass and antique brass cheval mirror mounts, and surface mounting clips. Directions are also provided for using split rivet caps.
Rubi is an ancient town located in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of around 73,000 people and is the fourth largest city in the Vallès Occidental region. Barcelona is 33 minutes away by train. Rubi is bordered by Sant Quirze del Vallès, Ullastrell, Sant Cugat del Vallès, and Castellbisbal. The city contains several districts like El Pinar, Can Rosés, Ca N' Oriol, Les Torres, and 25 de Setembre. Main roads include Avenida de l'Estatut, Carrer de Francesc Macià, and Carrer dels Molins del Rei. People can
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sumber-sumber radiasi alam dan buatan. Sumber radiasi alam terdiri dari radiasi kosmik yang berasal dari luar angkasa, dan radiasi dari radionuklida alam seperti uranium dan thorium di kerak bumi. Sumber radiasi buatan meliputi radiasi nuklir dari aktivitas nuklir buatan manusia, dan zat radioaktif yang digunakan dalam rumah sakit. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses pembentukan
This document lists various types of mouldings, beading, trim, and pressed wood ornaments available for sale. It provides specifications for half round and full round rope trim, beading, dentil moulding, and pressed wood ornaments in different sizes, widths, diameters, and wood types including maple, oak, birch, and walnut. Mouldings are available individually or in pairs.
The document lists various furniture fittings and accessories including brass knobs, wood knobs, drawer pulls, catches, and antique pulls. It provides the dimensions and materials of each fitting. The listings include the diameter, projection, and other relevant measurements of each item. A wide variety of styles and sizes of knobs, pulls, and other fittings are described.
The document outlines the responsibilities of a materials controller in a furniture manufacturing factory, including receiving, inspecting, storing, maintaining, and distributing raw materials and ensuring proper documentation and inventory controls are followed. Key requirements for the role include knowledge of materials, management processes, and record keeping systems. Proper storage and handling of different material types is also discussed based on their physical properties.
The document discusses the importance of body language in soft skills and interactions. It notes that body language helps keep people's attention, create a good atmosphere, and have more impact. Some key aspects of body language covered include how to stand confidently and avoid nervous movements, how to appear energetic through posture and eye contact, how to look relaxed through smiling and breathing slowly, and the proper way to do a handshake. The document provides tips on body language dos and don'ts for discussions, interviews, and interactions. It also discusses territorial spaces and reactions to invasions of one's personal space.
The document summarizes Malaysia's furniture trade from 2004-2007. It shows that Malaysia's total furniture exports grew from RM7.05 billion in 2004 to RM8.55 billion in 2007. The top export destination was the USA, though its share declined in 2007. Wooden furniture comprised the majority of exports, with wooden seats and office furniture being the fastest growing segments. Imports remained relatively flat during this period.
This document introduces some of the key sources and branches of law in Portugal. It discusses the main sources of law as customary law, legal precedents, equity, doctrine, and statutes. It also outlines some of the major branches of law as constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law, civil law, and fiscal law. Criminal law in particular aims to protect important social values and prevent criminal actions through both acts and omissions. Administrative law regulates the organization of the Portuguese state and public entities.
The document summarizes Malaysia's trade performance and furniture exports from 2004-2007. Total Malaysian exports grew around 3-5% annually while furniture exports grew around 6-8% yearly over this period. The top export destinations for Malaysian furniture were the US, Japan, Australia, and others, with wooden and metal furniture comprising the majority of exports. Office and kitchen furniture saw some of the strongest export growth rates to countries like India, UAE, and Australia.
The document lists various furniture leg and caster fittings including stamped steel claw foot toe caps, bun feet in various styles, diameters and heights, sofa and queen anne legs, casters with wood or porcelain wheels in different sizes, and nails. Dimensions and load capacities are provided for each fitting type.
The document describes various types of fasteners and furniture fittings including nails, decorative nails, bed hardware, bail pulls, bin pulls, and bells. It provides details on the materials, sizes, finishes, and intended uses of over 50 different fastener and fitting products. The products are for general woodworking and furniture making/repair applications.
