The document summarizes a study that investigated whether emotional closeness to the target of an upward physical appearance comparison moderates the effectiveness of self-help strategies for reducing body dissatisfaction. Sixty-three female undergraduate students recalled a recent upward appearance comparison and were guided through one of three self-help strategies: cultivating compassion, favorable social comparison, or distraction. Results showed that emotional closeness to the comparison target did not impact the effectiveness of the interventions on subsequent measures of body image and affect. The study contributes to understanding how social relationships influence responses to strategies for managing body dissatisfaction.
Social Work Interventions with Families in Bereavement...Dr.Sandeep Kdyutirajagiri
The document summarizes social work interventions that can help families cope with bereavement. It defines bereavement as the thoughts, feelings, and actions following the death of a loved one. Theories around grief and bereavement from Freud, Parkes, and Kubler-Ross are discussed. A study on bereavement and coping among spouses in India is also summarized. The document concludes by outlining social work interventions like visiting and listening to the bereaved, providing meals, helping with tasks, and identifying others to support the family's esteem during their time of grief.
Asch conducted a classic conformity study where participants made judgments about the length of lines in unambiguous situations. In a control study, less than 1% of people made errors alone, showing the task was unambiguous. In the main study, 32% of participants conformed to the unanimous wrong answers of confederates at least once, showing the strong tendency to conform even when wrong. Variations found conformity reduced with smaller majorities and dissenters. The results suggest people strongly conform to group pressures, even when wrong.
Social change can occur when a society adopts new ways of thinking or acting. Research on social influence identifies consistency, gradual commitment, and having allies as ways to achieve social change. Minority influence research found that consistent minorities were more likely to influence majorities. Conformity research found that having dissenting allies reduced conformity rates. Obedience research found that having disobeying allies and using gradual commitment made people more likely to disobey orders. However, this research lacked ecological validity since it occurred in artificial laboratory settings.
The document discusses conformity and its role in anti-social behavior. It defines conformity as a change in behavior or attitudes due to real or imagined group pressure or norms. There are three types of conformity: compliance, identification, and internalization. It also summarizes three classic experiments on conformity conducted by Stanley Milgram, Solomon Asch, and Muzafer Sherif. Students are assigned to one of the experiments and must present on what the experiment involved, its conclusions, and how it could explain anti-social behavior.
Emotional burnout of the most important psychosocial phenomena which has roots Grounded in social
relations—reactions in social interactions—especially in
the work environment, and it goes beyond mental health
by focusing on specific stressors in the workplace to
emphasize total life and environmental pressures affecting
health. This article examines and reveals the levels of
Emotional Burnout among working wives, and how this
relates to the demographic dimension. For this purpose,
the general social surveying method was used to collect
data. T
The document summarizes a study that investigated whether emotional closeness to the target of an upward physical appearance comparison moderates the effectiveness of self-help strategies for reducing body dissatisfaction. Sixty-three female undergraduate students recalled a recent upward appearance comparison and were guided through one of three self-help strategies: cultivating compassion, favorable social comparison, or distraction. Results showed that emotional closeness to the comparison target did not impact the effectiveness of the interventions on subsequent measures of body image and affect. The study contributes to understanding how social relationships influence responses to strategies for managing body dissatisfaction.
Social Work Interventions with Families in Bereavement...Dr.Sandeep Kdyutirajagiri
The document summarizes social work interventions that can help families cope with bereavement. It defines bereavement as the thoughts, feelings, and actions following the death of a loved one. Theories around grief and bereavement from Freud, Parkes, and Kubler-Ross are discussed. A study on bereavement and coping among spouses in India is also summarized. The document concludes by outlining social work interventions like visiting and listening to the bereaved, providing meals, helping with tasks, and identifying others to support the family's esteem during their time of grief.
Asch conducted a classic conformity study where participants made judgments about the length of lines in unambiguous situations. In a control study, less than 1% of people made errors alone, showing the task was unambiguous. In the main study, 32% of participants conformed to the unanimous wrong answers of confederates at least once, showing the strong tendency to conform even when wrong. Variations found conformity reduced with smaller majorities and dissenters. The results suggest people strongly conform to group pressures, even when wrong.
