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This document discusses factors that influence the weathering of rocks and the role of weathering in the carbon cycle. The key factors that influence rock weathering are parent rock type, climate, organisms, topography, and time. Weathering breaks down rocks and minerals and releases calcium and bicarbonate ions that can precipitate out as calcium carbonate, removing carbon from the atmosphere. Over geological time, this carbon is stored in limestone deposits on land and under the seafloor.
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![Rock weathering: Weathering is the breaking
down of rocks, soil and minerals as well as
artificial materials through contact with the
Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters.
[wikipedia.org]
What are the factors for rock weathering?
……..any guess?](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Weathering Of Rocks
This document discusses weathering, which is the process of disintegration and decomposition of rocks by physical, chemical, and biological agents. It notes that rocks are composed of minerals and the earth is constantly changing through weathering. The key agents of weathering are listed as temperature changes, water, wind, glaciers, running water, sea waves, and underground water. The three types of weathering - physical, chemical, and biological - are defined. Physical weathering is caused by temperature changes and the freezing action of water. Chemical weathering breaks down rocks through chemical reactions influenced by water. Biological weathering results from the actions of plants, animals, and their roots penetrating cracks in rocks. Weathering leads to soil formation.
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Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical or chemical means. Mechanical weathering physically breaks rocks down without changing their chemical composition, through processes like freezing and thawing, abrasion, and exfoliation. Chemical weathering changes the minerals in rocks through reactions with oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to form acids, resulting in processes like oxidation, carbonation, and hydrolysis. Examples of mechanical weathering include abrasion and freezing and thawing, while examples of chemical weathering include oxidation, carbonation, and hydrolysis.
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Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering does not change the rock's chemical composition and is caused by factors like tree roots, ice expansion, and wind. Chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks through reactions with water, oxygen, and acids. Climate affects the rate of weathering, with freezing/thawing in cold areas and more chemical weathering in warm, wet regions speeding up the breakdown of rocks.
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The document discusses the causes and impacts of climate change. It explains that climate change is natural but is now exacerbated by human activities that release greenhouse gases. Key causes of climate change discussed are changes in the sun's output, shifts in Earth's orbit, continental drift, volcanic eruptions, and the greenhouse effect from increased greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect and urban heat islands are highlighted as human-caused factors. Carbon sources like fossil fuel burning and deforestation are outlined, as well as carbon sinks like forests, oceans, and wetlands that absorb carbon but are threatened by human activities.
Carbon cycle in the ocean discussion
Evald Maceno is a graduate student at UPR writing an outline for a class on coastal environments. The document outlines carbon as an element and its physical and chemical properties. It describes carbon as part of a global cycle, moving between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. This carbon cycle is impacted by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which increase CO2 levels and acidify the oceans. Rising ocean temperatures and acidification threaten marine life and food systems.
Unit I - Chemistry of Weathering Processes.pptx
Chemistry of Weathering Processes discusses the chemical reactions that break down rocks during weathering. Weathering occurs through low-temperature chemical processes involving water, air, acids, and organisms at Earth's surface. The main types of chemical weathering are dissolution, hydration/dehydration, hydrolysis, and oxidation-reduction. Dissolution occurs when minerals dissolve in water. Hydration and dehydration involve minerals gaining or losing water molecules. Hydrolysis replaces cations in minerals with hydrogen ions. Oxidation-reduction involves the gain or loss of electrons during reactions with oxygen. Climate, moisture, acidity, and oxygen availability control chemical weathering rates. Weathering breaks down rocks into sediments and soils.
63027 02
This document summarizes key aspects of soil formation processes. It discusses how the variety of materials encountered by geotechnical engineers ranges from hard rock to soft organic deposits. Soil identification and evaluation of properties is important for analysis and design. The document then provides an overview of processes involved in soil formation, including weathering of rock, erosion, transportation, deposition, and post-depositional changes. It discusses the composition and structure of the earth's crust and continental plates. Rocks and minerals are broken down through these natural processes over geological time to form the variety of soil types.
10 10 types of weathering
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
d. Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth.
earthlife.pdf
This document discusses exogenic and endogenic geological processes. Exogenic processes are external forces that act on the Earth's surface, such as sunlight and weathering, while endogenic processes originate internally in the Earth's crust from radioactive decay and residual heat. The document provides examples of various exogenic processes like physical weathering, frost weathering, chemical weathering including oxidation, carbonation, and solution. It also discusses endogenic processes like faulting that can lead to earthquakes. Mass wasting and soil erosion are further exogenic processes described.
Climatology-Climatology Chapter
The document provides information about the Earth, including its formation approximately 4.5 billion years ago, composition and structure of its atmosphere, and how the atmosphere has changed over geological time through volcanic outgassing and the rise of oxygen through photosynthesis. It notes that the early Earth had a secondary atmosphere produced by volcanic outgassing rather than a primordial one, and that oxygen levels increased once cyanobacteria began producing oxygen through photosynthesis approximately 3.8 billion years ago.