The document lists various types of furniture fittings and accessories including dowel rods, dowel pins, dowel centers, butterfly hinges, flush mount hinges, drop leaf table hinges, concealed hinges, hinges, strap hinges, pivot hinges, lift off hinges, trunk hinges, ice box hardware, trunk lid stays, rollers, studs, trunk locks, drawbolts, and catches. The items are made of materials like hardwood, brass, steel, and bronze. Sizes vary with the specific fitting or accessory described.
This document provides tips to improve concentration. It recommends practicing a two minute concentration exercise by staring at a watch without distractions. Reading unfamiliar passages and closing your eyes can also help enhance focus by removing visual stimuli. Regular practice of concentration exercises over 21 days can improve the ability to focus for extended periods without mental wandering.
Rubi is an ancient town located in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of around 73,000 people and is the fourth largest city in the Vallès Occidental region. Barcelona is 33 minutes away by train. Rubi is bordered by Sant Quirze del Vallès, Ullastrell, Sant Cugat del Vallès, and Castellbisbal. The districts of Rubi include El Pinar, Can Rosés, Ca N' Oriol, Les Torres, and 25 de Setembre. Transportation options in the city include cars, motorcycles, trucks, walking, bicycles, and public transportation. Some natural areas of Rubi are Ca N' Oriol
This document provides guidelines for increasing rubber yield in rubber production through good land preparation, varieties, soil and fertilizer management, and irrigation or climate practices. It recommends a suitable planting density, quality soil with good properties and less environmental impact. A productive soil chart and rubber fertilization rates by tree age and soil type are included. Foliar application of chitosan is advised to add antimicrobial benefits against viruses and enhance the plant's response to infection. Meeting the rubber yield target involves research collaboration, and supplying fertilizers, soil amendments, foliar treatments and tapping substances.
The document discusses teams and teamwork. It defines a team as a group of people linked by a common purpose who work interdependently towards both personal and team goals. Teams are appropriate for complicated or interconnected tasks. Effective teams have clear goals, productive structures, competent members, unified commitment, collaborative climates, understood high standards, external support, and principled leadership. Teams progress through forming, storming, norming, and performing stages as members learn to work together effectively. The results of effective teamwork can be highly accomplished.
The document describes various types of fasteners and fittings for furniture including nails, tacks, rivets, screws, mirror brackets, and mirror mounts. It provides specifications for different sizes of brass plated and plain steel trunk nails and tacks, brass plated split rivets, brass and steel screw posts, black and plated steel screws, antique brass and nickel plated mirror brackets, brass plated steel rear mount mirror supports, cast brass and antique brass cheval mirror mounts, and surface mounting clips. Directions are also provided for using split rivet caps.
Rubi is an ancient town located in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of around 73,000 people and is the fourth largest city in the Vallès Occidental region. Barcelona is 33 minutes away by train. Rubi is bordered by Sant Quirze del Vallès, Ullastrell, Sant Cugat del Vallès, and Castellbisbal. The city contains several districts like El Pinar, Can Rosés, Ca N' Oriol, Les Torres, and 25 de Setembre. Main roads include Avenida de l'Estatut, Carrer de Francesc Macià, and Carrer dels Molins del Rei. People can
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sumber-sumber radiasi alam dan buatan. Sumber radiasi alam terdiri dari radiasi kosmik yang berasal dari luar angkasa, dan radiasi dari radionuklida alam seperti uranium dan thorium di kerak bumi. Sumber radiasi buatan meliputi radiasi nuklir dari aktivitas nuklir buatan manusia, dan zat radioaktif yang digunakan dalam rumah sakit. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses pembentukan
This document lists various types of mouldings, beading, trim, and pressed wood ornaments available for sale. It provides specifications for half round and full round rope trim, beading, dentil moulding, and pressed wood ornaments in different sizes, widths, diameters, and wood types including maple, oak, birch, and walnut. Mouldings are available individually or in pairs.
The document lists various furniture fittings and accessories including brass knobs, wood knobs, drawer pulls, catches, and antique pulls. It provides the dimensions and materials of each fitting. The listings include the diameter, projection, and other relevant measurements of each item. A wide variety of styles and sizes of knobs, pulls, and other fittings are described.
The document outlines the responsibilities of a materials controller in a furniture manufacturing factory, including receiving, inspecting, storing, maintaining, and distributing raw materials and ensuring proper documentation and inventory controls are followed. Key requirements for the role include knowledge of materials, management processes, and record keeping systems. Proper storage and handling of different material types is also discussed based on their physical properties.
The document discusses the importance of body language in soft skills and interactions. It notes that body language helps keep people's attention, create a good atmosphere, and have more impact. Some key aspects of body language covered include how to stand confidently and avoid nervous movements, how to appear energetic through posture and eye contact, how to look relaxed through smiling and breathing slowly, and the proper way to do a handshake. The document provides tips on body language dos and don'ts for discussions, interviews, and interactions. It also discusses territorial spaces and reactions to invasions of one's personal space.
The document summarizes Malaysia's furniture trade from 2004-2007. It shows that Malaysia's total furniture exports grew from RM7.05 billion in 2004 to RM8.55 billion in 2007. The top export destination was the USA, though its share declined in 2007. Wooden furniture comprised the majority of exports, with wooden seats and office furniture being the fastest growing segments. Imports remained relatively flat during this period.
This document introduces some of the key sources and branches of law in Portugal. It discusses the main sources of law as customary law, legal precedents, equity, doctrine, and statutes. It also outlines some of the major branches of law as constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law, civil law, and fiscal law. Criminal law in particular aims to protect important social values and prevent criminal actions through both acts and omissions. Administrative law regulates the organization of the Portuguese state and public entities.
The document summarizes Malaysia's trade performance and furniture exports from 2004-2007. Total Malaysian exports grew around 3-5% annually while furniture exports grew around 6-8% yearly over this period. The top export destinations for Malaysian furniture were the US, Japan, Australia, and others, with wooden and metal furniture comprising the majority of exports. Office and kitchen furniture saw some of the strongest export growth rates to countries like India, UAE, and Australia.
The document lists various furniture leg and caster fittings including stamped steel claw foot toe caps, bun feet in various styles, diameters and heights, sofa and queen anne legs, casters with wood or porcelain wheels in different sizes, and nails. Dimensions and load capacities are provided for each fitting type.
The document describes various types of fasteners and furniture fittings including nails, decorative nails, bed hardware, bail pulls, bin pulls, and bells. It provides details on the materials, sizes, finishes, and intended uses of over 50 different fastener and fitting products. The products are for general woodworking and furniture making/repair applications.
The document lists various types of furniture fittings and accessories including dowel rods, dowel pins, dowel centers, butterfly hinges, flush mount hinges, drop leaf table hinges, concealed hinges, hinges, strap hinges, pivot hinges, lift off hinges, trunk hinges, ice box hardware, trunk lid stays, rollers, studs, trunk locks, drawbolts, and catches. The items are made of materials like hardwood, brass, steel, and bronze. Sizes vary with the specific fitting or accessory described.
The document lists and provides specifications for various furniture parts and accessories. It includes details on chair parts like heavy duty swivel bases, rocker bases, and oak rocker runners. It also lists high chair parts, tray arms, safety straps, as well as finials, spindles and pegs of various sizes. Measurements are provided for length, width, thickness and diameters. Materials include steel, oak, pine and leather.
The document provides an organization chart for a manufacturing operation. It shows that the Operation Chief Executive oversees the Operation Manager, who oversees the Factory Manager. Under the Factory Manager are positions like Production Planning & Control, Production Manager, Material Manager, Maintenance & Engineering, and Research & Design. The chart also lists some roles under Production Manager like QC, Tally, QC Inventory, and Tooling.
The document discusses the benefits of using paste wax to protect and maintain wood furniture finishes. It provides perspectives from woodworking experts who recommend using wax as the best choice for furniture care. Wax forms a protective layer that prevents superficial scratches and dents from damaging the underlying finish. It also helps prevent dust from sticking to furniture surfaces. The document provides tips on applying and maintaining wax finishes on wood furniture.
