Prescription drug addiction can happen to anyone. The rate of prescription drug abuse among Americans is increasing more and more every day. Overcoming addiction to prescription drugs often requires detoxification and therapeutic treatment. We understand that finding the right addiction rehab center can be frustrating. For help, go to FindRehabCenters.org or contact us at (877) 322-2450.
OPIOIDSWHAT ARE OPIOIDS• Psychoactive substances.docxLacieKlineeb
OPIOIDS
WHAT ARE
OPIOIDS
• Psychoactive substances
derived from the poppy plant,
or their synthetic analogues
• Derived from the resin that
comes from the seed pod of
the plant
• Used in medications to treat
pain
EXAMPLES OF OPIOIDS
• Prescription Opioids
• Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• Codeine
• Morphine
• Illicit Opioids
• Heroin
• Synthetic
• Fentanyl
• Carfentanil
ALIASES, FORMS, AND METHODS OF
ABUSE
• Street Names: Big H, Black Tar, Brown Sugar, Dover's Powder, Hillbilly Heroin,
Horse, Junk, Lean or Purple Drank, MPTP (New Heroin), Mud, OC, Ox, Oxy,
Oxycotton, Paregoric, Sippin Syrup, Smack
• Forms: Tablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from
white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection,
syrups, suppositories, and lollipops
• Methods of abuse: Can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected.
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Prescribed to treat pain, suppress cough, cure diarrhea, and put people to sleep
• Effect on body
• Depends heavily on the dose, how it’s taken, and previous exposure to the drug
• Negative effects include: slowed physical activity, constriction of the pupils, flushing of
the face and neck, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and slowed breathing
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Effect on mind - Produces a general sense of well-being
• Reduces tension, anxiety, and aggression
• Unwanted effects: Drowsiness, inability to concentrate, and apathy
• Can create dependence
• Long after the physical need for the drug has passed, a person may continue to
think and talk about using drugs and feel overwhelmed coping with daily activities
OPIOID EFFECTS
• As the dose increases, both pain relief and the harmful effects become more
pronounced
• Physical dependence is a consequence of chronic opioid use, and withdrawal takes
place when drug use is discontinued
• Early withdrawal symptoms: watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, and sweating
• As withdrawal worsens, symptoms can include: restlessness, irritability, loss of
appetite, nausea, tremors, drug craving, severe depression, vomiting, increased heart
rate and blood pressure, and chills alternating with flushing and excessive sweating
• Most withdrawal physical symptoms disappear within days or weeks, depending on
the particular drug
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Overdose effects – Can be fatal
• Respiratory failure – lack of sufficient oxygen in the blood
• Vital organs like the heart and brain start to fail
• Leads to unconsciousness, coma, death
• Physical signs of opioid overdose include: Constricted (pinpoint) pupils, cold
clammy skin, confusion, convulsions, extreme drowsiness, and slowed breathing
U.S. EPIDEMIC
• In the U.S., 5,480 people initiate nonmedical use of prescription opioids on a daily basis
• Amounts to 2 million persons/year
• Reasons for increase in misuse/abuse
• Ease of access
• Prescriptions for these medications have increased dramat.
Keep your kids and your home drug free. Educate yourself about drugs. Teach your teen the dangers of alcohol and substance abuse.
Talk to your teen. Most importantly, listen to your teen.
Prescription drug addiction can happen to anyone. The rate of prescription drug abuse among Americans is increasing more and more every day. Overcoming addiction to prescription drugs often requires detoxification and therapeutic treatment. We understand that finding the right addiction rehab center can be frustrating. For help, go to FindRehabCenters.org or contact us at (877) 322-2450.
OPIOIDSWHAT ARE OPIOIDS• Psychoactive substances.docxLacieKlineeb
OPIOIDS
WHAT ARE
OPIOIDS
• Psychoactive substances
derived from the poppy plant,
or their synthetic analogues
• Derived from the resin that
comes from the seed pod of
the plant
• Used in medications to treat
pain
EXAMPLES OF OPIOIDS
• Prescription Opioids
• Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• Codeine
• Morphine
• Illicit Opioids
• Heroin
• Synthetic
• Fentanyl
• Carfentanil
ALIASES, FORMS, AND METHODS OF
ABUSE
• Street Names: Big H, Black Tar, Brown Sugar, Dover's Powder, Hillbilly Heroin,
Horse, Junk, Lean or Purple Drank, MPTP (New Heroin), Mud, OC, Ox, Oxy,
Oxycotton, Paregoric, Sippin Syrup, Smack
• Forms: Tablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from
white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection,
syrups, suppositories, and lollipops
• Methods of abuse: Can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected.
