Femur By,M. Thiru murugan Femur: The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest & strongest bone in the body. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles & ligaments It can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal. Proximal: The proximal aspect of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint. It consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes – the greater and lesser trochanters. There are also two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters; the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the trochanteric crest posteriorly. Head: articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint & Neck: connects the head of the femur with the shaft. The Shaft On the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, there are roughened ridges of bone, called the linea aspera (Latin for rough line). This splits distally to form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The flat popliteal surface lies between them. Proximally, the medial border of the linea aspera becomes the pectineal line. The lateral border becomes the gluteal tuberosity, where the gluteus maximus attaches. Distally, the linea aspera widens and forms the floor of the popliteal fossa, the medial and lateral borders form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The medial supracondylar line ends at the adductor tubercle. Distal: The distal end of the femur is characterized by the presence of the medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint. Medial and lateral condyles: rounded areas at the end of the femur. The posterior and inferior surfaces articulate with the tibia and the anterior surface articulates with the patella. Medial and lateral epicondyles: bony elevations on the non-articular areas of the condyles. The medial epicondyle is the larger. The space between the two condyles called Intercondylar fossa. Functions of Femur: Holding the weight of body when we stand and move. Stabilizing during movement. Connecting muscles, tendons and ligaments in hips and knees to the rest of your body. The femur maintains the body’s weight on the leg. The bottom of the femur is where all other leg bones are joined. However, the femur serves more than just physical movement. Both red and yellow bone marrow can be found in the femur’s shaft, essential for generating blood cells and fat storage. It isn’t easy to estimate blood circulation in the femur. The quantity is large enough that dehydration or shock can be treated by injecting sufficient fluid into the bloodstream through a needle placed in the spongy bone. The sturdy structure of the femur provides the strong hip and knee muscles with many secure attachment places for walking and other thrusting activities.

1. Femur

2. • Femur:
• The femur is the only bone in
the thigh and the longest &
strongest bone in the body.
• It acts as the site of origin and
attachment of many muscles &
ligaments
• It can be divided into three
parts; proximal, shaft and
distal.

3. • Proximal: The proximal aspect of the femur articulates
with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.
• It consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes –
the greater and lesser trochanters.
• There are also two bony ridges connecting the two
trochanters; the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and
the trochanteric crest posteriorly.
• Head: articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to
form the hip joint & Neck: connects the head of the
femur with the shaft.

4. Anterior surface of the proximal
right femur
Posterior surface of the
right femur

5. • The Shaft
• On the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, there are
roughened ridges of bone, called the linea
aspera (Latin for rough line). This splits distally to
form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The
flat popliteal surface lies between them.
• Proximally, the medial border of the linea aspera
becomes the pectineal line. The lateral border
becomes the gluteal tuberosity, where the gluteus
maximus attaches.
• Distally, the linea aspera widens and forms the floor of
the popliteal fossa, the medial and lateral borders form
the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The
medial supracondylar line ends at the adductor
tubercle.

6. • Distal: The distal end of the femur is characterized by the
presence of the medial and lateral condyles, which articulate
with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
• Medial and lateral condyles: rounded areas at the end of the
femur.
• The posterior and inferior surfaces articulate with the tibia and
the anterior surface articulates with the patella.
• Medial and lateral epicondyles: bony elevations on the non-
articular areas of the condyles.
• The medial epicondyle is the larger. The space between the two
condyles called Intercondylar fossa.

7. Anterior surface of the distal
right femur
Posterior surface of the distal
right femur

8. • Functions of Femur:
• Holding the weight of body when we stand and move.
• Stabilizing during movement.
• Connecting muscles, tendons and ligaments in hips and knees to the rest of your
body.
• The femur maintains the body’s weight on the leg. The bottom of the femur is
where all other leg bones are joined.
• However, the femur serves more than just physical movement. Both red and
yellow bone marrow can be found in the femur’s shaft, essential for generating
blood cells and fat storage.
• It isn’t easy to estimate blood circulation in the femur. The quantity is large
enough that dehydration or shock can be treated by injecting sufficient fluid into
the bloodstream through a needle placed in the spongy bone.
• The sturdy structure of the femur provides the strong hip and knee muscles with
many secure attachment places for walking and other thrusting activities.