The document discusses the Fertile Crescent and early farming communities that developed in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers beginning around 3500 BC. It notes that Mesopotamia, which means "between the rivers" in Greek, was home to Homo sapiens who lived in cities and accomplished developments like creating fire, language, and advanced tools. The document also asks questions about the advantages and disadvantages of living near rivers as well as the hominid and accomplishments of those living in Mesopotamian cities in ancient times.