Social change can occur when a society adopts new ways of thinking or acting. Research on social influence identifies consistency, gradual commitment, and having allies as ways to achieve social change. Minority influence research found that consistent minorities were more likely to influence majorities. Conformity research found that having dissenting allies reduced conformity rates. Obedience research found that having disobeying allies and using gradual commitment made people more likely to disobey orders. However, this research lacked ecological validity since it occurred in artificial laboratory settings.
The document discusses conformity and its role in anti-social behavior. It defines conformity as a change in behavior or attitudes due to real or imagined group pressure or norms. There are three types of conformity: compliance, identification, and internalization. It also summarizes three classic experiments on conformity conducted by Stanley Milgram, Solomon Asch, and Muzafer Sherif. Students are assigned to one of the experiments and must present on what the experiment involved, its conclusions, and how it could explain anti-social behavior.
Emotional burnout of the most important psychosocial phenomena which has roots Grounded in social
relations—reactions in social interactions—especially in
the work environment, and it goes beyond mental health
by focusing on specific stressors in the workplace to
emphasize total life and environmental pressures affecting
health. This article examines and reveals the levels of
Emotional Burnout among working wives, and how this
relates to the demographic dimension. For this purpose,
the general social surveying method was used to collect
data. T
RESEARCH REPORTWhen Do Bad Apples Not Spoil the Barrel Ne.docxdebishakespeare
RESEARCH REPORT
When Do Bad Apples Not Spoil the Barrel? Negative Relationships in
Teams, Team Performance, and Buffering Mechanisms
Jeroen P. de Jong
Open University of the Netherlands
Petru L. Curşeu and Roger Th. A. J. Leenders
Tilburg University
The study of negative relationships in teams has primarily focused on the impact of negative
relationships on individual team member attitudes and performance in teams. The mechanisms and
contingencies that can buffer against the damaging effects of negative relationships on team
performance have received limited attention. Building on social interdependence theory and the
multilevel model of team motivation, we examine in a sample of 73 work teams the team-level
attributes that foster the promotive social interaction that can neutralize the adverse effect of
negative relationships on team cohesion and, consequently, on team performance. The results
indicate that high levels of team–member exchange as well as high task-interdependence attenuate
how team cohesion and team performance suffer from negative relationships. Implications for
research and practice are discussed.
Keywords: negative relationships, team cohesion, team performance, social interdependence theory,
motivation, multilevel
Negative relationships and their associated behaviors have been
suggested to harm a team from the inside (e.g., Duffy & Lee, 2012;
Lam, Van der Vegt, Walter, & Huang, 2011), as they reflect
negative attitudes, judgments, and behavioral intentions held by
team members toward their fellow teammates (Labianca & Brass,
2006), and they are often associated with emotional distress,
withdrawal, and anger (Xia, Yuan, & Gay, 2009). To date, re-
search on negative relations in teams has largely built on negativity
bias theory (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, & Vohs, 2001)
and affective events theory (Weiss & Cropanzano, 1996)—in
particular, negative affective tone (Cole, Walter, & Bruch,
2008)—focusing on the potentially damaging effects of negative
relationships on work-related outcomes (e.g., Brass, Galaskiewics,
Greve, & Tsai, 2004; Felps, Mitchell, & Byington, 2006; Labianca
& Brass, 2006).
In this article, we draw on insights from social interdepen-
dence theory (SIT; Deutsch, 1949; D. W. Johnson, 2003; D. W.
Johnson & Johnson, 2005a) to argue that there are structural
and social team-level attributes that buffer against the detri-
ments of interpersonal negative relationships in teams. Central
to SIT is the idea that collaborative (generally termed promo-
tive) interaction among team members is likely to enhance joint
goal achievement and that obstructive (generally termed con-
trient) interaction will allow some members to reach individual
goals at the expense of others, while simultaneously damaging
overall team-level performance. An attractive feature of SIT is
that it explicitly addresses positive and negative interaction in
groups (which few theories explicitly do), is very well-tested,
and provid ...
