The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal published Quarterly offers fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review. The use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
Aerodynamic Drag Reduction for A Generic Sport Utility Vehicle Using Rear Suc...IJERA Editor
The high demand for new and improved aerodynamic drag reduction devices has led to the invention of flow control mechanisms and continuous suction is a promising strategy that does not have major impact on vehicle geometry. The implementation of this technique on sport utility vehicles (SUV) requires adequate choice of the size and location of the opening as well as the magnitude of the boundary suction velocity. In this paper we introduce a new methodology to identifying these parameters for maximum reduction in aerodynamic drag. The technique combines automatic modeling of the suction slit, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a global search method using orthogonal arrays. It is shown that a properly designed suction mechanism can reduce drag by up to 9%.
IRJET- Optimization of Fink and Howe TrussesIRJET Journal
This document describes research on optimizing the weight of different truss configurations, including double fink, triple fink, modified fink, double Howe, and triple Howe trusses. The optimization problem aims to minimize weight by treating cross-sectional areas as design variables, while satisfying stress, buckling, and deflection constraints. An improved sequential linear programming technique is used to solve the optimization problem. The process involves developing a C program for load calculation, using MATLAB for truss analysis, and applying an optimizer based on improved SLP to determine optimized cross-sectional areas. A parametric study is then carried out by varying span, height, and spacing to identify the most economical truss configuration under the given conditions.
The document discusses stress analysis and durability studies of spur gears using finite element analysis tools. It outlines how FEA can be used to model contact stresses and bending stresses in gears to better understand gear failure from factors like pitting. The analysis aims to reduce transmission error and thereby noise generated by more accurately predicting stresses, stiffness, and life of gears.
This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of flow over an Ahmed body using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modelling. Three grids with different refinements were used. The Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model was chosen. The simulation results showed improved prediction of drag coefficient with finer grids but poorer prediction of velocity profiles compared to experimental data. Flow analysis identified two main vortices in the wake, with higher turbulence kinetic energy around the lower vortex, consistent with experiments.
- The document introduces the basics of rotor dynamics and discusses important concepts like critical speeds, mode shapes, and undamped critical speed maps.
- It analyzes a simple example rotor to demonstrate how changing parameters like bearing stiffness, bearing span, and shaft diameter affect the system's natural frequencies and mode shapes.
- Increasing the bearing stiffness or decreasing the bearing span generally causes the rotor's critical speeds to increase by inducing more bending in the shaft. The effects on the different mode shapes vary depending on these properties.
Parametric Optimization of Eicher 11.10 Chassis Frame for Weight Reduction Us...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The chassis serves as a backbone for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. It
should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. Along with strength, an
important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness. The main objective of the
research is to obtain the minimum weight of Eicher 11.10 chassis frame. The chassis frame is made of two side
members joined with a series of cross members. The number of cross members, their locations, cross-section
and the sizes of the side and the cross members becomes the design variables. The chassis frame model is to be
developed in Solid works and analyzed using Ansys. Since the no. of parameters and levels are more, the
probable models are too many. So, to select optimum parameters among them large no of modeling and analysis
work is involved which consumes more time. To overcome this problem TAGUCHI method along with FEA is
use. The weight reduction of the side bar is achieved by changing the Parameters using orthogonal array. Then
FEA is performed on those models to get the best solution. This method can save material used, production cost
and time.
Keywords: Parametric optimization, Chassis frame, FE analysis, FEA-DOE hybrid modeling, Weight
reduction
Design and Analysis of Auger in KAMCO Power Tillerinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Optimization of Multi Leaf Spring by using Design of Experiments & Simulated ...IJMER
This work carried out on a multi leaf spring of a tractor trolley with maximum load
carrying capacity of 5 Tones. The CAD model of this MLS has been modeled in CATIA V5. After
successfully preparing the CAD model, MLS is then tested in Static Structural Analysis workbench for
stress and deflection computations. The finite element analysis of the leaf spring has been performed by
converting the model into number of nodes and elements and then applying the relevant boundary
conditions under the static loading conditions. After implementation of FEA it was observed that the red
area close to shackle was undergoing maximum value of stress. This observation leads us to the
workbench of Knowledge ware and this aided us in studying the response of crucial output parameters of
MLS in the form of Stress and Deflection via Design of experiments. DOE paved the way for SAA where
optimization was carried out in order to reach the minimal stress. The corresponding values of camber
and leaf span were recorded for minimal stress
Aerodynamic Drag Reduction for A Generic Sport Utility Vehicle Using Rear Suc...IJERA Editor
The high demand for new and improved aerodynamic drag reduction devices has led to the invention of flow control mechanisms and continuous suction is a promising strategy that does not have major impact on vehicle geometry. The implementation of this technique on sport utility vehicles (SUV) requires adequate choice of the size and location of the opening as well as the magnitude of the boundary suction velocity. In this paper we introduce a new methodology to identifying these parameters for maximum reduction in aerodynamic drag. The technique combines automatic modeling of the suction slit, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a global search method using orthogonal arrays. It is shown that a properly designed suction mechanism can reduce drag by up to 9%.
IRJET- Optimization of Fink and Howe TrussesIRJET Journal
This document describes research on optimizing the weight of different truss configurations, including double fink, triple fink, modified fink, double Howe, and triple Howe trusses. The optimization problem aims to minimize weight by treating cross-sectional areas as design variables, while satisfying stress, buckling, and deflection constraints. An improved sequential linear programming technique is used to solve the optimization problem. The process involves developing a C program for load calculation, using MATLAB for truss analysis, and applying an optimizer based on improved SLP to determine optimized cross-sectional areas. A parametric study is then carried out by varying span, height, and spacing to identify the most economical truss configuration under the given conditions.
The document discusses stress analysis and durability studies of spur gears using finite element analysis tools. It outlines how FEA can be used to model contact stresses and bending stresses in gears to better understand gear failure from factors like pitting. The analysis aims to reduce transmission error and thereby noise generated by more accurately predicting stresses, stiffness, and life of gears.