This document discusses different types of veneer available for woodworking projects. It describes standard veneer, which is cut into thin sheets and sold by the square foot, and flexible veneer, which is manufactured into wide, thin, and flexible sheets for easier application. Standard veneer requires more preparation like sanding and jointing of multiple narrow sheets, while flexible veneer is pre-flattened and jointed but more expensive. The document also provides instructions for cutting veneer with a veneer saw or craft knife, and edge jointing sheets of standard veneer using a homemade jig to ensure a tight seam.
This document provides information about shellac flakes and how to mix and apply shellac as a finish. It describes different types of shellac flakes like seed lac, button lac, garnet lac, and lemon yellow. It explains how to mix shellac flakes with denatured alcohol at different "cuts" or concentrations. Application tips are given, such as applying multiple thin coats, using a retarder to reduce brush marks, and sanding between coats. Final rubbing and waxing of the dried shellac finish is also outlined.
This document provides instructions for using rottenstone and pumice to polish and finish wood surfaces. Rottenstone can be used as the final polishing compound to produce a high gloss finish on lacquer, varnish and shellac. It is also used to antique gilt finishes and dust mats. Pumice comes in varying grit sizes and can be used to hand rub wood finishes to a matte surface in preparation for polishing with rottenstone. The instructions describe the supplies needed, preparation of the wood surface, lubricating with oil or water, rubbing technique, and allowing time for the finish to harden before applying protective wax.
French polishing is a process of coating wood with shellac dissolved in alcohol using a "rubber" made of rag and cotton wool. It produces a fine looking finish for furniture. The process involves bodying in the shellac to fill pores, building up layers, and spiriting out for a high gloss finish. Proper preparation of the wood surface is important for a smooth result.
The document provides instructions for preparing furniture for refinishing. It explains that the first step is to remove all old finish from the furniture by using a commercial paint or varnish remover and carefully scraping it off with a putty knife or scraper. It notes to be careful when removing finish from veneered surfaces to avoid damaging the wood. It also recommends washing the surface after removing the old finish. The next steps involve allowing the wood to dry completely before sanding it smooth to prepare for a new finish.
The document provides tips for furniture finishing and repair. It discusses how to remove waxy build-up, hide light scratches, paint over an existing finish, remove white spots from water, and tips for handling and moving furniture. Key points include using mineral spirits or steel wool to remove waxy build-up, using padding lacquer or polishing compounds to hide light scratches, thorough sanding and cleaning when painting over a finish, and using steel wool or oils to remove white spots from water damage.
The document shows a diagram of a palm tree with labeled measurements for different parts of the tree. The trunk is 7.8 meters tall and branches begin 9 meters from the base. The fronds extend out 2.4 meters from the branches.
RUB CURE is a treatment substance made from rubber tree parts that increases rubber yield. It is a dried powder containing minerals that forms a hard protective clammy layer when dissolved in water and applied to rubber trees. Field tests in Thailand found that applying RUB CURE to 16 and 22-year-old rubber trees increased their daily dry rubber yield by over 30% with costs of just 1 kg per 3 hectares and benefits such as reduced fungicide use and increased farmer income over 15%.
Lawatan pertama ke ladang untuk menilai kesan penggunaan baja kimia tanpa rawatan tanah. Gambar sebelum dan selepas rawatan menunjukkan kesan positif dengan rumpai berkurangan selepas 2 bulan. Lawatan kedua akan menilai kesan baja pencegah penyakit dan wood vinegar setelah 3 minggu rawatan tanah.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi tentang penggunaan pupuk dan pengayaan tanah untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman. Dibahas tentang pentingnya mikroorganisme dalam tanah, dan bagaimana penambahan zat organik dan pupuk kimia dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah serta hasil tanaman. Juga dibahas mengenai kunjung ke ladang-ladang di Thailand untuk mempelajari teknik budidaya yang lebih baik.