The document discusses three articles that examine workplace bullying from different perspectives. All three articles define bullying and measure it using self-report questionnaires or assessments of negative acts. The articles focus on similar topics like predictors of bullying behavior and the role of traits like anger and anxiety. However, they differ in their sample populations, which include Norwegian workers, employees in various positions, and students. The limitations of self-report methods are also compared. Overall, the articles provide complementary perspectives on understanding and addressing bullying in employment and educational settings.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes a study examining how organizational identification impacts employees who experience abusive supervision. The study hypothesizes that employees who strongly identify with their organization will feel more cohesion with their work group and be less likely to gossip about their abusive supervisor. Abusive supervision has been shown to negatively impact employee well-being, attitudes, and behaviors. However, organizational identification may buffer some of these negative effects by increasing perceived cohesion among coworkers and decreasing retaliatory behaviors like gossip. The study aims to provide insight into why employees do not always react negatively towards abusive leaders.
This document examines the effects of job-related stress on law enforcement personnel. It discusses the physical, emotional, psychological, and social problems officers may experience due to stressors like violence, death, and trauma on the job. Job stress can cause health issues, absenteeism, burnout, and even PTSD. While women tend to experience more anxiety and depression from trauma, men are more likely to abuse alcohol. Social support from family, counseling, and exercise can help reduce stress. An officer's well-being is critical to their ability to perform their duties and support community health.
Effects of Occupational Stress on Employees: Gender Reaction and Coping Techn...DenisseDiaz30
This document summarizes a study that examined gender differences in occupational stress and coping strategies. The study surveyed 114 employees (68 females and 46 males) and measured physical and psychological symptoms of stress, as well as coping strategy use. The results found no significant differences between males and females in reported physical or psychological symptoms of stress. However, differences were found in coping strategies used, with females more likely to use a combination of problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies, while males preferred problem-focused strategies alone. The study contributes to research on gender differences in occupational stress and coping, but further examination is needed on coping effectiveness.
Professional Emotion or Legitimate Differences__Research PaperMatthew MacKay
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the relationship between emotions and gender roles in the workplace. It provides background on previous research examining emotions and gender separately in organizational settings. The study aims to combine these areas to analyze whether emotions are affected by gender roles or vice versa. It describes the methodology used, including surveys administered to 30 employees at a natural gas company to measure perceived credibility, organizational emotions, and gender stereotypes. The conclusion discusses implications, such as women being perceived as more competent and men feeling able to express emotions to female bosses.
1) Workplace bullying can negatively impact both bullies and victims. It is characterized as unfair, oppressive, humiliating behavior that may also cause physical harm. The work environment and stress levels of employees can influence who becomes a bully or victim.
2) Organizational support is important - employees who feel unsupported are more likely to leave an organization due to bullying. Social identity theory also explains bullying, as "in-groups" may target "out-groups", especially during times of change or stress.
3) Both men and women can be bullies or victims. However, women may be more likely to report bullying and experience greater health impacts like stress, depression, and sleep issues from prolonged bullying
1. The document explores how social identity processes may play an important role in cognitive appraisal of stress. A survey was administered to 163 students measuring personality, coping strategies, social support, and gender. Students rated scenarios as more stressful if they were student-specific versus general.
2. Females and those reporting higher levels of emotion-focused coping rated scenarios as more stressful, regardless of whether the scenarios were student-specific or general. No other relationships were found between the predictor variables and ratings of stressfulness.
3. The findings suggest that social identity may not impact cognitive appraisal of stress as expected based on self-categorization theory. Gender and emotion-focused coping were the only significant predictors of perceived
Stress can have both positive and negative effects. Prolonged or excessive stress can negatively impact physical and mental health by increasing risks of depression, burnout, cardiovascular disease, and other illnesses. Workplace stressors include heavy workloads, job insecurity, difficult relationships, lack of work-life balance, and individual factors like personality type and age. Left unaddressed, stress leads to increased absenteeism, job turnover, and workers compensation claims that have large economic costs for organizations.
Running head BALANCING FAMILY AND WORK LIFE .docxjoellemurphey
This document summarizes a research paper about balancing work and family life for academics in Iceland. The paper analyzes how academics organize their time between work and family responsibilities, and whether there are gender differences. The summary found that while flexible work hours help academics balance their responsibilities, women seem to take on more of the unpaid domestic and childcare work. So the flexible work hours remove the ability for women more than men to separate work from home or work reduced hours. This reinforces traditional gender roles and an unequal division of labor at home.