This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of flow over an Ahmed body using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modelling. Three grids with different refinements were used. The Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model was chosen. The simulation results showed improved prediction of drag coefficient with finer grids but poorer prediction of velocity profiles compared to experimental data. Flow analysis identified two main vortices in the wake, with higher turbulence kinetic energy around the lower vortex, consistent with experiments.
- The document introduces the basics of rotor dynamics and discusses important concepts like critical speeds, mode shapes, and undamped critical speed maps.
- It analyzes a simple example rotor to demonstrate how changing parameters like bearing stiffness, bearing span, and shaft diameter affect the system's natural frequencies and mode shapes.
- Increasing the bearing stiffness or decreasing the bearing span generally causes the rotor's critical speeds to increase by inducing more bending in the shaft. The effects on the different mode shapes vary depending on these properties.
Parametric Optimization of Eicher 11.10 Chassis Frame for Weight Reduction Us...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The chassis serves as a backbone for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. It
should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. Along with strength, an
important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness. The main objective of the
research is to obtain the minimum weight of Eicher 11.10 chassis frame. The chassis frame is made of two side
members joined with a series of cross members. The number of cross members, their locations, cross-section
and the sizes of the side and the cross members becomes the design variables. The chassis frame model is to be
developed in Solid works and analyzed using Ansys. Since the no. of parameters and levels are more, the
probable models are too many. So, to select optimum parameters among them large no of modeling and analysis
work is involved which consumes more time. To overcome this problem TAGUCHI method along with FEA is
use. The weight reduction of the side bar is achieved by changing the Parameters using orthogonal array. Then
FEA is performed on those models to get the best solution. This method can save material used, production cost
and time.
Keywords: Parametric optimization, Chassis frame, FE analysis, FEA-DOE hybrid modeling, Weight
reduction
Design and Analysis of Auger in KAMCO Power Tillerinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Optimization of Multi Leaf Spring by using Design of Experiments & Simulated ...IJMER
This work carried out on a multi leaf spring of a tractor trolley with maximum load
carrying capacity of 5 Tones. The CAD model of this MLS has been modeled in CATIA V5. After
successfully preparing the CAD model, MLS is then tested in Static Structural Analysis workbench for
stress and deflection computations. The finite element analysis of the leaf spring has been performed by
converting the model into number of nodes and elements and then applying the relevant boundary
conditions under the static loading conditions. After implementation of FEA it was observed that the red
area close to shackle was undergoing maximum value of stress. This observation leads us to the
workbench of Knowledge ware and this aided us in studying the response of crucial output parameters of
MLS in the form of Stress and Deflection via Design of experiments. DOE paved the way for SAA where
optimization was carried out in order to reach the minimal stress. The corresponding values of camber
and leaf span were recorded for minimal stress
IRJET-Design, Analysis and Weight Optimization of Leaf Spring for Light Weigh...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design, analysis and weight optimization of leaf springs for light vehicles. The researchers modeled two different designs of a leaf spring using CREO 2.0 software and analyzed them using HYPERWORKS. The analysis found weight reductions of 14.47% for 55Si2Mn90 steel and 14.37% for 50CrV4 steel by incorporating holes into the leaf spring design. Finite element analysis showed von Mises stresses were 12.91% lower for 50CrV4 and 18.21% lower for 55Si2Mn90 with the optimized hole design compared to the original design under the same loading conditions. The study concluded the hole design successfully reduced weight by over 14%
The document discusses thermodynamic optimization of screw compressors. It describes using a numerical model of fluid flow and thermodynamic processes combined with a rotor profile generation algorithm to optimize a screw compressor design for a given application and fluid. Some key points:
- The optimization considers variables like rotor profile, compressor speed, oil flow rate, temperature to maximize efficiency and minimize size depending on the compressed gas/vapor and whether the compressor is oil-free or oil-flooded.
- A constrained simplex method called the Box complex method is used to find local minima which are then used to estimate a global minimum.
- The numerical model solves conservation equations for properties like internal energy and mass flow using a Runge
- The document discusses using a modified genetic algorithm to optimize parameters for automatic generation control of multi-area electric energy systems.
- It proposes a modified genetic algorithm that employs one-point crossover with modification. The crossover site helps maintain diversity of search points while exploiting known optimal values, balancing exploration and exploitation.
- The algorithm is used along with decomposition techniques and trapezoidal integration to determine optimal control parameters for multi-area systems and obtain better dynamic performance under small load perturbations, with and without considering nonlinearity from governor deadbands.
Performance Optimization of Tie rod using FEAIJERD Editor
Structural performance of any mechanical component is measured basically in terms of its natural frequency, deformation, stiffness, maximum stress level, fatigue life etc. In case of vehicle suspension system; however tie rod is mainly under compressive and fluctuating forces encounter from steering and bumping of vehicle. When steering acts to turn the vehicle, tie rod comes under compressive load. And when vehicle running on rough road condition, fluctuating forces.
IRJET- Optimum Design of Fan, Queen and Pratt TrussesIRJET Journal
The document discusses the optimum design of various truss configurations including fan, queen, and Pratt trusses. The author formulates the design of these trusses as an optimization problem to minimize weight. The problem considers stress, buckling, and deflection constraints with cross-sectional area as the design variable. A sequential linear programming technique is used to solve the optimization problem. Parametric studies are performed to understand the effect of truss geometry including span, purlin spacing, truss spacing, and height on selecting the best design. The results of optimizing double fan, triple fan, modified queen, double Pratt, and triple Pratt trusses are presented and discussed.
The paper presents a nature inspired algorithm that copies the big bang theory of evolution.
This algorithm is simple with regard to number of parameters. Embedded systems are powered by
batteries and enhancing the operating time of the battery by reducing the power consumption is vital.