2. We are proud to present
• Best fertilizers
• Best soil conditioner * Variety
products
• Competitive price * Best Results
• High-Tech Production
• Friendly to environment
www.cleanagent.net E-mail: zaini@cleanagent.net
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3. Palm oil yield over the tree age
40 35 years
35
THAILAND
Yield (tan/hk/th)
30
25
MALAYSIA
20
Aging
15
10
Maturity
5 Maturing
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Tree age (years)
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7. KADAR PENGGUNAAN BAJA
UNTUK TANAMAN SAWIT (THAILAND) Kadar penggunaan baja
Tahun Bulan Baja mineral Baja semburan
Baja kimia
semulahjadi
(25:7:7)
2 200
Foliar 4x
1 6 200 0.5 kg/2X/TAHUN
setahun
10 200
14 200
(25:7:7)
18 500 Foliar 4x
2 1 kg/2X/TAHUN
22 500 setahun
26 500
(15:5:35)
30 1 kg Foliar 4x
3 1.5 kg/2X/TAHUN
34 1 kg setahun
38 1 kg
(15:5:35)
40 1.3 kg Foliar 4x
4 1.5 kg/2X/TAHUN
44 1.3 kg setahun
48 1.3 kg
(15:5:35)
52 1.5kg Foliar 4x
5 2.0 kg/2X/TAHUN
56 1.5kg setahun
60 1.5kg
(15:5:35)
2.0 kg/2X/TAHUN
64 2.0 kg Foliar 4x
6
68 setahun
zaini@cleanagent.net www.cleanagent.net 2.0 kg
72 2.0 kg
8. Baja Pulih Tanah dari Thailand
PERANAN & FUNGSI
BERASAS MINERAL & DOLOMITE
•Membantu memulih dan meningkat tahap kesuburan tanah
•Menguraikan jisim organik
•Meningkatkan kadar mineral sedia ada kepada tumbuhan
•Menguraikan toksin
•Menggalakkan pertumbuhan akar yang sihat
•Membantu mengurangkan FUNGAL, PATHOGEN, NEMATODE dan
LAIN-LAIN PENYAKIT dalam tanah
•Membantu tanaman mempunyai daya tahan penyakit dan cuaca
panas & kemarau
•Membantu meningkatkan pH tanah
9. Kajian Saintis Thailand terhadap Permasalahan
Petani dan Cara Mengatasinya
• Tahap pengetahuan petani terhadap amalan pertanian serta kefahaman
terhadap pentingnya tanah adalah rendah – mereka perlu di didik.
• Penggunaan secara berterusan baja kimia telah memusnahkan kehidupan
organisma dalam tanah dan menjadikan tanah makin tandus.
• Penggunaan baja NPK membantu memberi makanan terus kepada
tanaman, dan dengan hanya segelintir bahan NPK tidak mempunyai
nutrien yang lengkap untuk membantu tanaman dan tanah yang subur.
• Semakin banyak organisma dan mikro organisma di dalam tanah semakin
banyak menyumbang keperluan nutrien dan mineral kepada tanaman.
• Organisma dan mikro organisma juga mamu meningkatkan daya tahan
serangan penyakit dan tanaman makin sihat.
• Baja kimia NPK adalah makanan kepada tanaman dan bukannya makanan
kepada mikrob dalam tanah.
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10. APAKAH LANGKAH PERTAMA YANG
PERLU DIBUAT UNTUK MENGATASI
MASALAH PETANI ?
• PENDEDAHAN PETANI KEPADA PENGETAHUAN
ASAS TANI
• MEMPERBAIKI STRUKTUR TANAH TELAH
ROSAK
• MENGEMBALIKAN NUTRIENT YANG TELAH
SUSUT/HABIS DALAM TANAH
zaini@cleanagent.net www.cleanagent.net
11. Kajian Saintis Thailand terhadap Permasalahan
Petani dan Cara Mengatasinya
• Tahap pengetahuan petani terhadap amalan pertanian serta kefahaman
terhadap pentingnya tanah adalah rendah – mereka perlu di didik.
• Penggunaan secara berterusan baja kimia telah memusnahkan kehidupan
organisma dalam tanah dan menjadikan tanah makin tandus.
• Penggunaan baja NPK membantu memberi makanan terus kepada
tanaman, dan dengan hanya segelintir bahan NPK tidak mempunyai
nutrien yang lengkap untuk membantu tanaman dan tanah yang subur.