11.gender differences in burnout among hiv aids counselors in north indiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined gender differences in burnout among HIV/AIDS counselors in North India. The study hypothesized that there would be significant differences between males and females on dimensions of burnout. It administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory to 39 counselors (16 male, 23 female). The study found no significant difference between males and females on burnout levels. While some past research found higher burnout in females, other studies found no gender differences or higher depersonalization in males when controlling for occupational role differences.
Gender differences in burnout among hiv aids counselors in north indiaAlexander Decker
1) The document examines gender differences in burnout among HIV/AIDS counselors in North India.
2) It summarizes previous research on burnout among healthcare workers treating HIV/AIDS patients and defines burnout as having three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.
3) The study found no significant differences between male and female HIV/AIDS counselors on measures of burnout, contradicting other research suggesting women may be more at risk of burnout.
This study examined the effects of social anxiety and gender on performance on a theory of mind task. The study hypothesized that social anxiety would negatively impact performance, especially for those with instructors of the opposite gender. A test was given to 48 college students, with half receiving an anxiety manipulation. Results found no significant main effects of anxiety or gender match on scores. There was also no significant interaction between anxiety and gender. The hypotheses were not supported, as social anxiety and gender of the instructor did not impact theory of mind task performance.
Gender Role Orientation Work-Family ConflictLisa Torres
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between gender role orientation, work-family conflict, and feelings of guilt. The study surveyed 10 participants about their gender role views and experiences of work interfering with family responsibilities and vice versa. The results showed that women were more likely to have egalitarian views while men held more traditional views. Women reported higher levels of guilt when work interfered with family, while men felt more guilt from family interfering with work. Those with traditional gender role orientations felt more guilt from family interfering with work, while those with egalitarian views felt more guilt from work interfering with family. The study provides insight into how gender role orientation can influence the experience of work-family conflict and feelings of guilt, but had limitations
Dyadic Coping and Attachment Dimensions in Young Adult Romantic RelationshipsAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Dyadic coping conceives coping as a response in which partners support each other
and cope with stress as a couple rather than individuals, but little is known of the factors that lead to
dyadic coping. The present study aims to explore the relationship between dyadic coping and adult
attachment. That is, to examine whether an individual’s attachment style is a predictor of their own
dyadic coping style and their partner’s dyadic coping style. Online, survey data was collected from 74
childless couples, between the ages of 18 and 31, who had been in their relationships for over 6
months. Overall, analysis showed stronger associations between dyadic coping and attachment for
females, with minimal associations for males. The results of the present study are supportive of the
existing literature, though provide opportunities for further research.
KEYWORDS: dyadic coping, coping, attachment, romantic relationships, APIM
Paper titled- Reservation policy and its impact on alienation and WFC, An emp...Suparna Jain
This study examines the impact of India's reservation policy on alienation and work-family conflict among male and female managers in public sector organizations. It assesses levels of work alienation and work-family conflict for employees from general and reserved categories using standardized questionnaires and interviews. The study hypothesizes there will be significant differences in experienced work alienation and its dimensions (powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, instrumental work orientation, self-evaluative involvement) between the four employee groups based on gender and reservation status.
An Analysis of Work Stress among College Teachers in Selffinancing College, P...IOSR Journals
Stress at the workplace is the major cause of most of the health problems. The study focus on an
Analysis of Work Stress among College Teachers in Self-financing College, Perambalur District, Tamilnadu.
The data collected from 50 respondents with the objectives of To find opinion about teaching and handling
students, to find out the stress creators, to analysis of sharing stress problems, to find out techniques applied by
the College teachers for managing stress
This document provides a summary and response to an article titled "Gender Differences in Intimacy, Emotional Expressivity and Relationship Satisfaction." The summary discusses key findings from the article, including that women reported higher levels of supportiveness and negative emotional expressivity, while men reported higher levels of nonverbal and verbal affection and intimacy in relationships. However, men reported lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The response paper analyzes the article's methodology and conclusions, noting some limitations but finding the theoretical framework and arguments to be logically sound.
