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Family_Planning_Methods_MBBS_Exam_Oriented_CBME.pptx
Family Planning Methods for MBBS as per the CBME Syllabus
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Family_Planning_Methods_MBBS_Exam_Oriented_CBME.pptx
- 1. Family Planning Methods MBBSPhase 3 Part 1 – Community Medicine Exam-oriented | CBME aligned | Ready-to-teach
- 2. CBME / NMCAlignment • Competency addressed: CM5, CM7, CM10 (Reproductive & Child Health) – Describe methods of contraception and indications – Demonstrate ability to counsel individuals and couples – Emphasis on choice, safety, effectiveness and national programs
- 3. Introduction • Family planningenables individuals and couples to decide the number and spacing of children. – It is a core component of Reproductive and Child Health (RCH). – Directly contributes to reduction in maternal and infant mortality.
- 4. Classification of FamilyPlanning Methods • Permanent methods – Male and Female sterilization – Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) – Hormonal methods – oral and injectable – Barrier methods – Natural methods – Emergency contraception
- 5. Female Sterilization (Tubectomy) •Surgical occlusion of fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization. – Common techniques: Pomeroy, Modified Pomeroy, laparoscopic methods. – Usually offered after completion of family. EXAM POINT Failure rate ≈ 0.5%. Advantages: permanent, no hormones. Disadvantages: surgical risk, regre
- 6. Tubectomy – LabelledDiagram UTERUS (SCHEMATIC) Fallopian tube Site of ligation Ovary Uterine cavity
- 7. Male Sterilization (Vasectomy) •Ligation of vas deferens preventing sperm transport. – Simpler, safer and cheaper than female sterilization. – No effect on libido or potency. EXAM POINT Failure rate ≈ 0.15%. Semen analysis required after procedure.
- 8. Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) •Small device placed in uterine cavity. – Types: Copper IUCD (CuT 380A), Hormonal IUCD (LNG-IUS). – Provides long-term reversible contraception.
- 9. IUCD – LabelledDiagram UTERUS (SCHEMATIC) IUCD arms Copper wire Uterine cavity Cervical canal
- 10. Copper IUCD –Mechanism of Action • Copper ions produce spermicidal effect. – Foreign body reaction in endometrium. – Prevents fertilization and implantation. EXAM POINT Failure rate: 0.6–0.8%. Non-contraceptive benefit: emergency contraception
- 11. Hormonal IUCD (LNG-IUS) •Releases levonorgestrel locally inside uterus. – Thickens cervical mucus and suppresses endometrium. – Also used for menorrhagia. EXAM POINT Failure rate ≈ 0.2%. Reduces menstrual blood loss.
- 12. Contraceptive Implants • Subdermalimplants releasing progestin. – Effective for 3–5 years. – Highly effective spacing method.
- 13. Implants – Mechanism •Suppress ovulation. – Thicken cervical mucus. – Alter endometrium. EXAM POINT Failure rate <1%. Common side effect: irregular bleeding.
- 14. Combined Oral ContraceptivePills (COCs) • Contain estrogen and progestin. – Inhibit ovulation and thicken cervical mucus. – Require daily intake. EXAM POINT Failure rate: ~7% (typical use). Non-contraceptive benefits: acne control, cycle regu
- 15. Injectable Contraceptives (DMPA, NET-EN) •Long-acting hormonal injections. – Given every 2–3 months. – Useful for women needing spacing. EXAM POINT Failure rate ≈ 6%. Causes delayed return of fertility.
- 16. Barrier Methods –Condoms • Prevent sperm from entering female genital tract. – Male and female condoms available. – Only method providing STI/HIV protection. EXAM POINT Failure rate: Male condom ~13%, Female condom ~21%.
- 17. Natural Methods • Basedon fertility awareness. – Includes rhythm, basal body temperature and cervical mucus methods. – Requires high motivation. EXAM POINT Failure rate ~24%. No STI protection.
- 18. Emergency Contraception • Usedafter unprotected intercourse. – Levonorgestrel, Ulipristal acetate, Copper IUCD. – Acts mainly by delaying ovulation. EXAM POINT Must be used within recommended time. Does NOT terminate pregnancy.
- 19. Unmet Need forFamily Planning • Women wanting to avoid pregnancy but not using contraception. – Reflects gaps in access, awareness and quality of services.
- 20. Recent Advances inIndia • Introduction of injectable contraceptive (Antara / Sayana Press). – Focus on spacing methods under FP2020. – Digital counseling and logistics strengthening.
- 21. Summary for Exams •Know classification, mechanism, uses and failure rates. – Be able to compare methods. – Emphasize informed choice and counseling.