• Semakin banyak organisma dan mikro organisma di dalam tanah semakin
banyak menyumbang keperluan nutrien dan mineral kepada tanaman.
• Organisma dan mikro organisma juga mamu meningkatkan daya tahan
serangan penyakit dan tanaman makin sihat.
• Baja kimia NPK adalah makanan kepada tanaman dan bukannya makanan
kepada mikrob dalam tanah.
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12. Apakah MIKROB dan Apakah Peranan
MIKROB
• Mikrob adalah bentuk kehidupan yang tertua di bumi ( lebih daripada 3.8
billion tahun)
• Mikrob adalah organisma mikro skopik, kulat, bakteria, protozoa dan virus
jenis mikrob yang berbeza.
• Terdapat mikrob pemusnah (pathogen). Mikrob yang baik membantu
haiwan dan manusia.
• Kombinasi antara mikrob-mikrob yang baik membantu petani-petani
menghasilkan tanaman yang banyak.
• Mikrob mampu mengubah kompaun organik yang komplek seperti tanin,
linguin, protein karbohidrat, selulos, pektin dan sebagainya kepada bentuk
yang boleh digunakan oleh tumbuhan dalam proses pertumbuhan.
• Mikrob membantu menghasilkan tanah dengan menggabungkan secara
fizikal jisim tanah. Mereka menghasilkan glomalin yang bertindak sebagai
gam untk mencantum jisim tanah liat dan bahan organik.
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13. FAKTOR PENTING YANG MENYEBABKAN
TANAH TANAMAN YANG SIHAT
MIKROB
• MEMPERBAIKI PENGEMBURAN TANAH
• MENGURAIKAN JISIM TANAH
• MENINGKATKAN KADAR TAKUNGAN AIR
• MEMPROSES MINERAL SEDIA ADA & MENGELUARKAN NUTRIEN
KEPERLUAN ASAS UTK TANAMAN
• MENINGKATKAN DAYA KETAHANAN TANAMAN DARI SERANGAN
SERANGGA DAN PENYAKIT
• MENGALAKKAN PERTUMBUHAN AKAR YANG SIHAT
• MENGURAIKAN TOKSIN
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14. MIKROB MAMPU MEMPROSES MINERAL
SEDIA ADA & MENGELUARKAN NUTRIEN
ASAS UNTUK TANAMAN
• NITROBACTER N
• PDO COCCUS N
• BACILLUS SUBTITUS P
• ASPERGILLUS P
• BACILLUSSERCULENSE K
• MICORRYSA K
• POLYPEROUS K
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15. Penggunaan Baja di
Thailand & Malaysia
THAILAND MALAYSIA
9 MILLION TONS 4 MILLION TONS
Chemical Fertilizer Chemical Fertilizer
50% 90%
Mineral Organic Mineral Organic
Fertilizer 50% Fertilizer 10%
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16. Control plot Test plot
after 2 months
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17. Test plot control plot
after 2 months
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50. Control plot Test plot
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51. Control plot Test plot
after 2 months
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52. Test plot control plot
after 2 months
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53. 8 days after application
Of dolomite
(test plot)
Control plot
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54. after 2 months
Control plot
Test plot
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55. Berikut adalah gambar cerita benar yang
telah terjadi di ladang sawit
pekebun kecil En MD NOOR
di Sg Besar,Sabak Bernam,Selangor.
Pembajaan pertamaTonmai telah
diaplikasikan pada bulan Februari 2008
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60. ..BAJA TONMAI MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN KUALITI HASIL
SAYA….MD NOOR
LAWATAN PEGUNJUNG DARI SARAWAK
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61. BERBUAH TIDAK BERBUAH
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62. BERBUAH TIDAK BERBUAH
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63. NILAI SEPOKOK SAWIT YANG BERKUALITI
Tempoh Nilai
17 kg
Sebulan
RM 10.20
200 kg
Setahun
RM 120
4.0 tan
20 tahun
RM 2,400
Harga BTS: RM
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600.00/tan
64. NILAI SEHEKTAR POKOK SAWIT BERKUALITI
Tempoh Nilai
2.5 tan
Sebulan
RM 1500.00
30 tan
Setahun
RM 18,000.00
600 tan
20 tahun
RM 360,000.00
Harga BTS : RM 600.00/ta
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Densiti tanaman : 148 pokok
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65. KOS PEMBAJAAN SAWIT PADA USIA
MELEBIHI 5 TAHUN DI THAILAND
• NPK 15:5:35 5KG/TAHUN RM?.??