Embedded systems consume power while accessing the memory during their operation. An efficient
method for power management is proposed in this work. The proposed method, reduce the energy
consumption in memories from 76% up to 98% as compared to other methods reported in the
literature.
The document presents a nature-inspired Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm for minimizing power consumption in embedded systems. The BB-BC algorithm mimics the big bang theory of evolution with an initial random solution generation phase followed by an iterative convergence to the center of mass. The algorithm is shown to reduce energy consumption in system memory from 76-98% compared to Tabu Search, with better accuracy and convergence. It provides an effective method for power management in memory-intensive embedded systems.
Weight Optimization of Movable Jaw of Rear Viceprashant patil
1) The document describes using topology optimization to reduce the weight of the movable jaw of the rear vice of a horizontal band saw machine by 25%. Finite element analysis was conducted on the existing jaw design to determine stresses and displacements.
2) Topology optimization was then performed in Hyperworks to identify an optimized material distribution that reduced the jaw weight from 12.6kg to 9.4kg while maintaining acceptable stress levels and displacements under the simulated loading conditions.
3) The optimized design was validated by manufacturing a casting and testing it on the band saw machine. The optimized design was able to withstand the loads without failure, demonstrating a 25% weight reduction was achieved without compromising strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document presents a new method for creating proxy models called Simulated Annealing Programming (SAP). SAP uses simulated annealing optimization on a tree structure to find the equation that best predicts outputs with minimum error. The authors apply SAP to create a model for predicting gas compressor torque based on fuel rate and speed. They find the SAP model is highly accurate, roughly independent of internal parameters, and has smaller overestimation/underestimation compared to other methods like polynomials and neural networks.
A new approach to the solution of economic dispatch using particle Swarm opt...ijcsa
This document presents a new approach to solving the economic dispatch problem using particle swarm optimization combined with simulated annealing (PSO-SA). The economic dispatch problem aims to minimize the total generation cost while satisfying constraints like power demand and generator limits. Previous solutions had limitations. The authors propose using PSO-SA to find high quality solutions more efficiently. PSO is able to find global optima but can get trapped in local optima. SA helps avoid this through probabilistic jumping. The authors combine PSO and SA techniques to leverage their benefits while overcoming individual limitations. They test the PSO-SA method on three generator systems and find it provides better results than traditional and other computational methods.
This document summarizes multi-objective optimization of a Tricept parallel manipulator using an evolutionary algorithm. It discusses using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to optimize the manipulator's conditioning index, workspace volume, and global conditioning index (GCI) simultaneously. The methodology involves calculating inverse kinematics and the Jacobian to determine performance parameters. Single-objective PSO is used to optimize the conditioning index alone. Results show the minimum conditioning index and corresponding design variables. PSO also optimizes the workspace volume alone. A multi-objective PSO with a weighted sum strategy then optimizes all parameters simultaneously, showing their relationships and validating results against single-objective optimization.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new approach for solving the economic dispatch problem in power systems using a hybrid particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing algorithm. The paper introduces economic dispatch and describes previous solution methods. It then presents the new hybrid algorithm, which combines the global search capabilities of particle swarm optimization with the probabilistic jumping of simulated annealing to find high-quality solutions faster. The paper applies the method to test cases and finds it performs better than traditional and other computational techniques at determining low-cost generation schedules that satisfy operational constraints.
The document proposes a new approach for solving the economic dispatch problem in power systems using a hybrid particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing algorithm. It begins with introductions to economic dispatch and optimization techniques like particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing. It then describes the economic dispatch problem formulation, including the objective of minimizing generation cost while satisfying constraints. The document proposes a novel hybrid algorithm that combines the salient features of particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing to generate high-quality solutions efficiently. It presents the particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing and hybrid algorithms in detail. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through case studies on different power systems.
EShape Optimization Of A Suspension Bellcrank Using 3d Finite Element MethodsIJERA Editor
The paper represents an application of an optimization procedure for a mass and stress optimization of the bellcrank of a double wishbone suspension system of SRM University’s FormulaSAE vehicle. The used optimization procedure, so-called Fully Stressed Design, is based on an indirect approach utilizing optimum criteria. The aim of the optimization was to achieve the lowest possible mass of the construction taking into consideration the allowed resistance and also to investigate and analyze the structural stress distribution of bellcrank at the real time condition during damping process and the spring actuation.
Design Optimization and Analysis of a Steam Turbine Rotor GroovesIOSR Journals
1. The document describes a finite element analysis performed to optimize the design of steam turbine rotor grooves.
2. The analysis evaluated different fillet radii ranging from 13 to 50 mm to determine the maximum principal stress and stress concentration factor.
3. The optimal design was found to have a fillet radius of 40 mm, which reduced the stress concentration factor to 1.152 and deformation to 0.066121 mm.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
The document describes an optimal design project to maximize the specific energy absorption of thin-walled square tube structures using LS-OPT. Crash simulations were performed in LS-DYNA to determine the internal energy and crushing force for different tube thickness values. A kriging meta-model and genetic algorithm in LS-OPT were used to optimize the thickness for maximum specific energy absorption subject to a crushing force constraint. The results showed specific energy absorption greater than predicted for thicknesses from 1.93-2 mm, with a maximum crushing force below the constraint. However, only two iterations were completed, so the optimal thickness was not fully converged.