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Prescribed to treat pain, suppress cough, cure diarrhea, and put people to sleep
• Effect on body
• Depends heavily on the dose, how it’s taken, and previous exposure to the drug
• Negative effects include: slowed physical activity, constriction of the pupils, flushing of
the face and neck, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and slowed breathing
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Effect on mind - Produces a general sense of well-being
• Reduces tension, anxiety, and aggression
• Unwanted effects: Drowsiness, inability to concentrate, and apathy
• Can create dependence
• Long after the physical need for the drug has passed, a person may continue to
think and talk about using drugs and feel overwhelmed coping with daily activities
OPIOID EFFECTS
• As the dose increases, both pain relief and the harmful effects become more
pronounced
• Physical dependence is a consequence of chronic opioid use, and withdrawal takes
place when drug use is discontinued
• Early withdrawal symptoms: watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, and sweating
• As withdrawal worsens, symptoms can include: restlessness, irritability, loss of
appetite, nausea, tremors, drug craving, severe depression, vomiting, increased heart
rate and blood pressure, and chills alternating with flushing and excessive sweating
• Most withdrawal physical symptoms disappear within days or weeks, depending on
the particular drug
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Overdose effects – Can be fatal
• Respiratory failure – lack of sufficient oxygen in the blood
• Vital organs like the heart and brain start to fail
• Leads to unconsciousness, coma, death
• Physical signs of opioid overdose include: Constricted (pinpoint) pupils, cold
clammy skin, confusion, convulsions, extreme drowsiness, and slowed breathing
U.S. EPIDEMIC
• In the U.S., 5,480 people initiate nonmedical use of prescription opioids on a daily basis
• Amounts to 2 million persons/year
• Reasons for increase in misuse/abuse
• Ease of access
• Prescriptions for these medications have increased dramat.
Keep your kids and your home drug free. Educate yourself about drugs. Teach your teen the dangers of alcohol and substance abuse.
Talk to your teen. Most importantly, listen to your teen.
Heroin is a popular and dangerous drug of abuse. Having an addiction to heroin can result in irreversible consequences and it's important to seek treatment. Heroin addiction can be beaten with adequate treatment and rehab. FindRehabCenters.org can help located a rehab near you and direct you to the best treatment options.
The purpose of the Idaho’s Response to the Opioid Crisis (IROC) sub-grant is to promote the national best practice of connecting individuals seeking recovery from addiction with Recovery Coaches who assist them during the beginning stages of recovery and throughout their journey.
#IROC #HopeandRecovery #RecoveryIdaho
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. WHAT IS IT?
• Fentanyl is a powerful opioid prescribed for severe pain.
3. WAYS IT IS USED?
• Pharmaceutical:
• Injection
• Transdermal patch
• Transmucosal
• Lozenges
• Non-pharmaceutical:
• Powder
• Mixed with/substituted for heroin
4. WHAT ARE THE AFFECTS?
• Drowsiness
• Nausea
• Constipation
• Sedation
• Tolerance
• Addiction
• Respiratory depression
• Unconsciousness
• Death
5. WHY IS IT DANGEROUS?
• High doses effect the part of the brain that controls
breathing
• Its high potency and risk for tolerance makes it easy to
overdose
• Often mixed with other drugs such as heroin and cocaine
6. IN THE NEWS
• April, 2016 singer, Prince died from an accidental
overdose of fentanyl.
8. QUOTE
• “It is 25 to 40 times more potent than heroin and 50 to
100 times more potent than morphine.”
-NIDA, 2012
9. THOUGHTS AND QUESTIONS?
• Have you ever heard of fentanyl?
• Did you know fentanyl has a higher potency than some
more common drugs?
• What are your thoughts on the rapid increase of fentanyl
related deaths?
10. REFERENCES
• Ellis, R., & Sidner, S. (2016, June 3). Prince died of accidental overdose
of opioid fentanyl: Medical examiner. Retrieved from
http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/02/health/prince-death-opioid-
overdose/
• Fentanyl. (2016, June). Retrieved from
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl