The document provides comments to the FCC regarding its 2016 Biennial Review of Telecommunications Regulations. It argues that Section 1.40001 of the FCC's rules, which facilitates infrastructure sharing, should be modified. Specifically, it suggests adding provisions that (1) allow construction to begin immediately after a wireless facility modification request is deemed granted due to a locality's inaction, and (2) mandate transparency in local governments' review of such requests. The comments assert these changes would further the FCC's goal of rapid wireless broadband deployment by removing delays in infrastructure construction and sharing.
Fcc narrow banding mandate for two way radios - by bearcomjames Anderson
The FCC initiated narrowbanding in 1992 to increase spectrum efficiency for public safety and commercial radio users. It requires licensees operating two-way radios in the VHF and UHF bands to transition systems from 25 kHz channels to 12.5 kHz channels by January 1, 2013. Failure to meet this deadline will result in loss of communication capabilities. Narrowbanding will allow for more channels in the same spectrum space and promote new technologies. Users must assess their current equipment and work with consultants to budget, obtain new licenses, and implement upgrades or replacements to comply with the FCC mandate. Planning should begin well in advance of the 2013 deadline to successfully complete the transition.
This document summarizes new rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission regarding wireless E911 location accuracy requirements. Key points include:
1) The rules aim to significantly improve the ability to locate wireless 911 callers who are indoors by establishing new indoor location accuracy requirements for wireless carriers.
2) The requirements include timelines for carriers to provide either dispatchable location (a street address plus additional information like floor/room number) or x/y coordinate location within 50 meters for certain percentages of wireless 911 calls within 2, 3, 5 and 6 years.
3) The requirements incorporate commitments made in the "Roadmap for Improving E911 Location Accuracy" agreed to by public safety groups and major carriers, and
LTE Advanced carrier aggregation, it is possible to utilise more than one carrier and in this way increase the overall transmission bandwidth. These channels or carriers may be in contiguous elements of the spectrum, or they may be in different bands.
Carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced can increase bandwidth and bitrate by aggregating multiple component carriers. Each component carrier can have bandwidth of 1.4-20 MHz, and up to 5 carriers can be aggregated for a total of 100 MHz. Carrier aggregation supports both intra-band aggregation within the same frequency band and inter-band aggregation across different bands. Scheduling in carrier aggregation can occur either on the same carrier or across different carriers.
- NOMA is a non-orthogonal multiple access technology that can improve spectral efficiency by allowing all users to use all time-frequency resources simultaneously through techniques like power domain multiplexing and successive interference cancellation. However, it increases complexity.
- Full duplex technology aims to allow simultaneous uplink and downlink transmission but faces challenges from strong self-interference. Solutions involve antenna separation and self-interference cancellation.
- OAM uses the orbital angular momentum of electromagnetic waves to create orthogonal channels at the same frequency but faces challenges in application to cellular networks from atmospheric effects.
- Machine learning can optimize 5G across all layers to dynamically improve spectrum efficiency based on conditions.
This document provides an overview of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) technology. It discusses how WCDMA evolved from existing GSM and CDMA technologies to provide higher data rates and capacity. Key aspects of WCDMA include efficient power control, soft handover between cells, and the ability to allocate capacity between voice and data services. The document describes the basic architecture of a WCDMA network including the radio access network components like Node B base stations and radio network controllers.
LTE Carrier Aggregation Technology Development and Deployment Worldwide Muhammad Yahya
The document discusses carrier aggregation (CA) in LTE networks. It provides an overview of 3GPP specifications for CA, including supported CA combinations and configurations defined in Release 10, 11 and 12. It describes the process by which new CA combinations are specified in 3GPP and lists the LTE frequency bands. The document also summarizes key CA technology aspects such as benefits, deployment scenarios, device implementations and future enhancements.
This article introduces the design of the antenna and recommends two tested low-cost PCB antennas. These PCB antennas can be used with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) solutions. For the best performance, BLE and BLE 2.4GHz radio frequencies must be correctly matched to their antennas.
Fcc narrow banding mandate for two way radios - by bearcomjames Anderson
The FCC initiated narrowbanding in 1992 to increase spectrum efficiency for public safety and commercial radio users. It requires licensees operating two-way radios in the VHF and UHF bands to transition systems from 25 kHz channels to 12.5 kHz channels by January 1, 2013. Failure to meet this deadline will result in loss of communication capabilities. Narrowbanding will allow for more channels in the same spectrum space and promote new technologies. Users must assess their current equipment and work with consultants to budget, obtain new licenses, and implement upgrades or replacements to comply with the FCC mandate. Planning should begin well in advance of the 2013 deadline to successfully complete the transition.
This document summarizes new rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission regarding wireless E911 location accuracy requirements. Key points include:
1) The rules aim to significantly improve the ability to locate wireless 911 callers who are indoors by establishing new indoor location accuracy requirements for wireless carriers.
2) The requirements include timelines for carriers to provide either dispatchable location (a street address plus additional information like floor/room number) or x/y coordinate location within 50 meters for certain percentages of wireless 911 calls within 2, 3, 5 and 6 years.
3) The requirements incorporate commitments made in the "Roadmap for Improving E911 Location Accuracy" agreed to by public safety groups and major carriers, and
LTE Advanced carrier aggregation, it is possible to utilise more than one carrier and in this way increase the overall transmission bandwidth. These channels or carriers may be in contiguous elements of the spectrum, or they may be in different bands.
Carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced can increase bandwidth and bitrate by aggregating multiple component carriers. Each component carrier can have bandwidth of 1.4-20 MHz, and up to 5 carriers can be aggregated for a total of 100 MHz. Carrier aggregation supports both intra-band aggregation within the same frequency band and inter-band aggregation across different bands. Scheduling in carrier aggregation can occur either on the same carrier or across different carriers.
- NOMA is a non-orthogonal multiple access technology that can improve spectral efficiency by allowing all users to use all time-frequency resources simultaneously through techniques like power domain multiplexing and successive interference cancellation. However, it increases complexity.
- Full duplex technology aims to allow simultaneous uplink and downlink transmission but faces challenges from strong self-interference. Solutions involve antenna separation and self-interference cancellation.
- OAM uses the orbital angular momentum of electromagnetic waves to create orthogonal channels at the same frequency but faces challenges in application to cellular networks from atmospheric effects.
- Machine learning can optimize 5G across all layers to dynamically improve spectrum efficiency based on conditions.
This document provides an overview of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) technology. It discusses how WCDMA evolved from existing GSM and CDMA technologies to provide higher data rates and capacity. Key aspects of WCDMA include efficient power control, soft handover between cells, and the ability to allocate capacity between voice and data services. The document describes the basic architecture of a WCDMA network including the radio access network components like Node B base stations and radio network controllers.
LTE Carrier Aggregation Technology Development and Deployment Worldwide Muhammad Yahya
The document discusses carrier aggregation (CA) in LTE networks. It provides an overview of 3GPP specifications for CA, including supported CA combinations and configurations defined in Release 10, 11 and 12. It describes the process by which new CA combinations are specified in 3GPP and lists the LTE frequency bands. The document also summarizes key CA technology aspects such as benefits, deployment scenarios, device implementations and future enhancements.
This article introduces the design of the antenna and recommends two tested low-cost PCB antennas. These PCB antennas can be used with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) solutions. For the best performance, BLE and BLE 2.4GHz radio frequencies must be correctly matched to their antennas.
The document outlines regulations for independent electricity distribution networks in Nigeria put forth by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission. Some key points:
- It defines independent electricity distribution networks (IEDNs) and sets out rules for their structure, geographical areas, and participation in other regulated electricity activities.
- It specifies conditions for granting licenses to construct and operate IEDNs, including that there is no existing distribution system in the area or existing systems cannot meet demand.
- Licensed IEDN operators must comply with technical codes, maintain insurance, and provide non-discriminatory access to their networks. They must also maintain separate accounts for electricity distribution and other businesses.
- IEDNs must be designed, constructed
This document provides a tutorial on carrier aggregation (CA) in 4G LTE Advanced networks. It explains that CA allows multiple LTE carriers to be aggregated to provide higher data rates required for LTE Advanced by effectively increasing transmission bandwidth. There are different types of CA including intra-band using adjacent or non-adjacent carriers within a band, and inter-band using different frequency bands. CA supports bandwidths up to 100MHz and is defined for various bandwidth classes.
What are the Benefits of LoRaWAN Technology?
Today, we talk about the seven benefits of LoRaWAN technology application.
In December 2021, LoRaWAN officially became the ITU International Standard for Low Power Wide Area Networks and has been endorsed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
LoRaWAN is developed as an open standard and has been widely recognized by the low power wide area network community. The rapid adoption of this standard for global IoT low-power wide-area networks is a testament to its universality.
LoRaWAN is now a very popular LPWA communication standard that uses unlicensed radio spectrum in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band at frequencies ranging from approximately 433 MHz to 868 MHz, 915 MHz (standards vary around the world).
In the IoT connectivity environment, in addition to smart home networking and office space scenarios, many IoT devices will be connected and communicated in remote environments where the new environment will be inaccessible and require power connections due to M2M transmission coverage limitations.
Carrier aggregation is a technique used in LTE-Advanced to bond together multiple component carriers to increase overall transmission bandwidth beyond 20MHz and achieve higher data rates up to 1Gbps. It allows aggregation of up to 5 carriers that may be contiguous or non-contiguous in the same or different bands. The component carriers can have varying bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz. Carrier aggregation provides flexibility to efficiently use fragmented spectrum and achieve very high throughput using wider transmission bandwidths. It requires changes to the physical, MAC and RRC layers for proper operation across multiple carriers.
WLAN at 60GHz -Whitepaper from R&S-1 ma220 2e_wlan_11ad_wpSaurabh Verma
802.11ad defines WLAN standards for the 60GHz frequency band, allowing wireless data transmission rates of up to 7Gbps. It uses three different physical layer modes: single carrier, which provides data rates from 385Mbps to 4.6Gbps; OFDM, which supports up to 7Gbps; and a control mode for signaling. Key features include high throughput enabled by the wide 60GHz spectrum and use of beamforming to direct signals. The document provides details on modulation schemes, packet structures, and other technical aspects of the 3 PHY modes.
Cellular networks have evolved from 0G to 5G over several generations of technology. 1G networks in the early 1980s used analog transmission for primarily voice calls. 2G digital networks in the late 1980s enabled services like text messages. 3G networks in the 2000s supported broadband multimedia with speeds up to 2Mbps. 4G networks since 2010 provide faster "anytime, anywhere" services using IP. Research into 5G beyond 2020 aims for speeds over 10Gbps and connectivity of billions of devices. Each generation brought major improvements in speed and capabilities.
HSPA and Mobile WiMAX have several key technical similarities:
1. They both use dynamic scheduling to allocate radio resources only during active transmission periods, improving efficiency.
2. Link adaptation allows them to dynamically select modulation schemes and coding rates based on changing radio conditions, maximizing throughput.
3. H-ARQ with soft combining enables quick error correction on the downlink and uplink without retransmission, improving performance and capacity.
This document discusses radio frequency (RF) optimization for WCDMA networks. It describes typical RF problems such as issues with the neighbor cell list, poor coverage, and interference. Three case studies are provided as examples. The first case involves a call drop due to a missing neighbor cell. The second case is a call drop caused by an incorrect neighbor cell configuration. The third case examines high call drop rates resulting from inter-frequency handover settings. Solutions provided include updating the neighbor cell list, correcting the neighbor cell configuration, and modifying inter-frequency handover parameters.
The document discusses signaling fundamentals in a base station subsystem (BSS). It describes the A, Abis, and Um interfaces between the BSS components. The A interface uses SS7 protocol layers including the physical layer, MTP, SCCP and BSSAP. The BSSAP layer supports BSSMAP messages for connectionless and connection-oriented signaling between the BSS and MSC.
A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in
(COMMUNICATION)
BY
AKRM ABDULAH RASSAM (91048)
AMAL ABDULRAHMAN HAMOUD (10003)
MOHAMMED ABDULJABBAR QAID (10029)
MOHAMMED ABDUL-RAHMAN (91028)
NADA YASIN ABDULSALAM (10038)
SAMAR ABDULKAWE ALSHARAIE (10016)
SUPERVISOR
DR. REDHWAN QASEM SHADDAD
TAIZ, YEMEN
2015
Practice directions rts net metering regulations 2015Jay Ranvir
CONNECTIVITY FOR ‘CHANGE-OVER’ CONSUMERS
PRACTICE DIRECTIONS Meter reading, energy accounting and settlement with the Consumer shall be
undertaken by the Supply Licensee as per the terms of the Regulations. The Supply
Licensee shall pay the Wheeling Charges, as approved by the Commission for a
particular financial year and corresponding to the unadjusted net credited Units of
electricity at the end of that year, to the Wires Licensee. Such payment will be taken
into account by the Commission while determining the respective Aggregate Revenue
Requirements.
The document summarizes topics that were covered in a seminar on BSNL EETP training, including:
1. Digital switching systems, transmission systems, telecom support infrastructure, optical fiber technology, broadband technology, and information/cyber security.
2. Key aspects of digital switching systems discussed include PSTN network components, signaling methods, and facilities offered by electronic exchanges.
3. Digital transmission systems, fiber-to-the-X networks, wavelength division multiplexing, and components of telecom support infrastructure like power systems, towers, and shelters were overviewed.
LTE & Wi-Fi: Options for Uniting Them for a Better User ExperienceAricent
Most national governments consider the radio spectrum a valuable national resource and heavily regulate its commercial use. Governments typically auction off licenses for the right to transmit over a portion of the spectrum, which can be very expensive. The traditional business model for cellular
carriers is based on access to this licensed business has coalesced worldwide around a single 4th generation (4G) radio technology standard called Long Term Evolution, commonly referred to as LTE.
The document discusses radio frequency (RF) network planning and optimization. It describes the responsibilities of RF planners, which include designing site plans and frequency plans. It also describes the responsibilities of RF optimization personnel, which include maintaining network performance metrics and studying new features. The document outlines training courses on RF network planning and optimization, covering topics like coverage, capacity, frequency planning, optimization features and parameters, and key performance indicator monitoring.
To meet customers' requirements for high-quality networks, LTE trial networks must be optimized during and after project implementation. Radio frequency (RF) optimization is necessary in the entire optimization process. This document provides guidelines on network optimization for network planning and optimization personnel.
Wireless communication for 8th sem EC VTU studentsSURESHA V
This document provides an introduction to wireless telecommunication systems and networks. It discusses the history of wireless radio technology from ancient smoke signals to modern cellular systems. The key developments include Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, Marconi's transatlantic radio transmission, the evolution of AM and FM radio, and the cellular concept of dividing cities into cells served by low-power base stations. It also describes the modern telecommunications infrastructure, including the public switched telephone network (PSTN), public data network (PDN), signaling system 7 (SS7), broadband cable systems, and the Internet.
The document discusses wireless local loop (WLL) technology using radio to provide telephone connections to homes. It provides a history of WLL beginning in the 1950s and discusses different types of WLL systems including cellular-based, cordless-based, proprietary systems, and satellite-based. It also covers topics such as speech encoding, error correction coding, multiple access techniques including FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA, and discusses how CDMA WLL can help address problems with providing seamless coverage for fixed network operators.
- Budget/Stadium Towing are looking to consolidate their incompatible two-way radio systems into a single system.
- They currently use Nextel (Stadium) and Bearcom LTR trunking radios (Budget). Bearcom offers better coverage for their needs and more cost-effective unlimited airtime.
- The proposal recommends upgrading both companies to the Bearcom LTR system, which allows adding channels/radios and talkgroups for improved coordination between the companies.
The document summarizes the CERC Communication Regulations introduced in 2017 to improve monitoring and control of India's power grid. Key points:
- Regulations establish roles for agencies like CEA, CTU, STUs to coordinate planning and development of reliable communication infrastructure.
- CTU is nodal agency for inter-state systems while STUs coordinate intra-state networks to ensure real-time transmission of operational data.
- Regulations aim to achieve 99.9% annual availability of communication channels with 100% availability using backup systems.
- Status updates from various states show availability of real-time renewable energy generator data ranges from 33-100%, with some states still needing improvements.
This document provides guidelines for LTE radio frequency (RF) network optimization. It describes the network optimization process including single site verification and RF optimization. Key aspects of RF optimization covered include preparing for optimization by collecting data, analyzing problems related to coverage, signal quality and handover success rate, and adjusting parameters like transmit power, antenna tilts and neighboring cell configurations. Common issues addressed are weak coverage, coverage holes, lack of a dominant cell, and cross coverage between cells. Optimization methods and specific cases are presented to resolve different problems.
This document provides a summary of an opening keynote presentation on the FCC's efforts to facilitate broadband buildouts. The summary includes:
1) The presentation covered recent FCC orders and proposals aimed at speeding up the deployment of wireless infrastructure, including orders addressing pole attachments, interpretations of Section 6409(a) regarding modifications to existing towers, and proposals to streamline environmental and historic reviews for small cells and distributed antenna systems.
2) The FCC also released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on further clarifying terms in Section 6409(a) and implementing that provision, as well as proposals regarding temporary wireless structures and Section 332(c)(7).
3) The presentation provided an overview of
This document provides a summary of the key topics that will be discussed at the AGL Wireless Infrastructure Conference in Boston on November 5, 2013. The opening keynote will discuss the FCC's proceedings to facilitate broadband buildouts and pole attachment orders. Other topics include Section 6409(a) of the Spectrum Act, FCC guidance on small cells and DAS deployments, temporary towers, and further guidance on Section 6409(a) and Section 332(c)(7). Breakout sessions will cover site acquisition challenges, wireless business trends, the wireless industry and NATE, and opportunities for small cell deployments.
The document outlines regulations for independent electricity distribution networks in Nigeria put forth by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission. Some key points:
- It defines independent electricity distribution networks (IEDNs) and sets out rules for their structure, geographical areas, and participation in other regulated electricity activities.
- It specifies conditions for granting licenses to construct and operate IEDNs, including that there is no existing distribution system in the area or existing systems cannot meet demand.
- Licensed IEDN operators must comply with technical codes, maintain insurance, and provide non-discriminatory access to their networks. They must also maintain separate accounts for electricity distribution and other businesses.
- IEDNs must be designed, constructed
This document provides a tutorial on carrier aggregation (CA) in 4G LTE Advanced networks. It explains that CA allows multiple LTE carriers to be aggregated to provide higher data rates required for LTE Advanced by effectively increasing transmission bandwidth. There are different types of CA including intra-band using adjacent or non-adjacent carriers within a band, and inter-band using different frequency bands. CA supports bandwidths up to 100MHz and is defined for various bandwidth classes.
What are the Benefits of LoRaWAN Technology?
Today, we talk about the seven benefits of LoRaWAN technology application.
In December 2021, LoRaWAN officially became the ITU International Standard for Low Power Wide Area Networks and has been endorsed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
LoRaWAN is developed as an open standard and has been widely recognized by the low power wide area network community. The rapid adoption of this standard for global IoT low-power wide-area networks is a testament to its universality.
LoRaWAN is now a very popular LPWA communication standard that uses unlicensed radio spectrum in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band at frequencies ranging from approximately 433 MHz to 868 MHz, 915 MHz (standards vary around the world).
In the IoT connectivity environment, in addition to smart home networking and office space scenarios, many IoT devices will be connected and communicated in remote environments where the new environment will be inaccessible and require power connections due to M2M transmission coverage limitations.
Carrier aggregation is a technique used in LTE-Advanced to bond together multiple component carriers to increase overall transmission bandwidth beyond 20MHz and achieve higher data rates up to 1Gbps. It allows aggregation of up to 5 carriers that may be contiguous or non-contiguous in the same or different bands. The component carriers can have varying bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz. Carrier aggregation provides flexibility to efficiently use fragmented spectrum and achieve very high throughput using wider transmission bandwidths. It requires changes to the physical, MAC and RRC layers for proper operation across multiple carriers.
WLAN at 60GHz -Whitepaper from R&S-1 ma220 2e_wlan_11ad_wpSaurabh Verma
802.11ad defines WLAN standards for the 60GHz frequency band, allowing wireless data transmission rates of up to 7Gbps. It uses three different physical layer modes: single carrier, which provides data rates from 385Mbps to 4.6Gbps; OFDM, which supports up to 7Gbps; and a control mode for signaling. Key features include high throughput enabled by the wide 60GHz spectrum and use of beamforming to direct signals. The document provides details on modulation schemes, packet structures, and other technical aspects of the 3 PHY modes.
Cellular networks have evolved from 0G to 5G over several generations of technology. 1G networks in the early 1980s used analog transmission for primarily voice calls. 2G digital networks in the late 1980s enabled services like text messages. 3G networks in the 2000s supported broadband multimedia with speeds up to 2Mbps. 4G networks since 2010 provide faster "anytime, anywhere" services using IP. Research into 5G beyond 2020 aims for speeds over 10Gbps and connectivity of billions of devices. Each generation brought major improvements in speed and capabilities.
HSPA and Mobile WiMAX have several key technical similarities:
1. They both use dynamic scheduling to allocate radio resources only during active transmission periods, improving efficiency.
2. Link adaptation allows them to dynamically select modulation schemes and coding rates based on changing radio conditions, maximizing throughput.
3. H-ARQ with soft combining enables quick error correction on the downlink and uplink without retransmission, improving performance and capacity.
This document discusses radio frequency (RF) optimization for WCDMA networks. It describes typical RF problems such as issues with the neighbor cell list, poor coverage, and interference. Three case studies are provided as examples. The first case involves a call drop due to a missing neighbor cell. The second case is a call drop caused by an incorrect neighbor cell configuration. The third case examines high call drop rates resulting from inter-frequency handover settings. Solutions provided include updating the neighbor cell list, correcting the neighbor cell configuration, and modifying inter-frequency handover parameters.
The document discusses signaling fundamentals in a base station subsystem (BSS). It describes the A, Abis, and Um interfaces between the BSS components. The A interface uses SS7 protocol layers including the physical layer, MTP, SCCP and BSSAP. The BSSAP layer supports BSSMAP messages for connectionless and connection-oriented signaling between the BSS and MSC.
A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in
(COMMUNICATION)
BY
AKRM ABDULAH RASSAM (91048)
AMAL ABDULRAHMAN HAMOUD (10003)
MOHAMMED ABDULJABBAR QAID (10029)
MOHAMMED ABDUL-RAHMAN (91028)
NADA YASIN ABDULSALAM (10038)
SAMAR ABDULKAWE ALSHARAIE (10016)
SUPERVISOR
DR. REDHWAN QASEM SHADDAD
TAIZ, YEMEN
2015
Practice directions rts net metering regulations 2015Jay Ranvir
CONNECTIVITY FOR ‘CHANGE-OVER’ CONSUMERS
PRACTICE DIRECTIONS Meter reading, energy accounting and settlement with the Consumer shall be
undertaken by the Supply Licensee as per the terms of the Regulations. The Supply
Licensee shall pay the Wheeling Charges, as approved by the Commission for a
particular financial year and corresponding to the unadjusted net credited Units of
electricity at the end of that year, to the Wires Licensee. Such payment will be taken
into account by the Commission while determining the respective Aggregate Revenue
Requirements.
The document summarizes topics that were covered in a seminar on BSNL EETP training, including:
1. Digital switching systems, transmission systems, telecom support infrastructure, optical fiber technology, broadband technology, and information/cyber security.
2. Key aspects of digital switching systems discussed include PSTN network components, signaling methods, and facilities offered by electronic exchanges.
3. Digital transmission systems, fiber-to-the-X networks, wavelength division multiplexing, and components of telecom support infrastructure like power systems, towers, and shelters were overviewed.
LTE & Wi-Fi: Options for Uniting Them for a Better User ExperienceAricent
Most national governments consider the radio spectrum a valuable national resource and heavily regulate its commercial use. Governments typically auction off licenses for the right to transmit over a portion of the spectrum, which can be very expensive. The traditional business model for cellular
carriers is based on access to this licensed business has coalesced worldwide around a single 4th generation (4G) radio technology standard called Long Term Evolution, commonly referred to as LTE.
The document discusses radio frequency (RF) network planning and optimization. It describes the responsibilities of RF planners, which include designing site plans and frequency plans. It also describes the responsibilities of RF optimization personnel, which include maintaining network performance metrics and studying new features. The document outlines training courses on RF network planning and optimization, covering topics like coverage, capacity, frequency planning, optimization features and parameters, and key performance indicator monitoring.
To meet customers' requirements for high-quality networks, LTE trial networks must be optimized during and after project implementation. Radio frequency (RF) optimization is necessary in the entire optimization process. This document provides guidelines on network optimization for network planning and optimization personnel.
Wireless communication for 8th sem EC VTU studentsSURESHA V
This document provides an introduction to wireless telecommunication systems and networks. It discusses the history of wireless radio technology from ancient smoke signals to modern cellular systems. The key developments include Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, Marconi's transatlantic radio transmission, the evolution of AM and FM radio, and the cellular concept of dividing cities into cells served by low-power base stations. It also describes the modern telecommunications infrastructure, including the public switched telephone network (PSTN), public data network (PDN), signaling system 7 (SS7), broadband cable systems, and the Internet.
The document discusses wireless local loop (WLL) technology using radio to provide telephone connections to homes. It provides a history of WLL beginning in the 1950s and discusses different types of WLL systems including cellular-based, cordless-based, proprietary systems, and satellite-based. It also covers topics such as speech encoding, error correction coding, multiple access techniques including FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA, and discusses how CDMA WLL can help address problems with providing seamless coverage for fixed network operators.
- Budget/Stadium Towing are looking to consolidate their incompatible two-way radio systems into a single system.
- They currently use Nextel (Stadium) and Bearcom LTR trunking radios (Budget). Bearcom offers better coverage for their needs and more cost-effective unlimited airtime.
- The proposal recommends upgrading both companies to the Bearcom LTR system, which allows adding channels/radios and talkgroups for improved coordination between the companies.
The document summarizes the CERC Communication Regulations introduced in 2017 to improve monitoring and control of India's power grid. Key points:
- Regulations establish roles for agencies like CEA, CTU, STUs to coordinate planning and development of reliable communication infrastructure.
- CTU is nodal agency for inter-state systems while STUs coordinate intra-state networks to ensure real-time transmission of operational data.
- Regulations aim to achieve 99.9% annual availability of communication channels with 100% availability using backup systems.
- Status updates from various states show availability of real-time renewable energy generator data ranges from 33-100%, with some states still needing improvements.
This document provides guidelines for LTE radio frequency (RF) network optimization. It describes the network optimization process including single site verification and RF optimization. Key aspects of RF optimization covered include preparing for optimization by collecting data, analyzing problems related to coverage, signal quality and handover success rate, and adjusting parameters like transmit power, antenna tilts and neighboring cell configurations. Common issues addressed are weak coverage, coverage holes, lack of a dominant cell, and cross coverage between cells. Optimization methods and specific cases are presented to resolve different problems.
This document provides a summary of an opening keynote presentation on the FCC's efforts to facilitate broadband buildouts. The summary includes:
1) The presentation covered recent FCC orders and proposals aimed at speeding up the deployment of wireless infrastructure, including orders addressing pole attachments, interpretations of Section 6409(a) regarding modifications to existing towers, and proposals to streamline environmental and historic reviews for small cells and distributed antenna systems.
2) The FCC also released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on further clarifying terms in Section 6409(a) and implementing that provision, as well as proposals regarding temporary wireless structures and Section 332(c)(7).
3) The presentation provided an overview of
This document provides a summary of the key topics that will be discussed at the AGL Wireless Infrastructure Conference in Boston on November 5, 2013. The opening keynote will discuss the FCC's proceedings to facilitate broadband buildouts and pole attachment orders. Other topics include Section 6409(a) of the Spectrum Act, FCC guidance on small cells and DAS deployments, temporary towers, and further guidance on Section 6409(a) and Section 332(c)(7). Breakout sessions will cover site acquisition challenges, wireless business trends, the wireless industry and NATE, and opportunities for small cell deployments.
At the International Municipal Lawyers Association’s annual Spring Meeting in Washington, D.C., we presented “Telecommunications 2016: The Challenges Facing Local Government and its Counsel.”
LA Lawyer Magazine - Jan 2016 Issue - New Requirements Facilitate Wireless In...Daniel E. Goodrich
This document summarizes new developments in facilitating wireless infrastructure development through streamlining the siting process. It discusses:
1) The FCC recently clarified terms in the 2012 Spectrum Act like "eligible facilities request" and "substantially change" to expand the types of projects that qualify for streamlined approval under Section 6409. This includes antenna and equipment modifications as well as new deployments on existing structures.
2) The FCC also set new shot clock timelines for reviewing applications, requiring approval or denial within 60 days for Section 6409 applications to avoid deemed granted approval. This is aimed to accelerate wireless deployment projects.
3) Federal law now limits the documentation municipalities can require and shifts the burden to municipalities
The document discusses issues surrounding regulation of radio frequency (RF) radiation from telecommunications devices like smart meters. It notes that the FCC's exposure limits were last updated in 1996 and the GAO recommends a review. An upcoming FCC document addresses this by proposing to make exposure standards uniform and inquiring if the current "thermal" safety basis is adequate. The document also discusses state laws and initiatives regarding smart meter opt-outs in places like California, Maine, Vermont and debates over time-based metering.
The document discusses evolving standards for local control over wireless facility siting. It summarizes rounds of federal action that have increasingly limited local authority, including a 2009 FCC order, 2012 federal statute on collocation, and 2013 FCC guidance. It predicts further imminent federal actions and increased litigation and state legislation. It advises localities to update ordinances, educate regulators through coalitions, and participate in rulemakings to advocate local perspectives.
Cellphone Tower Regulation: Maximizing Revenue While Protecting Local InterestsBest Best and Krieger LLP
Joseph Van Eaton and Gerry Lederer, partners in the BB&K Washington, D.C. office, recently conducted an educational program on regulatory and transactional concerns arising from the siting or collocation of a wireless tower. The presentation focused on the impact of new FCC rules limiting local authority to control modifications of existing wireless facilities on siting regulation and on negotiations for use of public property to place wireless facilities.
This document discusses wireless telecommunications facilities and trends in wireless technology. It provides an overview of how cell phones work and issues around siting facilities, including visual impacts and health concerns regarding radio frequency (RF) emissions. It notes trends toward increasing capacity needs, upgrades to 4G/LTE technology, and deploying more antennas closer to users through small cell sites and distributed antenna systems. The document also summarizes relevant federal rules and regulations governing the review and permitting of wireless facilities, including timelines for local approval under the FCC's shot clock rules and requirements for approving certain modifications under Section 6409 of the 2012 TRA.
This document summarizes several FCC developments that present threats and opportunities for Texas cities related to wireless infrastructure, telecommunications mergers, net neutrality, public safety networks, and cable franchising. Key points discussed include new FCC rules around wireless facility siting, pending mergers between major telecommunications providers that could impact competition and pricing, concerns about "fast lanes" on the internet, the development of a national public safety network, and FCC orders reconsidering cable franchising standards.
Fcc narrow banding mandate for two way radios - by bearcomjames Anderson
The FCC initiated narrowbanding in 1992 to increase spectrum efficiency for public safety and commercial radio users. It requires licensees operating in the VHF and UHF bands to transition from 25 kHz channels to 12.5 kHz channels by January 1, 2013. Those who do not comply will lose their communication capabilities. While the deadline seems far off, planning and budgeting for upgrades needs to begin soon. This white paper discusses the narrowbanding process, costs, conversion steps, and answers frequently asked questions.
The document summarizes recent developments in the telecommunications industry from the July 2012 FCC open meeting and other sources. Key topics discussed include:
1) New mapping tools and broadband technologies presented at the FCC meeting.
2) Items tentatively scheduled for the August FCC meeting regarding cable rules and wireless backhaul.
3) Requirements for television stations to post public files online beginning in August 2012.
3) Interoperability standards transmitted from the FCC to FirstNet for the nationwide public safety broadband network.
This document discusses national standards versus local control of wireless siting issues. It provides an overview of the growth of the U.S. wireless industry from 1997 to 2012. It then summarizes the key rounds of national standards that have been established through the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the FCC's 2009 Shot Clock Order, the 2010 National Broadband Plan, the 2011 FCC Rights of Way and Wireless Siting NOI, the 2012 federal collocation statute, and 2013 FCC Guidance. It raises questions about the implications of the FCC's interpretation of the collocation statute and whether it could impact local control, safety, and aesthetics. It concludes by discussing the potential for future FCC rulemaking.
The document discusses wireless trends in medical devices and technologies. It covers increasing wireless approvals, regulatory changes, new standards, and emerging wireless medical technologies including wearables, inductive devices, medical body area networks (MBAN), and wireless medical telemetry service (WMTS). Risks of wireless medical devices are also mentioned.
The big events relating to local permitting of wireless telecommunications facilities and how they fit together: Case law; the FCC "shot clock" ruling and Supreme Court case; Section 6409(a) of the Middle Class Tax Relief Act and follow-on court decisions
The document summarizes updates from the FCC and Congress regarding regulatory fees, spectrum transactions, and funding appropriations. It also provides updates on public safety broadband networks, the 4.9 GHz proceeding, conflicts of interest, Connect America funds, mobile phone health effects, cybersecurity legislation, the Tennis Channel carriage complaint, video competition reports, the mobility fund auction, E-Rate funding, USF/ICC reforms, and rural health care broadband support.
This document summarizes key issues regarding communications laws and their effects on local authority. It discusses how federal laws have increasingly impacted local control over wireless facilities, compensation for use of public property, broadband deployment, and ensuring adequate communications services. It recommends that local governments review and revise ordinances, participate in federal proceedings, and devote resources to take advantage of rights and develop policy goals reflecting the changing landscape. It also provides an overview of relevant federal provisions and cases, and identifies risks to local revenues and public interest obligations from emerging technologies and proceedings.
The Federal Communications Commission is considering adopting rules that could limit local governments’ zoning authority and allow wireless-service providers to add facilities to existing buildings, towers, and other structures in public rights-of-way and elsewhere. The wireless industry will likely push the federal agency to adopt rules that will allow them to place and expand facilities with little or no oversight.
The FCC has commenced a new rulemaking proceeding to accelerate the deployment of wireless facilities and broadband. The rulemaking may limit local authority to regulate the placement and size of wireless facilities. It also threatens the ability of localities to prevent harm to environmentally and historically sensitive areas. Localities will need to participate in the proceeding to protect their interests from industry efforts to curb local regulatory power. The FCC is considering rules to implement Section 6409, which concerns modifications to existing wireless towers and base stations, and revisions to shot clock rules under Section 332 that impose deadlines for local permitting decisions.
This document provides standards for electrical engineering systems in GSA public buildings. It discusses general design approaches, applicable codes and standards, commissioning requirements, and guidelines for placing electrical and communications systems within buildings. Standards are provided for horizontal and vertical distribution of power and communications infrastructure, including separate pathways for different systems. Commissioning practices are to be coordinated between the electrical engineer and other project roles to test programmed performance goals.
Similar to Fast DAS FCC Comments Biennial Review(12-5-2016FY) (20)
Fast DAS FCC Comments Biennial Review(12-5-2016FY)
1. Before the
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20554
In the Matter of )
)
2016 Biennial Review of ) WT Docket No. 16-138
Telecommunications Regulations By )
The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau )
COMMENTS OF FAST DAS, LLC
Fast DAS, LLC Ronald E. Quirk. Jr.
3164 Stratford Ct. Marashlian & Donahue, PLLC
Oakton, VA 22124 1420 Spring Hill Road, Suite 401
(571) 212-0936 Tysons, VA 22102
info@fastdas.com (703) 714-1305
req@commlawgroup.com
December 5, 2016
2. -i-
SUMMARY
Over the past several years, the Commission has promoted a policy of expediting wireless
broadband development. In its October 2014 Infrastructure Order, the Commission took a
major step toward furthering its policy by promulgating rules that facilitate the sharing of
wireless communications infrastructure. One such rule is Section 1.40001, “Wireless Facility
Modifications.”
Section 1.40001 requires state and local governments to approve “eligibility facilities
requests” for modification of existing towers or base stations if the request does not substantially
alter their physical dimensions. A key subsection of this rule is the 60-day timeframe for review
eligible facilities requests; an eligible facilities request is “deemed granted” if a state or local
government fails to issue a decision by the expiration of the 60-day “shot clock.”
While this rule can certainly serve to help expedite the sharing of infrastructure, there are
some gaps therein that can result in substantial delays in the construction of wireless equipment.
Under the current rule, a reviewing entity can indefinitely delay construction of a site simply by
filing legal action against an applicant. There is no requirement reviewing entities conduct their
proceedings in public. State and local governments are at liberty to conduct their reviews of
eligibility facilities requests in closed proceedings. This can lead to all manner of regulatory
uncertainty and delays in deploying wireless infrastructure.
Accordingly, Section 1.40001 should be modified to provide for immediate construction
after the expiration of the shot clock, and mandate full transparency by state and local
governments in their eligible facilities request proceedings. These suggested rule modifications
will promote the Commission’s goal of rapid wireless broadband deployment, by removing
needless delays in the construction and sharing of wireless infrastructure.
3. -ii-
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1
a. Fast DAS’s Standing in this Proceeding ...................................................................................1
II. THESE COMMENTS FALL WITHIN THE SCOPE OF A SECTION 11 REVIEW ...................3
III. COMPETITION IS ROBUST IN THE WIRELESS MARKETPLACE: NEUTRAL-HOST DAS
FILLS IN COVERAGE GAPS AND INCREASES CAPACITY TO EXPEDITE WIRELESS
BROADBAND TO THE PUBLIC..................................................................................................4
IV. INTERNATIONAL LAW REQUIRES IN-BUILDING RADIO COVERAGE FOR PUBLIC
SAFETY PURPOSES......................................................................................................................6
V. RULE 1.40001 SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO FURTHER FACILITATE INFRASTRUCTURE
SHARING THAT SUPPORTS WIRELESS BROADBAND.........................................................8
a. The FCC Should Modify Subsection 1.40001(c)(4) to Provide that Construction May Begin
Immediately After the Shot Clock Expires ...............................................................................9
b. Section 1.40001 Should Provide for Complete Transparency in State and Local
Governments’ Eligible Facilities Application Review Proceedings .......................................11
VI. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROMOTE ENTREPRENUERS’ ACCESS TO
CAPITAL.......................................................................................................................................12
VII. CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
4. -1-
Before the
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20554
In the Matter of )
)
2016 Biennial Review of ) WT Docket No. 16-138
Telecommunications Regulations By )
The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau )
COMMENTS OF FAST DAS, LLC
I. INTRODUCTION
Fast DAS, LLC (“Fast DAS”), by its attorney, submits these comments in response to the
Commission’s recent Public Notice seeking comments as part of its 2016 Biennial Review of
Telecommunications Regulations.1
The rule modifications that Fast DAS advocates herein will
help expedite and consolidate the densification of the wireless technology equipment necessary
to deliver the largest amount of bandwidth to the public, which will act as a catalyst in achieving
the Commission’s critical public interest mission of spurring the rapid deployment of wireless
broadband to consumers, businesses, and public safety entities throughout the U.S.2
a. Fast DAS’s Standing in this Proceeding
Fast DAS is a veteran-owned independent provider of distributed antenna systems
(“DAS”), located in Oakton, VA.3
Fast DAS works with spectrum operator organizations to
plan, implement, and monitor quality multi-carrier neutral host DAS for enterprise clients. Fast
DAS specializes in efficiently bringing to market spectrum operator standards compliant power-
1
See Commission Seeks Public Comment in 2016 Biennial Review of Telecommunications
Regulations, Public Notice, FCC 16-149, rel. November 3, 2016.
2
See In the Matter of Broadband Deployment by Improving Wireless Facilities Siting Policies,
Report and Order, 29 FCC Rcd 12865 ¶ 5 (2014) (”Infrastructure Order”).
3
See www.fastdas.com.
5. -2-
sharing multicarrier neutral host wireless telecommunications infrastructure solutions that serve
commercial enterprise clients and public safety entities. In concert with spectrum operators and
enterprise clients, Fast DAS effectively delivers large amounts of high quality bandwidth by
utilizing carrier standards to optimize and safeguard scarce spectrum resources.
Fast DAS also works closely with first responders to efficiently implement and
commission public safety radio systems. In order to deliver those systems, Fast DAS works with
local and state agencies on code compliance, zoning, siting, and other regulatory matters.
Through its work with those government agencies, as well as businesses and first
responders, Fast DAS understands the importance of efficient wireless infrastructure siting
regulations. And, as a DAS provider, Fast DAS’s business is affected by the FCC’s siting rules.
It is instructive to provide a brief overview as to how Fast DAS’s systems work, in order
to illustrate why Fast DAS requires reliable outside signals and how it provides complete
building coverage, which is important for public safety reasons, as described below.
A Fast DAS in-building system receives an outside radio signal that is fed into a DAS
head-end. The signal source may be: (a) a base transceiver station, or small cell, for cellular,
public safety, or both, that is collocated at the DAS head-end; or (b) a bi-directional
amplifier(BDA) fed by a directional rooftop donor antenna that picks up and rebroadcasts over
the air signals from a nearby site, collocated and injected to the DAS head-end . The DAS head-
end converts the radio frequency (“RF”) signal to an optical signal for transmission over a fiber
optic cable that connects to DAS remote unit. The remote units convert the optical signal back to
an RF signal and connect to antennas that are strategically located throughout the building.
While Fast DAS’s current business is primarily the provision of in-building DAS, its
business plan includes expansion to outdoor venues, which will make the FCC’s siting rules even
6. -3-
more pertinent to Fast DAS’s core business. Accordingly, Fast DAS has standing in this
proceeding.
II. THESE COMMENTS FALL WITHIN THE SCOPE OF A SECTION 11 REVIEW
Section 11 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (“1996 Act”) requires the
Commission to undertake biennial reviews of its rules in order to identify and repeal or modify
any rules that are no longer in the public interest as a result of meaningful economic competition
between providers of such service.4
In the Public Notice, the Commission stated that parties in
this proceeding should discuss how their suggested rule changes satisfy the standards of Section
11 as interpreted by the D.C. Circuit Court in Cellco Partnership v. FCC, which affirmed the
Commission’s Section 11 interpretations in its 2002 Biennial Review.5
In its 2002 Biennial Review, the Commission stated that scope of a Section 11 review
involves rules that: (a) apply to the operations or activities of any telecommunications provider;
and (b) were promulgated under the Communications Act.6
The Commission’s primary task in a
biennial review involves identifying, and modifying or eliminating such rules that are no longer
necessary.7
The Commission averred that adding rules, as opposed to modifying or eliminating
existing them, may be beyond the immediate task of a Section 11 review.8
The Commission
clarified that, as it had decided in a previous biennial review, it is not prohibited from expanding
the scope of its Section 11 review to consider other matters, i.e., when it reviews its rules
pursuant to the biennial review requirements and considers competitive developments, the
4
See Public Notice at 1, citing 47 U.S.C. §161(b).
5
Id., citing Cellco Partnership v. FCC, 357 F.3d 88 (D.C. Cir. 2004) and 2002 Biennial
Regulatory Review, Opinion, 18 FCC Rcd 4726 (2003).
6
2002 Biennial Review at ¶ 7.
7
Id. at ¶ 11.
8
Id.
7. -4-
Commission may consider whether new or different regulations are more appropriate than the
current ones.9
To that end, Fast DAS urges the Commission to modify Section 1.40001 of its Rules,10
which pertains to telecommunications activities and was promulgated pursuant to the
Communications Act.11
Specifically, Fast DAS requests that Section 1.40001 be modified to
include: (1) a provision stating that once an eligible facilities application is “deemed granted”
due to local government inaction and expiration of the applicable “shot clock,” the applicant may
immediately commence construction and provide service: and (2) language mandating that state
and local governments’ eligible facilities application review proceedings must be done publicly,
with full transparency. Fast DAS also advocates adopting and expanding Commissioner Pai’s
suggestions that the federal government promote entrepreneurs’ access to capital.
III. COMPETITION IS ROBUST IN THE WIRELESS MARKETPLACE:
NEUTRAL-HOST DAS FILLS IN COVERAGE GAPS AND INCREASES
CAPACITY TO EXPEDITE WIRELESS BROADBAND TO THE PUBLIC
Regarding the “meaningful economic competition” aspect of a Section 11 review, as
shown by the Commission’s most recent Wireless Competition Report,12
competition among
U.S. wireless providers is flourishing. As of July 2015, “approximately 92 percent of the
population was covered by three or more service providers, while approximately 82 percent of
the population was covered four or more service providers.”13
The Commission stated that the
9
Id., citing The 2000 Biennial Regulatory Review, Opinion, 16 FCC Rcd 1207 (2000) at ¶ 19.
10
47 C.F.R. §1.40001.
11
See e.g., Infrastructure Order at ¶ 149. Section 1.40001 implements Section 6409 of the
Spectrum Act, which was codified at Section 1455 of the Communications Act, 47 U.S.C.
§1455.
12
In the Matter of Implementation of Section 6002(b) of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1993,
Annual Report and Analysis of Competitive Market Conditions With Respect to Mobile Wireless,
Including Commercial Mobile Services, Eighteenth Report, 30 FCC Rcd 14515 (2015).
13
Id. at ¶ 38.
8. -5-
implementation of wireless infrastructure facilities, including DAS, is one of the major indices of
competition in the wireless industry.14
The Commission further asserted that in recent years,
wireless providers have been employing more and more DAS facilities to fill local coverage gaps
and increase local capacity.15
DAS facilities are deployed to address coverage and capacity
issues outdoors in densely populated areas where wireless demands are too great to be met solely
with macro cells.16
A primary reason why DAS is an indispensable part of wireless competition is its neutral
host capabilities, which are designed for multiple carriers. A DAS node can support an unlimited
number of simultaneous connections. That is because a DAS is simply a medium for RF
transport and any limits on the supporting connections are imposed by the signal sources that
feed the DAS. A neutral host DAS can support up to 16 frequency bands and thousands of
devices, depending on the number of radio transceivers allocated to the network.17
Neutral host DAS infrastructure sharing is more economical for wireless carriers. If a
DAS is designed and deployed properly, it will provide the largest amount of high quality
licensed bandwidth through common coverage and capacity to numerous spectrum operators via
a single distribution backbone that can be achieved without adding multiple layers of
independent systems, i.e. small cells. Each “Carrier”, i.e. licensed spectrum operator
organization, needs to provide only their signal sources (via a dedicated base station or a donor
antenna/signal conditioner/BDA ) to connect its core network to a neutral host DAS.
14
Id. at ¶ 63.
15
Id. at ¶ 64.
16
Id.
17
Id.
9. -6-
The respected Wireless 20/20 industry consultant Randall Schwartz recently explained
how neutral host infrastructure sharing is critical to the economics of the wireless mobile
broadband industry. Schwartz observed that mobile network carriers, businesses and venue
owners are focusing their network infrastructure investments on providing the same level of in-
building coverage and capacity that customers expect outdoors, and that neutral host networks
are key to balancing the need for coverage and capacity with the reality of cost pressures:
As individual [mobile network operators] look to deploy their own solutions in a venue,
the cost for providing this additional coverage may not justify the benefit for the
improved service. Yet, if a third party can provide one shared infrastructure, such as
DAS, small cells or cloud RAN that can support all operators in a venue, the economics
suddenly turn in favor of both the Neutral Host provider and the MNOs.18
Because neutral host DAS is such an important component of meaningful economic
wireless competition, the Commission should review its pertinent rules, and modify them to
ensure that neutral host DAS and similar technologies can flourish in the U.S. marketplace.19
IV. INTERNATIONAL LAW REQUIRES IN-BUILDING RADIO COVERAGE
FOR PUBLIC SAFETY PURPOSES
Blocked radio reception, particularly in buildings, remains a real problem for first
responders, who depend on unobstructed communication to ensure the safety of themselves and
others in emergency situations.20
Because delayed action by local governments raise serious
public safety concerns, in addition to hindering the deployment of commercial wireless
broadband, it is important to consider what is at stake and why the subject rules should be
modified.
18
See “Wireless 20/20 Consultant Call Neutral Host a ‘Win-Win for MNOs and Venue
Owners,’” RCR Wireless News (July 26, 2016).
19
See 2000 Biennial Regulatory Review at ¶19; see also Infrastructure Order at ¶ 5 (wireless
broadband development would be expedited by facilitating the sharing of infrastructure,
including neutral host DAS).
20
See www.dassimplified.com/das.
10. -7-
The International Fire Code (“IFC”), which is in use in 42 states, the District of
Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico, has a number of requirements regarding emergency
responder radio coverage in buildings.21
These requirements include: (a) new buildings shall
have approved radio coverage for emergency responders within the building; (b) radio signal
strength requirements must be met in 95% of all areas on each floor of the building; and (c) all
existing buildings shall have radio coverage throughout the building and are required to retrofit
the building with radio coverage if the existing wired system is not able to be repaired or is being
replaced; or per a timeline as identified by the pertinent jurisdiction.22
In-building DAS is key to IFC compliance for building owners. With the current state of
technology, Fast DAS utilizes separate equipment for the provision of public safety
communications. Due to the disparity in the uplink transmit powers between public safety
handsets (i.e. up to 3Watts) and commercial mobile user equipment (i.e. less than 200 milliwatts)
Fast DAS does not recommend mixing the amplification of public safety and commercial uplink
signals. Current neutral hosting does not provide adequate signal filtration and conditioning to
sufficiently attenuate adjacent channel, spurious, and out of band emissions from causing
harmful interference to commercial carrier operators who deal much lower powers.
In addition to IFC compliance, DAS is very useful in providing wireless coverage in
health care facilities. Public health experts have explained that, because hospitals are some of the
worst environments for RF coverage and interference (due to lead-lined rooms, tile walls, the
21
See International Code Adoptions ICC, http://www.iccsafe.org/international-code-adoptions/.
22
See International Fire Code, §510 (2012).
11. -8-
prevalence of fluids and metal, as well as RF medical devices) providing reliable in-building
radio coverage is a very serious concern.23
These experts have found that, for the reasons stated above concerning DAS’ building
coverage capabilities, DASs “are proving very effective at meeting the need for multi-carrier,
multi-frequency coverage in the hospital environment.”24
A well-designed standards compliant neutral host DAS can serve multiple commercial
wireless carriers in public health and safety institutions efficiently and economically. Many
experts agree that DAS is an effective solution to meet the required in-building coverage
standards and new building codes adopted in jurisdictions throughout the country.25
As illustrated by these examples, modern public health and safety venues require rapid
and reliable wireless coverage. The Commission’s rules should be formulated to ensure that the
communications needs of these entities are served.
V. RULE 1.40001 SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO FURTHER FACILITATE
INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING THAT SUPPORTS WIRELESS BROADBAND
Section 1.40001 of the Commission’s Rules was implemented for the purpose of
removing barriers to wireless infrastructure deployment by, among other things, “facilitat[ing]
the zoning processes for collocations and other modifications to existing towers and base
stations.”26
Section 1.40001 helps facilitate infrastructure sharing by requiring state and local
governments to expedite the processing of “eligible facilities requests” (i.e., request for
modification - including collocation of equipment - of an existing tower or base station that does
23
See “Distributed Antenna Systems for Healthcare,” IT Horizons,
http://www.integrasystems.org/whitepapers/32-38_Behind%20the%20Technology_Hoglund.pdf.
24
Id.
25
See http://blog.dasworldwide.com/meet-building-code-with-nfpa-mandates.
26
Infrastructure Order at ¶142.
12. -9-
not substantially change the physical dimensions of same).27
Fast DAS supports the
Commission’s efforts in successfully undertaking the exacting and grueling Wireless
Infrastructure rulemaking proceeding that resulted in the implementation of Section 1.40001.
While Section 1.40001 has certainly helped in the proliferation of wireless broadband,
some problems remain concerning various types of wireless infrastructure sharing. These issues,
discussed below, have unnecessarily hindered wireless competition. Fast DAS’s suggested rule
modifications, which have also been proposed by Commissioner Pai,28
would go a long way
toward fixing the current infrastructure sharing obstructions.
a. The FCC Should Modify Subsection 1.40001(c)(4) to Provide that
Construction May Begin Immediately After the Shot Clock Expires
Subsection 1.40001(c)(4) states that if a state or local government does not act on an
eligible facilities request within 60 days of submission, it will (unless the review time is tolled
for a legitimate reason) be “deemed granted” (i.e., the 60-day “shot clock”).29
Section
1.40001(c)(5) provides that an applicant and reviewing authority may bring claims related to this
rule to any court of competent jurisdiction.30
The combination of the above-referenced subsections means that a state or local
government can delay an eligible facilities applicant’s construction of its equipment after the
shot clock has expired by simply filing suit in court for any reason. This regulatory scenario has
already resulted in substantial delays in wireless broadband implementation in many areas in the
U.S.
27
See 47 C.F.R. §§1.4001(a)-(c).
28
See Remarks of FCC Commissioner Ajit Pai at the CTIA Wireless Foundation Smart Cities
Expo (Nov. 2, 2016) (“Remarks of Commissioner Pai”) at 2,
http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2016/db1102/DOC-342032A1.pdf.
29
See 47 C.F.R. § 1.40001(c)(4).
30
See 47 C.F.R. §1.40001(c)(5).
13. -10-
The ongoing saga of Sprint Wireless (“Sprint”) and Mobilitie LLC (“Mobilitie”) is a case
in point. As is well known in the wireless industry, Sprint hired Mobilitie to construct a small
cell (“mini-macro tower”) network around the country. These companies’ efforts have been
stymied for various reasons, not the least of which is the fact that, although numerous eligible
facilities requests have been granted, local government actions have delayed construction of the
small cell network.31
As of September 2016, more than 1,000 construction permits have been
issued to Mobilitie, but only about 100 small cell sites have been built.32
Among the difficulties
that Sprint and Mobilitie are experiencing is that “municipalities have to decide whether to
legally oppose Mobilitie and/or Sprint or acquiesce [to letting them construct the small cells].”33
Fast DAS suggests that, in order to avoid substantial delays in the implementation of
wireless broadband as illustrated by the Sprint-Mobilitie situation, the Commission should
modify Subsection 1.40001(c)(4) to state that, notwithstanding the remedies provision, as soon
as an eligible facility has been deemed granted, the applicant may commence building and
providing service.
The importance of expediting wireless infrastructure sharing cannot be overstated. As
discussed above, the sharing of utilities by collocating wireless infrastructure enables multiple
carriers to densify their coverage economically, while reducing the need for multiple layers of
small cell infrastructure, thus increasing bandwidth, improving performance, and expediting the
time to market for wireless broadband. Modifying Subsection 1.40001(c)(1) as suggested will
help prevent unnecessary wireless broadband implementation.
31
See “Sprint’s Small Cell Delays May be Worse than the Industry Thinks,” Wireless Estimator,
September 6, 2016 (“Small Cell Delays”) at 1-3.
32
Id.
33
Id.
14. -11-
b. Section 1.40001 Should Provide for Complete Transparency in State and Local
Governments’ Eligible Facilities Application Review Proceedings
In his remarks before the Smart Cities Expo, Commissioner Pai correctly explained that
“where local governments are not transparent about their application processes, the FCC should
should require some sunlight. These processes need to be public and streamlined.”34
The need for the Commission to codify transparency in local government siting
application proceedings is well illustrated by Sprint-Mobility small cell build-out delays. As a
respected trade journal has reported, public information concerning eligible facilities request
proceedings is very hard to come by. The journal requested permitting information from eight
large municipalities as to the status of Mobilitie’s permitting proceedings; the information
provided by the municipalities was spotty at best.35
This lack of local government transparency has led many in the industry to guess and
speculate as why Mobilitie’s build-out has experienced severe delays.36
This kind of regulatory
uncertainty can, in addition to delaying equipment build-out, cause mobile service providers to
question whether and where they should expend their resources.
Insertion of a municipality standards adoption and application review transparency
provision in Section 1.40001would go a long way toward creating a sense of certainty among
wireless providers. Moreover, it would speed up the permitting process, as public awareness of
the applications process would encourage the municipalities to ensure that eligible facilities
34
Remarks of Commissioner Pai at 2.
35
See Small Cell Delays at 2.
36
Id. at 3.
15. -12-
requests are decided by unbiased officials and that resources are properly expended toward
reviewing and granting permits in the public interest.37
VI. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROMOTE
ENTREPRENUERS’ ACCESS TO CAPITAL
This section does not directly concern rule modification, but as it pertains to wireless
broadband implementation vis-à-vis Commissioner Pai’s Digital Empowerment Agenda, Fast
DAS will briefly express its concurrence that the federal government should seek to promote
entrepreneurs’ access to capital.
Commissioner Pai acknowledged that wireless broadband startups often face daunting
barriers to entry and financial obstacles in getting their businesses up and running, and that “a
kickstarter for all entrepreneurs” is needed.38
Commissioner Pai mentioned some very
constructive investment possibilities such as incubators, crowdfunding and related proposals,
including a research and development tax credit and long-term capital gains exemptions.39
Fast DAS supports these forward-thinking suggestions. Fast DAS also submits that the
Commission should consider additional financial incentives and incubation methods to foster
further growth and entrepreneurial investment in this sector. Telecom infrastructure requires
managed services because, the infrastructure requires utilities (power and backhaul), frequent
configurations modifications and coordination among competing stakeholders, as well as day to
day monitoring, maintenance, and administration.
37
While it is beyond the scope of these comments, procedural due process is at issue when local
governments hold secret hearings. It is entirely possible that, if examined closely, at least some
of closed governmental proceedings could be considered unlawful.
38
See Remarks of FCC Commissioner Pai, "A Digital Empowerment Agenda," Cincinnati, OH
(Sept. 13, 2016).
39
Id.
16. -13-
As discussed herein, DAS and related neutral host technologies are critical components
of wireless broadband proliferation and public health and safety radio communications. Hence,
the federal government should consider partnering with private sector companies already set up
to scale the RF engineering organization necessary to effectively and efficiently help bring and
manage this shared infrastructure to market, and to also to help fund and administer these critical
neutral host systems where infrastructure ownership partnership is possible
Fast DAS also concurs with Commissioner Pai’s idea for a Broadband Deployment
Advisory Committee.40 Fast DAS also suggests that such a committee include an engineering
organization capable to coordinate day to day business with carriers, implement configuration
changes, monitor, maintain, and administer the infrastructure and utilities. This would be the
most effective means of efficiently organizing competing interests in the wireless broadband
industry in an orderly fashion.
VII. CONCLUSION
For all the foregoing reasons, and based on the Commission’s stated policy of
encouraging wireless broadband implementation, Fast DAS urges the Commission to modify
Section 1.40001 consistent with Fast DAS’s recommendations above, and to consider the
financial and organizational proposals, which would also further the Commission’s wireless
broadband policy.
40
See Remarks of Commissioner Pai at 2.
17. -14-
Respectfully submitted,
Fast DAS, LLC
By: ________________________
Ronald E. Quirk Jr.
Marashlian & Donahue, PLLC
1420 Spring Hill Road, Suite 401
Tysons, VA 22102
(703) 714-1305
Its Attorney
December 5, 2016