IRJET- Design Analysis of a Automotive Shock Absorber AssemblyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the design of an automotive shock absorber assembly. Finite element analysis using ABAQUS software was conducted to evaluate the assembly's performance under static and dynamic loading conditions. The static stress analysis found a maximum deflection of 29.4 mm and maximum stresses of 117 MPa at corners and 215 MPa in springs. Modal analysis determined the first ten natural vibration modes and identified the first natural frequency as 42.7 Hz, indicating a stiffer suspension. The study concluded the design provides adequate safety with room for further weight optimization to improve comfort while maintaining structural integrity under expected loads.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
IRJET-Design, Analysis and Weight Optimization of Leaf Spring for Light Weigh...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design, analysis and weight optimization of leaf springs for light vehicles. The researchers modeled two different designs of a leaf spring using CREO 2.0 software and analyzed them using HYPERWORKS. The analysis found weight reductions of 14.47% for 55Si2Mn90 steel and 14.37% for 50CrV4 steel by incorporating holes into the leaf spring design. Finite element analysis showed von Mises stresses were 12.91% lower for 50CrV4 and 18.21% lower for 55Si2Mn90 with the optimized hole design compared to the original design under the same loading conditions. The study concluded the hole design successfully reduced weight by over 14%
The document discusses thermodynamic optimization of screw compressors. It describes using a numerical model of fluid flow and thermodynamic processes combined with a rotor profile generation algorithm to optimize a screw compressor design for a given application and fluid. Some key points:
- The optimization considers variables like rotor profile, compressor speed, oil flow rate, temperature to maximize efficiency and minimize size depending on the compressed gas/vapor and whether the compressor is oil-free or oil-flooded.
- A constrained simplex method called the Box complex method is used to find local minima which are then used to estimate a global minimum.
- The numerical model solves conservation equations for properties like internal energy and mass flow using a Runge
- The document discusses using a modified genetic algorithm to optimize parameters for automatic generation control of multi-area electric energy systems.
- It proposes a modified genetic algorithm that employs one-point crossover with modification. The crossover site helps maintain diversity of search points while exploiting known optimal values, balancing exploration and exploitation.
- The algorithm is used along with decomposition techniques and trapezoidal integration to determine optimal control parameters for multi-area systems and obtain better dynamic performance under small load perturbations, with and without considering nonlinearity from governor deadbands.
Performance Optimization of Tie rod using FEAIJERD Editor
Structural performance of any mechanical component is measured basically in terms of its natural frequency, deformation, stiffness, maximum stress level, fatigue life etc. In case of vehicle suspension system; however tie rod is mainly under compressive and fluctuating forces encounter from steering and bumping of vehicle. When steering acts to turn the vehicle, tie rod comes under compressive load. And when vehicle running on rough road condition, fluctuating forces.
IRJET- Optimum Design of Fan, Queen and Pratt TrussesIRJET Journal
The document discusses the optimum design of various truss configurations including fan, queen, and Pratt trusses. The author formulates the design of these trusses as an optimization problem to minimize weight. The problem considers stress, buckling, and deflection constraints with cross-sectional area as the design variable. A sequential linear programming technique is used to solve the optimization problem. Parametric studies are performed to understand the effect of truss geometry including span, purlin spacing, truss spacing, and height on selecting the best design. The results of optimizing double fan, triple fan, modified queen, double Pratt, and triple Pratt trusses are presented and discussed.
The paper presents a nature inspired algorithm that copies the big bang theory of evolution.
This algorithm is simple with regard to number of parameters. Embedded systems are powered by
batteries and enhancing the operating time of the battery by reducing the power consumption is vital.
Embedded systems consume power while accessing the memory during their operation. An efficient
method for power management is proposed in this work. The proposed method, reduce the energy
consumption in memories from 76% up to 98% as compared to other methods reported in the
literature.
The document presents a nature-inspired Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm for minimizing power consumption in embedded systems. The BB-BC algorithm mimics the big bang theory of evolution with an initial random solution generation phase followed by an iterative convergence to the center of mass. The algorithm is shown to reduce energy consumption in system memory from 76-98% compared to Tabu Search, with better accuracy and convergence. It provides an effective method for power management in memory-intensive embedded systems.
Weight Optimization of Movable Jaw of Rear Viceprashant patil
1) The document describes using topology optimization to reduce the weight of the movable jaw of the rear vice of a horizontal band saw machine by 25%. Finite element analysis was conducted on the existing jaw design to determine stresses and displacements.
2) Topology optimization was then performed in Hyperworks to identify an optimized material distribution that reduced the jaw weight from 12.6kg to 9.4kg while maintaining acceptable stress levels and displacements under the simulated loading conditions.
3) The optimized design was validated by manufacturing a casting and testing it on the band saw machine. The optimized design was able to withstand the loads without failure, demonstrating a 25% weight reduction was achieved without compromising strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document presents a new method for creating proxy models called Simulated Annealing Programming (SAP). SAP uses simulated annealing optimization on a tree structure to find the equation that best predicts outputs with minimum error. The authors apply SAP to create a model for predicting gas compressor torque based on fuel rate and speed. They find the SAP model is highly accurate, roughly independent of internal parameters, and has smaller overestimation/underestimation compared to other methods like polynomials and neural networks.
A new approach to the solution of economic dispatch using particle Swarm opt...ijcsa
This document presents a new approach to solving the economic dispatch problem using particle swarm optimization combined with simulated annealing (PSO-SA). The economic dispatch problem aims to minimize the total generation cost while satisfying constraints like power demand and generator limits. Previous solutions had limitations. The authors propose using PSO-SA to find high quality solutions more efficiently. PSO is able to find global optima but can get trapped in local optima. SA helps avoid this through probabilistic jumping. The authors combine PSO and SA techniques to leverage their benefits while overcoming individual limitations. They test the PSO-SA method on three generator systems and find it provides better results than traditional and other computational methods.