Weathering fill in the blank notes
This document provides an overview of weathering and erosion for geology students. It begins by listing the day's objectives of comparing and contrasting chemical and mechanical weathering and explaining what causes erosion. It then defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks by physical or chemical processes. It discusses the main causes of weathering as being water, wind, and ice. It defines the two types of weathering as physical (mechanical) and chemical weathering. For each type, it provides examples to illustrate physical weathering such as abrasion and frost action and chemical weathering such as reactions with water, acids, and air. It concludes by defining erosion as the transport of soil and sediment by forces like wind, water, and gravity and
ORIGIN OF CLAY AND CASE STUDY..
This case study analyzed clay occurrences around Kutigi Central Bida Basin in Nigeria. Detailed field mapping identified two hills near Kutigi town containing clay deposits. Laboratory analysis of samples from the hills using X-ray diffraction found them to be composed primarily of kaolinite and quartz minerals. Kaolinite alone constituted about 43.64% of the samples, while quartz constituted around 54.55%. This study characterized the geology and mineralogical composition of clays in this region of Nigeria.
Igneous rocks formaion through chemical weathering
Igneous rocks are generally termed as fire rocks formed either underground or above ground there are two types Intrusive, Extrusive igneous rocks mainly containing high silica content
Physical geology copy
This document discusses various types of weathering processes that affect rocks at Earth's surface. It describes physical weathering processes like exfoliation, frost action, salt wedging, and temperature changes that alter the dimensions but not composition of rocks. Chemical weathering processes like oxidation, carbonation, hydrolysis and acidification are also discussed, as they result in compositional changes. Biological weathering by tree roots and burrowing animals is also mentioned. The document introduces the concept of mobile and immobile ions during weathering. It describes the Chemical Index of Alteration and Goldich Weathering Series used to study the effects of chemical weathering. Finally, it briefly discusses artificial forms of weathering like quarrying, drilling and mining.
weathering of Rocks and minerals
This document summarizes key concepts related to weathering and soil formation processes. It describes how weathering breaks down rocks through physical and chemical processes, forming regolith. The main factors that influence soil formation are then outlined, including parent material, climate, topography, organisms/vegetation, and time. Specific weathering and soil forming processes are also defined, such as podzolization, laterization, and gleization. Key minerals and their weatherability are discussed. The role of various physical and chemical weathering agents such as water, wind, temperature changes are also summarized.
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Igneous rocks formaion through chemical weathering
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Feedback on Weathering of Rock
- 1. Feedback on Weathering of Rock By Sultan Chowdhury EAS 48800/Spring 2014
- 2. Rock weathering: Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil and minerals as well as artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters. [wikipedia.org] What are the factors for rock weathering? ……..any guess?
- 3. Factors of rock weathering: 1. Parent rock types 2. Climate 3. Organisms 4. Topography 5. Time ucsc.edu
- 4. Now, how weathering effects on carbon? • On land: Acidic rain’s pH<5.5 2CO2 + 3H2O + CaAl2Si2O8 (Anorthite)--------- Ca2+ + 2HCO3 + Al2Si2O5(OH)4(Kaolinite) Where as in the ocean, part of the above reaction is reversed: Ocean’s pH=8.2 • Ca2+ + 2HCO3 - --------------- CaCO3 + CO2+ H2O ucsc.edu
- 5. ucsc.edu
- 6. Columbia.edu
- 7. The carbon is now resting under the seafloor in layers of limestone
- 8. Atmospheric CO2 vs. time Berner (1997)
- 9. Annotated bibliography 1. Weathering. (n.d.). . Retrieved , from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering 2. Kalolin. (n.d.). . Retrieved , from http://www.mineralco.net/kaolin/kaolin.php 3. The Carbon Cycle and Earth's Climate. (n.d.). . Retrieved , from http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm 4. Schsinger. (n.d.). Rock weathering takes CO2 off the air. . Retrieved , from http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~wxcheng/envs23/lecture11/weath_schsinger.jpg 5. Berner, R. Atmospheric CO2 versus time. Science, 276, 544. 6. Quartz as a Rock-Forming Mineral. (2012, June 6). . Retrieved , from http://www.quartzpage.de/gen_rock.html 7. Jesssey, D. (n.d.). WEATHERING AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. . Retrieved , from http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Weathering.html 8.http://s155.n46.n171.n68.static.myhostcenter.com/WVFossils/Reference_Docs /Geocarb_III-Berner.pdf 9. Weathering of rocks impacts climate change. (2012, May 5). . Retrieved , from http://phys.org/news/2012-03-weathering-impacts-climate.html 10. Rock’s power to mop up carbon revisited. (2014, January 14). . Retrieved , from http://www.nature.com/news/rock-s-power-to-mop-up-carbon-revisited- 1.14560
- 10. Questions?
- 11. Thank you and good luck for finals!