Femoroacetabular impingement is a condition where the hip joint has an abnormal shape, causing the femur and pelvis to rub painfully together and damage cartilage. It is usually present from birth but can develop during teenage years. FAI is classified as cam, pincer, or combined types based on deformities of the femoral head or acetabulum. Symptoms include hip pain worsened by activity and limited range of motion. Diagnosis involves imaging and physical tests, while treatment ranges from medications to arthroscopic or open surgery depending on severity.

1. FEMOROACETABULAR
IMPINGEMENT
K.VAMSI KRISHNA REDDY
21BPTR207

2. Definition:
• Femoro-acetabular impingement, also called as hip
impingement
• is a condition where the hip joint does not have a
normal shape.
• This causes the bones to painfully rub against each
other
• the head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis.
• Causing the hyaline cartilage of acetabulum and
the two articulating surfaces to get damaged.

4. • Without treatment, FAI can damage the cartilage that
provides cushioning in the hip.
• This damage can lead to arthritis, or painful joint
deterioration.
• Causes:
• The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that attaches the
femur to the pelvis
• People with FAI have an abnormality in the ball (top of the
femur) or the socket (groove in the hip bone).
• The abnormality causes friction during movement
and can damage the surrounding cartilage and
labrum (cartilage that lines the hip socket).

5. • The abnormalities associated with FAI are usually
present at birth. But they can develop later in life,
especially during the teenage years.
• Classification:
• CAM: This type results from a bony growth at the head of
the femur. In some cases, physical activity may cause this
growth to occur. [deformity on head of femur}
• PINCER: Caused by extra bone growth in the hip socket,
this growth often happens during a child’s development.
• [deformity in the acetabulum of pelvis]

8. • Combined: Both the cam and pincer types of FAI are
present.
• [Both femoral head and acetabulum deformity]
• Physically active individuals may experience pain from FAI
earlier than people who are less active.
• But in most cases, exercise does not cause FAI.
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
• Hip pain that worsens during physical activity or long
periods of sitting
• Difficulty while flexing the hip beyond a right angle
• Hip stiffness
• Trouble in climbing up stairs
• Limping of the lower limb
• A loss of balance
• Development of HIP ARTHRITIS

9. • Diagnosis:
• Tests such as X-rays and MRIs helps to identify the
abnormalities and signs of damage in the hip joint.
• Impingement test: bring the subjects knee up to his chest and
rotates it toward the opposite shoulder, if the subject has
FAI he might feel high pain.
• Individuals with simple femur head fracture or acetabular
fracture may also feel the same kind of pain.
A physical evaluation helps to assess
the range of motion,
muscle strength and
the way the individual walk to determine if the hip joint
work properly or not.

12. • Treatment:
• Corticosteroids: help in reducing the inflammation in and around the
hip joint, can be given as injection form.
• NSAIDs: reduces inflammation and is typically taken in pill
form.
[aspirin, diclofenac, etodolac, celecoxib, parecoxib]
• REST: By limiting the activity, we can reduce the friction in
the hip joint.
• SURGERY: Arthroscopic hip surgery {minimal invasion}
• Traditional hip surgery {large incision in open
operation}

14. • Prevention:
• FAI cannot be prevented from coming but the progress of FAI
from damaging the hip joint or if arthritis has come then try to delay
the progress.

15. Please don’t over think after reading this
condition
Thank you for reading! Signing off