This document summarizes multi-objective optimization of a Tricept parallel manipulator using an evolutionary algorithm. It discusses using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to optimize the manipulator's conditioning index, workspace volume, and global conditioning index (GCI) simultaneously. The methodology involves calculating inverse kinematics and the Jacobian to determine performance parameters. Single-objective PSO is used to optimize the conditioning index alone. Results show the minimum conditioning index and corresponding design variables. PSO also optimizes the workspace volume alone. A multi-objective PSO with a weighted sum strategy then optimizes all parameters simultaneously, showing their relationships and validating results against single-objective optimization.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new approach for solving the economic dispatch problem in power systems using a hybrid particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing algorithm. The paper introduces economic dispatch and describes previous solution methods. It then presents the new hybrid algorithm, which combines the global search capabilities of particle swarm optimization with the probabilistic jumping of simulated annealing to find high-quality solutions faster. The paper applies the method to test cases and finds it performs better than traditional and other computational techniques at determining low-cost generation schedules that satisfy operational constraints.
The document proposes a new approach for solving the economic dispatch problem in power systems using a hybrid particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing algorithm. It begins with introductions to economic dispatch and optimization techniques like particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing. It then describes the economic dispatch problem formulation, including the objective of minimizing generation cost while satisfying constraints. The document proposes a novel hybrid algorithm that combines the salient features of particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing to generate high-quality solutions efficiently. It presents the particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing and hybrid algorithms in detail. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through case studies on different power systems.
EShape Optimization Of A Suspension Bellcrank Using 3d Finite Element MethodsIJERA Editor
The paper represents an application of an optimization procedure for a mass and stress optimization of the bellcrank of a double wishbone suspension system of SRM University’s FormulaSAE vehicle. The used optimization procedure, so-called Fully Stressed Design, is based on an indirect approach utilizing optimum criteria. The aim of the optimization was to achieve the lowest possible mass of the construction taking into consideration the allowed resistance and also to investigate and analyze the structural stress distribution of bellcrank at the real time condition during damping process and the spring actuation.
Design Optimization and Analysis of a Steam Turbine Rotor GroovesIOSR Journals
1. The document describes a finite element analysis performed to optimize the design of steam turbine rotor grooves.
2. The analysis evaluated different fillet radii ranging from 13 to 50 mm to determine the maximum principal stress and stress concentration factor.
3. The optimal design was found to have a fillet radius of 40 mm, which reduced the stress concentration factor to 1.152 and deformation to 0.066121 mm.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
The document describes an optimal design project to maximize the specific energy absorption of thin-walled square tube structures using LS-OPT. Crash simulations were performed in LS-DYNA to determine the internal energy and crushing force for different tube thickness values. A kriging meta-model and genetic algorithm in LS-OPT were used to optimize the thickness for maximum specific energy absorption subject to a crushing force constraint. The results showed specific energy absorption greater than predicted for thicknesses from 1.93-2 mm, with a maximum crushing force below the constraint. However, only two iterations were completed, so the optimal thickness was not fully converged.
IRJET- Design Analysis of a Automotive Shock Absorber AssemblyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the design of an automotive shock absorber assembly. Finite element analysis using ABAQUS software was conducted to evaluate the assembly's performance under static and dynamic loading conditions. The static stress analysis found a maximum deflection of 29.4 mm and maximum stresses of 117 MPa at corners and 215 MPa in springs. Modal analysis determined the first ten natural vibration modes and identified the first natural frequency as 42.7 Hz, indicating a stiffer suspension. The study concluded the design provides adequate safety with room for further weight optimization to improve comfort while maintaining structural integrity under expected loads.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
indian journal of pharmaceutical science 21 pdf.pdfnareshkotra
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
This document discusses the pathogenesis and diagnosis of schizophrenia from the perspective of mitochondrial dysfunction and nonlinear dynamics analysis. It summarizes that:
1) Schizophrenia is thought to result from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors that disrupt brain development, and recent research implicates mitochondrial dysfunction caused by disruption of multiple genes.
2) Studies using nonlinear dynamics analysis of EEG signals and other data have found reduced complexity and more linear/regular rhythms in schizophrenia patients compared to controls, indicating lower chaotic dynamics.
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Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
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Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
international research journal of engineering and technology 3 nov.pdfnareshkotra
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining a proper peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats for an article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to an immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as assure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
ugc list of approved journals 02 nov.pdfnareshkotra
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
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Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal published by Quarterly offers fast publication schedule with whilst maintaining rigorous peer review. The use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites and the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published a Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule with maintaining a rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats and articles of delivery expedites and the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to the rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are much a like to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
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fast publications journal.pdf
1.
2. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
Mechanical component layout optimization by using a richer toolkit
of learning-based and differential operator-based optimization
techniques
Dr D Ravikanth1,
K Suresh Kumar 2
R Ramakrishna Reddy 3
, Dr P Sreenivas4
Abstract:
The TLBO method (training-learning based primarily optimization) is used to optimize mechanical components. This website contains
extensive background and current information about TLBO. Similar to previous methods, using a large number of responses may lead to a
global optimal solution. Better solutions may be found in TLBO with the help of differential operators. The method's effectiveness in
resolving common optimization problems is tested using an open coil helical spring and then a hollow shaft. The answer was a unanimous
"yes." According to simulation data (mechanical components), current optimization algorithms fail to discover better alternatives as
efficiently as the suggested approach.
INTRODUCTION
The capacity of a closed coil helical spring may be reduced using the standard methods. Graphs were employed to
find a solution to certain limitations in a "hollow shaft" scenario. Using geometric programming, Reddy and his
team were able to minimize the belt-pulley drive's weight. This is why optimization is a common topic of discussion
among engineers while creating new mechanical systems. When trying to find the best configuration for a
mechanical system, there are many variables and limitations to consider [4-6]. It is common practice not to optimize
the whole system, but rather to concentrate on improving particular parts or intermediary assemblies. It is
significantly simpler to optimize a centrifugal pump that does not have a motor or seals. In engineering calculations,
it is common practice to use analytical or numerical techniques to estimate the function's extrema. The usage of
common optimization techniques may fall short when developing complicated systems. A large number of design
variables that have complex (nonconvex) and nonlinear impacts on the objective function to be optimized for are
typical of real-time optimization issues. To succeed, we need to choose a global or local maximum that suits our
needs. Optimisation is always the priority, regardless of the situation. The effectiveness of mechanical parts must not
be sacrificed under any circumstances. When machine parts are optimized, production rates are increased and
material costs are decreased [9-12]. This allows for maximum use of optimization strategies.
1
Professor,
2,3,4
Associate Professor
Department of ME, K. S. R. M College of Engineering(A), Kadapa
3. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
High levels of output are maintained. Numerous
suggestions for enhancing projects may be found in
published works. Both direct and gradient methods
may be used to investigate a topic. While function
values are all that's needed for a direct search, the
gradient information is necessary for gradient-based
algorithms to determine the overall search direction
and endpoint. The limitations of traditional
optimization approaches will be further upon below.
For a long time, these issues have been addressed
using only conventional approaches. Newer, more
varied approaches to tackling optimization issues
may be more efficient if existing strategies are
limited in some way. Using standard approaches
(such gradient methods), it is not feasible to get
globally optimum values. Therefore, mechanical
engineers should maintain their focus on tried-and-
true optimization strategies. Since they outperform
deterministic methods, their popularity has increased
[13–16]. The most common approach is the genetic
algorithm (GA), a kind of evolutionary optimization.
Complex problems with numerous variables and
restrictions may have near-optimal solutions. It's
important to remember how challenging it may be to
find the optimal values for population size, crossover
frequency, and mutation frequency. The algorithm's
efficiency might be affected by adjusting its settings.
PSO takes use of social and cognitive traits in
addition to inertia. You may observe a similar drive
to increase the population of bees in ABC [17].
Spectators, workers, and spies. A huge number of
improvisations and a high rate of harmonic memory
are necessary for HS to be successful. Developing
novel, non-parametric optimization techniques is
essential to keeping a successful algorithm up and
running. Keep this in mind when you read the paper.
Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) is a
technique created by Rao and his team. some of my
fellow employees (TLBO). The principles of natural
instruction and learning form the basis of this self-
improving algorithm. Existing optimization methods
like GA have been shown to be inferior to PSO, HS,
DE, and hybridPSO. Differential mechanism and
hybrid TLBO strategies are proposed in this research.
We're going to start by searching TLBo. The final
result will be calculated using the precise approach
(SQP). Mathematical expressions Closed-coil,
hollow-shaft, belt-pulley-driven helical springs are
the focus of this section. The usage of [9] GA for
optimisation often leads to issues.
Figure 1: Schematic representation of a closed coil
helical spring.
First of all, this is the situation (Closed Coil Helical
Spring). Helical springs are often used for
compressive and tensile stresses since the wire is
coiled around itself (Figure 1). The cross-section of
the wire used to build the spring might be round,
square, or rectangular. Generally speaking, hydraulic
springs may be used in compression and tensile
designs, respectively. Torsional strain occurs when a
spring wire is so tightly twisted that the plane
containing each turn is practically perpendicular to
the central axis (Figure 1). Shear stress is imposed on
the helical spring when it is twisted to create a torque.
Parallel or perpendicular stresses are applied to the
spring. The problem of minimising the volume of a
helical spring with a closed coil is a difficult one
(Figure 1). It's possible to find a mathematical answer
to this problem. When these conditions are met, the
spring (U) may be lowered to its bare minimum
volume. Consider
Constraints on Stress. There must be a reduction in
shear stress to the required level.
Where
4. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
Fmax and S are set to 453.6 kgf/cm2 and 13288.02
kgf/cm2, respectively, in this example.
Constraints on Configuration. The spring's free length
cannot exceed the maximum value. You may get the
spring constant (K) by multiplying by the expression:
where G is equivalent to 808543.6 kgf/cm2 shear
modulus
The maximum working load deflection is determined
by
1.05 times the length of the solid is considered to be
the spring length under the Fmax condition. In this
way, the length of the statement is supplied.
Thus, the constraint is given by
Lmax is 35.56 cm in this case. If the wire dia is less
than the required minimum, it must also meet the
following requirement:
where 0.508 centimetres is the minimum value of
dmin. The coil's outside diameter must be less than
the maximum allowed, and it must be less than that.
where Dmax is 7.62 cm. To prevent a spring from
being too tightly coiled, the mean coil diameter must
be at least three times the wire diameter.
The maximum deflection under preload must be less
than the given value. Under preload, the deflection is
represented as
where the mass of Fp is 136.08 kg. The statement
imposes the restriction.
In this case, pm = 15.24 cm. The length of the
combined deflection must be equal to the length of
the combined deflection.
If you ask me, this constraint should be equal. At
convergence, the constraint function is guaranteed to
be zero. Preloading to the maximum deflection of the
load is essential. Because they intended it to always
equal zero, these two placed an inequality limitation
in place. The symbolism is as follows:
where 𝛿𝑤 is made equal to 3.175 cm.
Figure 2 depicts a hollow shaft schematically. As a
result of optimization, the following ranges are
maintained:
5. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
The task at hand may be classified as a constrained
optimization problem since the objective function
only has eight limitations. This is the second case
(Optimum Design of Hollow Shaft). Power is a
rotating shaft is used to transport it from one area to
another (Figure 2). Transmission and line shafts may
be separated into two major groups for classification
purposes. Transmission shafts provide electricity to
the machinery. Machine shafts may be found in a
very small number of machinery components on the
whole. Crankshafts are among the most common
machine shafts, however there are many more. Figure
2 schematically depicts a hollow shaft. An objective
of the research is to lighten a hollow shaft.
𝑊𝑠 = cross sectional area × length × density
Substituting the values of 𝐿, 𝜌 as 50 cm and 0.0083
kg/cm3 , respectively, one finds the weight of the
shaft (𝑊𝑠) and it is given by
It is subjected to the following constraints. The
twisting failure can be calculated from the torsion
formula as given below:
or
Now, 𝜃 applied should be greater than 𝑇𝐿/𝐺𝐽; that is,
𝜃 ≥ 𝑇𝐿/𝐺𝐽.