Changing Work and Work-Family Conflict: Evidence from the Work, Family, and H...Bianca Weiler
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the effects of a workplace intervention called STAR, which aimed to increase employees' schedule control and supervisor support for family/personal life at an IT division of a large company. The study utilizes a group-randomized trial where some work units received the STAR intervention while others continued as usual. The intervention involved training supervisors to support employees' personal lives and prompting employees to reconsider their work schedules. The study assesses the intervention's impact on schedule control, supervisor support, work-family conflict, and related outcomes. It represents a rigorous test of whether deliberately changing organizational practices and social structures can improve work resources and reduce work-family interference.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
RESEARCH REPORTWhen Do Bad Apples Not Spoil the Barrel Ne.docxdebishakespeare
RESEARCH REPORT
When Do Bad Apples Not Spoil the Barrel? Negative Relationships in
Teams, Team Performance, and Buffering Mechanisms
Jeroen P. de Jong
Open University of the Netherlands
Petru L. Curşeu and Roger Th. A. J. Leenders
Tilburg University
The study of negative relationships in teams has primarily focused on the impact of negative
relationships on individual team member attitudes and performance in teams. The mechanisms and
contingencies that can buffer against the damaging effects of negative relationships on team
performance have received limited attention. Building on social interdependence theory and the
multilevel model of team motivation, we examine in a sample of 73 work teams the team-level
attributes that foster the promotive social interaction that can neutralize the adverse effect of
negative relationships on team cohesion and, consequently, on team performance. The results
indicate that high levels of team–member exchange as well as high task-interdependence attenuate
how team cohesion and team performance suffer from negative relationships. Implications for
research and practice are discussed.
Keywords: negative relationships, team cohesion, team performance, social interdependence theory,
motivation, multilevel
Negative relationships and their associated behaviors have been
suggested to harm a team from the inside (e.g., Duffy & Lee, 2012;
Lam, Van der Vegt, Walter, & Huang, 2011), as they reflect
negative attitudes, judgments, and behavioral intentions held by
team members toward their fellow teammates (Labianca & Brass,
2006), and they are often associated with emotional distress,
withdrawal, and anger (Xia, Yuan, & Gay, 2009). To date, re-
search on negative relations in teams has largely built on negativity
bias theory (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, & Vohs, 2001)
and affective events theory (Weiss & Cropanzano, 1996)—in
particular, negative affective tone (Cole, Walter, & Bruch,
2008)—focusing on the potentially damaging effects of negative
relationships on work-related outcomes (e.g., Brass, Galaskiewics,
Greve, & Tsai, 2004; Felps, Mitchell, & Byington, 2006; Labianca
& Brass, 2006).
In this article, we draw on insights from social interdepen-
dence theory (SIT; Deutsch, 1949; D. W. Johnson, 2003; D. W.
Johnson & Johnson, 2005a) to argue that there are structural
and social team-level attributes that buffer against the detri-
ments of interpersonal negative relationships in teams. Central
to SIT is the idea that collaborative (generally termed promo-
tive) interaction among team members is likely to enhance joint
goal achievement and that obstructive (generally termed con-
trient) interaction will allow some members to reach individual
goals at the expense of others, while simultaneously damaging
overall team-level performance. An attractive feature of SIT is
that it explicitly addresses positive and negative interaction in
groups (which few theories explicitly do), is very well-tested,
and provid ...
The document discusses three articles that examine workplace bullying from different perspectives. All three articles define bullying and measure it using self-report questionnaires or assessments of negative acts. The articles focus on similar topics like predictors of bullying behavior and the role of traits like anger and anxiety. However, they differ in their sample populations, which include Norwegian workers, employees in various positions, and students. The limitations of self-report methods are also compared. Overall, the articles provide complementary perspectives on understanding and addressing bullying in employment and educational settings.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes a study examining how organizational identification impacts employees who experience abusive supervision. The study hypothesizes that employees who strongly identify with their organization will feel more cohesion with their work group and be less likely to gossip about their abusive supervisor. Abusive supervision has been shown to negatively impact employee well-being, attitudes, and behaviors. However, organizational identification may buffer some of these negative effects by increasing perceived cohesion among coworkers and decreasing retaliatory behaviors like gossip. The study aims to provide insight into why employees do not always react negatively towards abusive leaders.
This document examines the effects of job-related stress on law enforcement personnel. It discusses the physical, emotional, psychological, and social problems officers may experience due to stressors like violence, death, and trauma on the job. Job stress can cause health issues, absenteeism, burnout, and even PTSD. While women tend to experience more anxiety and depression from trauma, men are more likely to abuse alcohol. Social support from family, counseling, and exercise can help reduce stress. An officer's well-being is critical to their ability to perform their duties and support community health.
Effects of Occupational Stress on Employees: Gender Reaction and Coping Techn...DenisseDiaz30
This document summarizes a study that examined gender differences in occupational stress and coping strategies. The study surveyed 114 employees (68 females and 46 males) and measured physical and psychological symptoms of stress, as well as coping strategy use. The results found no significant differences between males and females in reported physical or psychological symptoms of stress. However, differences were found in coping strategies used, with females more likely to use a combination of problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies, while males preferred problem-focused strategies alone. The study contributes to research on gender differences in occupational stress and coping, but further examination is needed on coping effectiveness.
Professional Emotion or Legitimate Differences__Research PaperMatthew MacKay
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the relationship between emotions and gender roles in the workplace. It provides background on previous research examining emotions and gender separately in organizational settings. The study aims to combine these areas to analyze whether emotions are affected by gender roles or vice versa. It describes the methodology used, including surveys administered to 30 employees at a natural gas company to measure perceived credibility, organizational emotions, and gender stereotypes. The conclusion discusses implications, such as women being perceived as more competent and men feeling able to express emotions to female bosses.
1) Workplace bullying can negatively impact both bullies and victims. It is characterized as unfair, oppressive, humiliating behavior that may also cause physical harm. The work environment and stress levels of employees can influence who becomes a bully or victim.
2) Organizational support is important - employees who feel unsupported are more likely to leave an organization due to bullying. Social identity theory also explains bullying, as "in-groups" may target "out-groups", especially during times of change or stress.
3) Both men and women can be bullies or victims. However, women may be more likely to report bullying and experience greater health impacts like stress, depression, and sleep issues from prolonged bullying
1. The document explores how social identity processes may play an important role in cognitive appraisal of stress. A survey was administered to 163 students measuring personality, coping strategies, social support, and gender. Students rated scenarios as more stressful if they were student-specific versus general.
2. Females and those reporting higher levels of emotion-focused coping rated scenarios as more stressful, regardless of whether the scenarios were student-specific or general. No other relationships were found between the predictor variables and ratings of stressfulness.
3. The findings suggest that social identity may not impact cognitive appraisal of stress as expected based on self-categorization theory. Gender and emotion-focused coping were the only significant predictors of perceived
Stress can have both positive and negative effects. Prolonged or excessive stress can negatively impact physical and mental health by increasing risks of depression, burnout, cardiovascular disease, and other illnesses. Workplace stressors include heavy workloads, job insecurity, difficult relationships, lack of work-life balance, and individual factors like personality type and age. Left unaddressed, stress leads to increased absenteeism, job turnover, and workers compensation claims that have large economic costs for organizations.
Running head BALANCING FAMILY AND WORK LIFE .docxjoellemurphey
This document summarizes a research paper about balancing work and family life for academics in Iceland. The paper analyzes how academics organize their time between work and family responsibilities, and whether there are gender differences. The summary found that while flexible work hours help academics balance their responsibilities, women seem to take on more of the unpaid domestic and childcare work. So the flexible work hours remove the ability for women more than men to separate work from home or work reduced hours. This reinforces traditional gender roles and an unequal division of labor at home.
11.gender differences in burnout among hiv aids counselors in north indiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined gender differences in burnout among HIV/AIDS counselors in North India. The study hypothesized that there would be significant differences between males and females on dimensions of burnout. It administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory to 39 counselors (16 male, 23 female). The study found no significant difference between males and females on burnout levels. While some past research found higher burnout in females, other studies found no gender differences or higher depersonalization in males when controlling for occupational role differences.
Gender differences in burnout among hiv aids counselors in north indiaAlexander Decker
1) The document examines gender differences in burnout among HIV/AIDS counselors in North India.
2) It summarizes previous research on burnout among healthcare workers treating HIV/AIDS patients and defines burnout as having three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.
3) The study found no significant differences between male and female HIV/AIDS counselors on measures of burnout, contradicting other research suggesting women may be more at risk of burnout.
This study examined the effects of social anxiety and gender on performance on a theory of mind task. The study hypothesized that social anxiety would negatively impact performance, especially for those with instructors of the opposite gender. A test was given to 48 college students, with half receiving an anxiety manipulation. Results found no significant main effects of anxiety or gender match on scores. There was also no significant interaction between anxiety and gender. The hypotheses were not supported, as social anxiety and gender of the instructor did not impact theory of mind task performance.
Gender Role Orientation Work-Family ConflictLisa Torres
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between gender role orientation, work-family conflict, and feelings of guilt. The study surveyed 10 participants about their gender role views and experiences of work interfering with family responsibilities and vice versa. The results showed that women were more likely to have egalitarian views while men held more traditional views. Women reported higher levels of guilt when work interfered with family, while men felt more guilt from family interfering with work. Those with traditional gender role orientations felt more guilt from family interfering with work, while those with egalitarian views felt more guilt from work interfering with family. The study provides insight into how gender role orientation can influence the experience of work-family conflict and feelings of guilt, but had limitations
Dyadic Coping and Attachment Dimensions in Young Adult Romantic RelationshipsAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Dyadic coping conceives coping as a response in which partners support each other
and cope with stress as a couple rather than individuals, but little is known of the factors that lead to
dyadic coping. The present study aims to explore the relationship between dyadic coping and adult
attachment. That is, to examine whether an individual’s attachment style is a predictor of their own
dyadic coping style and their partner’s dyadic coping style. Online, survey data was collected from 74
childless couples, between the ages of 18 and 31, who had been in their relationships for over 6
months. Overall, analysis showed stronger associations between dyadic coping and attachment for
females, with minimal associations for males. The results of the present study are supportive of the
existing literature, though provide opportunities for further research.
KEYWORDS: dyadic coping, coping, attachment, romantic relationships, APIM
Paper titled- Reservation policy and its impact on alienation and WFC, An emp...Suparna Jain
This study examines the impact of India's reservation policy on alienation and work-family conflict among male and female managers in public sector organizations. It assesses levels of work alienation and work-family conflict for employees from general and reserved categories using standardized questionnaires and interviews. The study hypothesizes there will be significant differences in experienced work alienation and its dimensions (powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, instrumental work orientation, self-evaluative involvement) between the four employee groups based on gender and reservation status.
An Analysis of Work Stress among College Teachers in Selffinancing College, P...IOSR Journals
Stress at the workplace is the major cause of most of the health problems. The study focus on an
Analysis of Work Stress among College Teachers in Self-financing College, Perambalur District, Tamilnadu.
The data collected from 50 respondents with the objectives of To find opinion about teaching and handling
students, to find out the stress creators, to analysis of sharing stress problems, to find out techniques applied by
the College teachers for managing stress
This document provides a summary and response to an article titled "Gender Differences in Intimacy, Emotional Expressivity and Relationship Satisfaction." The summary discusses key findings from the article, including that women reported higher levels of supportiveness and negative emotional expressivity, while men reported higher levels of nonverbal and verbal affection and intimacy in relationships. However, men reported lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The response paper analyzes the article's methodology and conclusions, noting some limitations but finding the theoretical framework and arguments to be logically sound.
Changing Work and Work-Family Conflict: Evidence from the Work, Family, and H...Bianca Weiler
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the effects of a workplace intervention called STAR, which aimed to increase employees' schedule control and supervisor support for family/personal life at an IT division of a large company. The study utilizes a group-randomized trial where some work units received the STAR intervention while others continued as usual. The intervention involved training supervisors to support employees' personal lives and prompting employees to reconsider their work schedules. The study assesses the intervention's impact on schedule control, supervisor support, work-family conflict, and related outcomes. It represents a rigorous test of whether deliberately changing organizational practices and social structures can improve work resources and reduce work-family interference.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. Purpose of Study
This study was conducted on the phenomenon of family responsibility
discrimination (FRD) and its negative effects on workers of both
genders:
– denied equal treatment and various job opportunities,
– emotional exhaustion.
– work-life conflict.
This research is important because toxic job environment where FRD
takes place reduces workers’ productivity, causes stress, emotional
exhaustion, work-life conflict and lowers worker achievement.
Employers can leverage this knowledge about FRD and improve the
workplace environment. Research helps understand the problem of
FRD in order to ultimately resolve it.
3. Theoretical Background
Conservation of Resources Theory, which argued that
“resources that are valued and not provided in the work context
deplete emotional energies and ultimately trigger work–life
conflict.” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
– limited opportunities, created stress
– disgruntled, unmotivated and unproductive employees.
Social Role Theory, which hinted that since women still appear
to dedicate more time to family in addition to work, they may be
more affected by FRD than men (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
4. Hypotheses
Based on this model the following hypotheses were proposed: (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4):
1a. “Perceived family responsibility discrimination will be positively related to emotional exhaustion”
(Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
1b. “Perceived family responsibility discrimination will be positively related to work–life conflict” (Trzebiatowski&
Triana, 4).
2a. “The positive relationship between family responsibility discrimination and emotional exhaustion will be
stronger for women than for men” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
2b. “The positive relationship between family responsibility discrimination and work–life conflict will be stronger for
women than for men”. (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
3. “The effect of perceived family responsibility discrimination on emotional exhaustion (H3a) as well as work–life
conflict (H3b) will be stronger for women, regardless of power distance, and for men who score high on power
distance compared to men who score low on power distance” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
4. “Perceived family responsibility discrimination relates indirectly to work–life conflict through emotional
exhaustion. The direct effect as well as the indirect effect of family responsibility discrimination on work–life conflict
will be moderated by both gender and power distance such that women (regardless of power distance) and men
who are high in power distance experience more emotional exhaustion, and subsequently, work–life conflict
compared to men who are low in power distance. ” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
5. Study variables
Independent variables (variables that may
change independently of others):
– Perceived discrimination in the workplace,
i.e. FRD (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 6).
Dependent variables (variable that change
when independent variable change):
– Work-life conflict (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 6).
– Emotional exhaustion (Trzebiatowski&
Triana, 6).
Moderating variables (variable that affect the
change of dependent variables):
– Gender
– Power Distance (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 6).
7. Reference
Trzebiatowski, T., Triana, M. (2018). Family Responsibility
Discrimination, Power Distance, and Emotional Exhaustion:
When and Why are There Gender Differences in Work–Life
Conflict?, Journal of Business Ethics, 14 august.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4000-5
Editor's Notes
This study was conducted on the phenomenon of family responsibility discrimination (FRD) and its negative effects on workers:
both genders
denied equal treatment and various opportunities,
emotional exhaustion
work-life conflict.
This research is important because toxic working environments where FRD takes place reduces workers productivity, causes stress and lower worker achievement. Also employees need to effectively balance family life and work.
Employers can leverage this knowledge to FRD and improve the workplace environment. One should understand the problem in order to make it publicly known and ultimately resolve it.
Conservation of Resources Theory, which argued that “resources that are valued and not provided in the work context deplete emotional energies and ultimately trigger work–life conflict.” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
Quoted many other theories that showed how discrimination and specifically FRD
limited opportunities, created stress
disgruntled, unmotivated and unproductive employees.
Social Role theory, which hinted that since women still appear to dedicate more time to family in addition to work, they may be more affected by FRD than men (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
Based on this model the following hypotheses were proposed: (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4):
1a. “Perceived family responsibility discrimination will be positively related to emotional exhaustion” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
1b. “Perceived family responsibility discrimination will be positively related to work–life conflict” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
2a. “The positive relationship between family responsibility discrimination and emotional exhaustion will be stronger for women than for men” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
2b. “The positive relationship between family responsibility discrimination and work–life conflict will be stronger for women than for men”. (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
3. The effect of perceived family responsibility discrimination on emotional exhaustion (H3a) as well as work–life conflict (H3b) will be stronger for women, regardless of power distance, and for men who score high on power distance compared to men who score low on power distance.
4. “Perceived family responsibility discrimination relates indirectly to work–life conflict through emotional exhaustion. The direct effect as well as the indirect effect of family responsibility discrimination on work–life conflict will be moderated by both gender and power distance such that women (regardless of power distance) and men who are high in power distance experience more emotional exhaustion, and subsequently, work–life conflict compared to men who are low in power distance. ” (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 4).
Independent variables:
Perceived discrimination in the workplace, i.e. FRD (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 6).
Dependent variables:
Work-life conflict, collected via Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 6).
Emotional exhaustion, collected via Work Interference With Family Scale (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 6).
Moderating variables:
Gender
Power Distance, collected via Maznevski and DiStefano’s (1995) scale (Trzebiatowski& Triana, 6).