• SOIL CONDITIONER 4KG/TAHUN RM 3.80
• KESERITE 1KG/TAHUN RM 1.20
• BORON 75GRM/TAHUN RM 0.50
• FOLIAR 3X/TAHUN RM O.50
JUMLAH RM?.??
INSYAALAH HASIL MENINGKAT 20 – 30%
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66. KOS PEMBAJAAN GETAH PADA USIA
MELEBIHI 7 TAHUN DI THAILAND
• NPK 20:8:20 0.6-1 KG/TAHUN RM?.??
• SOIL CONDITIONER 2KG/TAHUN RM2.40.
• FOLIAR 3X/TAHUN RM O.20
JUMLAH RM?.??
INSYAALAH HASIL MENINGKAT 20 – 30%
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67. KADAR PENGGUNAAN BAJA TUNGGAL
(POHON/TAHUN)
JENIS BAJA KADAR/POHON/TAHUN RM
MOP 2.5KG - 3.5KG (2X) 7.5 – 10.5
AS 5.0KG – 7.0KG (2X) 7.5 – 10.5
RP 1.0KG - 2.0KG (1X) 1.5 – 3.0
KESERITE 1.0KG (1X) 1.5
BORON 100GRAM (1X) 0.3
JUMLAH(A) 18.3 – 25.8
Mineral fertilizer(B) 4KG (2X) 6.0
PENJIMATAN BAJA KIMIA 35% (C) 6.4 – 9.0
JUMLAH KOS BARU (A)-(C)+(B) 17.9 – 22.8
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68. KADAR PENGGUNAAN BAJA KOMPOUN
F1 (N:10, P:5.4, K:16.2+2.7Mgo+0.5B)
(POHON/TAHUN)
USIA SAWIT KADAR POHON/TAHUN RM
1 TAHUN 3.5KG 7.0
2 TAHUN 5.0KG 10.0
3 TAHUN 6.0KG 12.0
4 TAHUN 7.5KG 15.0
5 TAHUN 8.0KG 16.0
>6 TAHUN 9.5KG 19.0
NOTA;
JUMLAH YANG DICADANGKAN OLEH MPOB :
BAGI HASIL ANTARA 25MT – 30MT JUMLAH F1 SEPOHON ADALAH
10KG – 11KG (RM20.00 – 22.00)
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69. KADAR & KOS PENGGUNAAN BAJA KOMPOUN F1
(SEPOHON/TAHUN)SELEPAS APLIKASI BAJA
PULIH TANAH
USIA SAWIT KADAR RM PENGGUNAAN BAJA PULIH TANAH JUMLAH KOS
SEPOHON/TAHUN BARU
ASAL BARU ASAL BARU KADAR/TAHUN RM RM
1 TAHUN 3.5KG 2.2KG 7.0 4.4 1KG 1.5 5.9
2 TAHUN 5.0KG 3.3KG 10.0 6.6 2KG 3.0 9.6
3 TAHUN 6.0KG 4.0KG 12.0 8.0 3KG 4.5 12.5
4 TAHUN 7.5KG 4.9KG 15.0 9.8 4KG 6.0 15.8
5 TAHUN 8.0KG 5.2KG 16.0 10.4 4KG 6.0 16.4
>6 TAHUN 9.0KG 5.9KG 18.0 11.8 4-5KG 6.0 17.8
NOTA;
HARGA F1 1MT=RM2000
HARGA BAJA PULIH TANAH 1MT=RM1500
PENGGUNAAN F1 BERKURANG SEBANYAK 35% SELEPAS APLIKASA BAJA PP INTERCROP
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