Figure 3: Schematic representation of a belt-pulley
drive.
Constrained by substituting values of [(/32)d4 (0(1–
k4)]], [(1–k4)] and [(/32)d4 (0(1–k4)], one obtains
the constraints as a result of substituting the values
of, T, G, and J.
The critical buckling load (𝑇cr) is given by the
following expression:
The critical buckling load (𝑇cr) is given by the
following expression:
Tcr,, and E are set at 1.0 105 kg-cm, 0.33, and 2.0
105 kg/cm2, respectively, such that the constraint
may be represented as follows
The ranges of variables are mentioned as follows:
6. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
It's number three in this scenario. (Optimal Belt-
Pulley Drive Design) Power is transmitted from one
belt to the next via a series of gears and pulleys, each
of which rotates at a different pace (Figure 3). In
manufacturing and fabrication, stepped flat belt
drives are often used to carry modest amounts of
power. The shaft and bearing are often affected by
the pulley's weight. Shaft breakdowns are prevalent
due to the weight of the pulley (Table 1). Flat belt
drives must be minimal in weight in order to
minimise shaft and bearing failure. Figure 3 depicts a
schematic concept for a belt-pulley drive. What
brought you here? An goal function is to keep the
pulley's weight as low as possible..
Table 1: Comparison of the results obtained by GA
with the published results (Case 1).
Assuming 𝑡1 = 0.1𝑑1, 𝑡2 = 0.1𝑑2, 𝑡 1 1 = 0.1𝑑1 1,
and 𝑡 1 2 = 0.1𝑑1 2 and replacing 𝑑1, 𝑑2, 𝑑1 1, and
𝑑1 2 by 𝑁1, 𝑁2, 𝑁1 1 , and 𝑁1 2 , respectively, and
also substituting the values of 𝑁1, 𝑁2, 𝑁1 1 , and 𝑁1
2 , 𝜌 (to 1000, 250, 500, 500) 7.2 × 10−3 kg/cm3 ,
respectively, the objective function can be written as
It is subjected to the following constraints. The
transmitted power (𝑃) can be represented as
Substituting the expression for 𝑉 in the above
equation, one gets
Assuming 𝑇2/𝑇1 = 1/2, 𝑃 = 10 hp and substituting
the values of 𝑇2/𝑇1 and 𝑃, one gets
Or
Assuming
And considering (26) to (28), one gets
Substituting 𝜎𝑏 = 30 kg/cm2 𝑡𝑏 = 1 cm, 𝑁2 = 250
rpm in the above equation, one gets
Or
Or
Assuming that width of the pulley is either less than
or equal to one-fourth of the dia of the first pulley,
the constraint is expressed as
Or
The ranges of the variables are mentioned as follows:
7. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
Optimization Procedure
When faced with complexity, traditional search and
optimization algorithms fall short in a variety of
ways. Attempts to address many issues at once
become increasingly challenging. The traditional
approach often zeroes down on a select few variables.
This limits its ability to deal with a wide range of
problems. Because of their limited ability to see the
big picture, parallel computing systems can only
profit from more sophisticated approaches. It is
challenging to get additional benefits from classical
algorithms because of their sequential structure. More
and more organizations are regularly using advanced
methods of search and optimization. Computer
simulations and genetic algorithms are employed to
find optimal solutions to optimization problems.
Optimisation based on educational theory Ragsdell,
Phillips, and David Edward created the first
classroom implementation of teaching-learning-based
optimization (TLBO). This technique is comparable
to others that took their cue from nature in that it
employs a population of potential answers. The
method takes into account the courses' elective
selections as one of its components. One way to
evaluate a student's understanding is to calculate the
objective function value of each feasible solution,
factoring in the design considerations. Consult a
fitness expert to help your school reach its goal of
having a high percentage of physically fit students.
Each student (Xi) develops an own answer to the
same optimization issue faced by the population as a
whole. The TLBO system mandates a certain number
of courses for both students and teachers. For this D-
dimensional number, the real-valued vector Xi stands
in. During the procedure's Teacher and Learner
Phases, humans might be replaced by algorithms if
the latter's new answer is superior to the former's. As
long as the algorithm is active, the process will
continue to repeat itself. During the Teacher Phases,
a candidate will rise to the position of best teacher
(Xteacher). In order to improve the typical
performance of new people (Xi), the strategy takes
use of the present mean (Xmean) of those involved.
In order to emphasize a particular area of interest
(dimension), the averages of all students in this
generation are shown here. Using Equation (39), a
teacher may recreate a student's talents and
knowledge. Stochastic purposes are served by
random variables in the equation: There may be one
or two TFs to stress the value of selecting high-
quality students. In this context, r may take on values
between 0 and 1.
When a student (Xi) is in the Learner Phase, he or
she strives to increase their knowledge by learning
from an unrelated student (Xii). If Xii is superior than
Xi, Xi will gravitate toward Xii (40). As a result, it
will be relocated away from Xii (41). Student Xnew
will be allowed into the general population if he or
she improves his or her grades by following (40) or
(41). There is no limit on how many generations the
algorithm may go through. Consider.
When tackling constrained optimization concerns,
infeasible individuals must be dealt with efficiently to
establish which individual is better. Deb's constrained
handling technique [4] is employed by the TLBO
algorithm for comparing two individuals, according
to [14–17]. A fitter individual (one with a higher
fitness function value) is desirable if both persons are
available. (ii) The feasible individual is preferred
over the infeasible one if only one can be attained.
The person with the least violations (a value derived
by summing up all of the normalised constraint
violations) is picked if both individuals are infeasible.
Operator for a differential equation. Using the best
information obtained from other students, all students
may design new search space locations. We permit
the learner to learn from the exemplars until the
student stops progressing for a set length of time in
order to ensure that the student learns from
outstanding examples and to minimize the time
wasted on substandard coaching.
Figure 4: Differential operator illustrated.
For a long time, it has been referred to the "refuelling
chasm." When compared to the traditional TLBO
algorithm, the DTLBO has three key distinctions [4].
8. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
After determining the nearest members of each class
by distance sensing, this system uses the potentials of
all students to steer a student's new place. A student's
status might be updated for each dimension using a
different student as an example, rather than the same
student again. Using the suggested equation (42), it is
feasible for students to gain insight from one
another's experiences and perspectives. Positions are
updated by randomly selecting a student's neighbor in
all three dimensions (care must be taken to prevent
repeats). This also greatly enhances the original
TLBO's capacity to thoroughly explore difficult
optimization issues without rushing to a solution.
DTLBO is faster than TLBO in locating the global
optimum. Unlike KH, which updates all students
simultaneously, a differential operator that just
updates the basic TLBO provides a superior answer
for each individual student. This is a very
condescending stance to take. Premature convergence
was a problem with the original TLBO design. In
order to prevent a premature convergence and
improve the original TLBO system's exploratory
potential when all students' positions are updated
simultaneously, a differential guiding system is
implemented. The differential mechanism is
described by an equation (42).
Fig. 4 displays the neighbouring student's differential
selection (34). This suggests that the issue dimension
is 5 and the population size is 6 As soon as a new
student is located, the detecting distance is used to
update the positions of all adjacent students (as
shown in Figure 4). During this first phase of the
project, the key focus is on avoiding early
convergence and exploring a vast prospective area.
Simplified TLBO Algorithm Pseudocode.
The following changes may be made to a differential
operator scheme-based algorithm.
During this phase, the target audience is identified, as
are the range of design variables and the number of
iterations to be used.In order to get a truly random
sample, use the design factors.
The program's fitness level may be gauged by
looking at the new pupils.
The aforementioned technique should be used to
calculate the mean value of each design variable.
Children's fitness levels should be taken into account
to help teachers choose the best course of action for
them. The instructor may be fine-tuned using the
differential operator technique.
Students' scores should be adjusted using the
teacher's mean, which was calculated in step 4.
Preliminary Stage
Steps 6 and 7 students will be employed in this stage
to evaluate the fitness function.
Look at how physically fit two distinct students are
side by side. There should be differential operator
analysis for students who have greater fitness levels.
People who aren't qualified are a waste of time. In
place of the student's current fitness level, use the
design variable.
Table 2 summarises the best, worst, and average
production costs for Case 1.
In the event of a problem, repeat steps 8 and 9 until
all pupils have finished the exam (pairs).
There will be no duplication of applicants if the
adjusted student strength is less than the initial
student strength.
Return to step 4 to confirm that the termination
conditions have been satisfied.
9. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
It is in this part that the results and recommendations
are outlined. In this part, simulated experiments are
used to tackle three of the aforementioned
optimization difficulties. TLBO is compared to four
nature-inspired optimization techniques (PSO, GA)
that are commonly employed in the area for this
research project. Each of the four methods may be
examined in its original form. Inputs and outputs of
an algorithm.
This strategy is based on evolutionary theory. The
crossover likelihood in this scenario is 80 percent,
whereas the mutation chance is just 10 percent. In
this case, swarm optimization is used. For a particle
size of 30 pixels, the generation number is 3000
when wmax is set to 1,11, and wmin is set to -0.73. A
Beehive in a Box. This colony, which has been living
for almost 3000 generations, consists of only 50 bees.
In order to become a better person, it is essential to
both study and teach. The neighbourhood has seen
more than 3000 generations come and go. Because
the TLBO and the preceding algorithm have so little
in common, this is the best option (Tables 2 and 3).
Taking into account the algorithm's performance is a
prerequisite for these optimization tactics. There are
crossover probabilities, mutation rates, and selection
procedures for GA, PSO, and ABC (the number of
hired bees). The TLBO is OK as long as participants
and iterations collaborate (Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8).
Table 6 compares the GA findings to those that have
been previously published. The table below shows
the results of a 50-test evaluation of each method.
GA provides the most accurate outcomes.
Table 3 shows the comparison between the GA
results and published data. So, here's an example of
the second kind.
For example, Figure 5 shows data that are somewhat
more accurate than what was really found. When it
comes to the GA's performance, the options you
choose have an influence. Even though GA factors
have been extensively researched in the past, there
may be a lot more research to be done (Tables 4 and
5). A total of 50 unique experiments were conducted
for each of the three situations to determine the best
possible values. In the end, this research looked at
how to reduce the weight and volume of a belt-pulley
drive, a hollow shaft, and a closed coil helical spring.
In order to overcome the aforementioned problems,
TLBO is described and evaluated in terms of many
performance measures, such as best fitness, mean
solution, and average number of solutions.
An average method is provided in Table 4 along with
expenses for all three extremes in the second
scenario.
10. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
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Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
Figure 6: Convergence (magnified) plot of the
various methods for Case 1.
Figure 7 shows the different approaches' convergence
rates and the number of function evaluations
necessary for each method. A TLBO-based algorithm
outperforms existing nature-inspired optimization
approaches in terms of performance for the design
issues studied. Although this study focuses on three
basic mechanical component optimization issues,
with a minimal number of constraints, this suggested
technique may be applied to additional engineering
design challenges, which will be examined in a future
study.
Figure 8: Convergence plot of the various methods
for Case 3.
Table 5: Comparison of the results obtained by GA
with the published results (Case 3).
Nomenclature
Table 6: Best, worst, and mean production cost
produced by the various methods for Case 3.
11. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
Figure 9: Final cost of the optimization obtained for
all test cases using DTLBO method.
12. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2019
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 11, Issue. 1, March 2019
CONCLUSION
The authors do not have any conflict of interests in
this research work.
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