This document discusses child sexual abuse and its effects on the family unit. It defines child sexual abuse and outlines risk factors such as gender and family structure. The document also examines signs and symptoms of abuse, as well as psychological and emotional effects on victims, caregivers, and siblings. Effective interventions for treating victims and non-offending caregivers are discussed, including trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Steps to enhance practices and policies around preventing child sexual abuse are also presented.
Wekerle CIHR Team - Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from ...Christine Wekerle
Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from Trauma To Resilience - Findings from The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Research Study
Wekerle CIHR Team - Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from ...Christine Wekerle
Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from Trauma To Resilience - Findings from The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Research Study
Supporting Abused and Neglected Children Through Early Care and PolicyHealthy City
Title: Supporting abused and neglected children through early care and policy
This webinar will make the case for supporting abused and neglected children through early care opportunities as well as describe how to use the healthycity.org site to research and identify policy solutions around foster youth and early childhood education issues.
Learning objectives:
1) Strengthen one’s understanding of populations that make up abused and neglected children
2) Learn how to identify data around abused and neglected children on healthycity.org
3) Understand policy opportunities to improve conditions for the youngest abused and neglected children
Raising awareness on what Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is, who it effects, how to help & be helped. Provides actual statistics as well as myths which are assumed with this serious social problem.
This comprehensive powerpoint presentation was put together in collaboration by Teri Covington, Senior Program Director, Michigan Public Health Institute, Malaika Shakir, MSW
GBI/CFR Program Manager and Bobby Cagle, Director of the Georgia Division of Family and Children Services, and presented on January 27 at our Georgia Children's Advocacy Network (GA-CAN!) forum.
Supporting Abused and Neglected Children Through Early Care and PolicyHealthy City
Title: Supporting abused and neglected children through early care and policy
This webinar will make the case for supporting abused and neglected children through early care opportunities as well as describe how to use the healthycity.org site to research and identify policy solutions around foster youth and early childhood education issues.
Learning objectives:
1) Strengthen one’s understanding of populations that make up abused and neglected children
2) Learn how to identify data around abused and neglected children on healthycity.org
3) Understand policy opportunities to improve conditions for the youngest abused and neglected children
Raising awareness on what Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is, who it effects, how to help & be helped. Provides actual statistics as well as myths which are assumed with this serious social problem.
This comprehensive powerpoint presentation was put together in collaboration by Teri Covington, Senior Program Director, Michigan Public Health Institute, Malaika Shakir, MSW
GBI/CFR Program Manager and Bobby Cagle, Director of the Georgia Division of Family and Children Services, and presented on January 27 at our Georgia Children's Advocacy Network (GA-CAN!) forum.
Bullying and depression among transgender youthRachel Watkins
Bullying is a relevant issue for this population and we must find ways to advocate for them in order to increase their safety. This presentation will discuss the negative impacts of bullying as well as clinical applications for this population.
Child Maltreatment and Intra-Familial ViolenceClinical Soc.docxbartholomeocoombs
Child Maltreatment and Intra-Familial Violence
Clinical Social Work with Urban Children Youth & Families
Child
Maltreatment
Broad definition that encompasses a wide
range of parental acts or behaviors that
place children at risk of serious or physical
or emotional harm
It is defined by law in each state
Labels used in state statutes vary
Categories of
Abuse
• Neglect
• Physical Abuse
• Sexual Abuse
• Emotional Abuse
Neglect
Definition of Neglect
The failure of a parent, guardian,
or other caregiver to provide for a
child’s basic needs. This can also
include failure to protect them
from a known risk of harm or
danger.
Examples of Neglect
Child is frequently
absent from school
Begs or steals food
or money
Lacks needed
medical or dental
care, immunizations,
glasses, etc.
Consistently dirty
and has severe body
odor
Lacks sufficient
clothing for the
weather
Abuses alcohol or
drugs
States that there is
no one at home to
provide care
Physical Abuse
Examples of Physical Abuse
• Visible unexplained burns, bites,
bruises, broken bones, or black eyes
• Has fading bruises or other marks
noticeable after an absence from
school
• Seems frightened of the parents and
protests or cries when it is time to go
home
• Shrinks at the approach of adults
• Reports injury by a parent or another
adult caregiver
Definition of Physical Abuse
The non-accidental physical injury of a
child
Sexual Abuse
Definition of Sexual Abuse
Anything done with a child for the
sexual gratification of an adult or
older child
Examples of Sexual Abuse
Has difficulty walking or
sitting
Suddenly refuses to
change for gym or to
participate in physical
activities
Reports nightmares or
bedwetting
Experiences a sudden
change in appetite
Demonstrates bizarre,
sophisticated, or
unusual sexual
knowledge or behavior
Becomes pregnant or
contracts a sexually
transmitted disease
Runs away
Emotional Abuse
Definition of Emotional Abuse
A pattern of behavior that impairs
a child’s emotional development
or sense of self-worth
Examples of Emotional Abuse
• Shows extremes in behavior
• Inappropriately adult or infantile
• Is delayed in physical or
emotional development
• Has attempted suicide
• Reports a lack of attachment to
the parent
Protective Factors
• Protective factors are conditions or attributes of individuals, families,
communities, or the larger society that, when present, promote wellbeing and
reduce the risk for negative outcomes
• Parental Resilience
• Social Connections
• Knowledge of Child Development
• Concrete Support In Times of Need
• Social and Emotional Competence of the Child
Intra-Family Violence
• Intra-family violence: a pattern of abusive behaviors by one family member against
another.
• Domestic and family violence occurs when someone tries to control their partner or
other family members in ways that intimidate or oppress them.
Contributors: Frank Putnam, MD, UNC at Chapel Hill, NC
William Harris, PhD, Children’s Research and Education Institute
& New School for Social Research, NYC, NY
Alicia Lieberman, PhD, UCSF, San Francisco, CA
Karen Putnam, PhD, UNC at Chapel Hill, NC
Lisa Amaya-Jackson, MD, Duke University, Durham, NC
This briefing overviews the research on the extent, consequences, risks and prevention strategies for family violence with a focus on preventing family violence in North Carolina.
Bullying is a unhealthy behavior with multiple manifestations. It does not discriminate against the age, ethnicity, belief system, lifestyle, and level of well-being of an individual. This unhealthy behavior usually starts early in life. Individuals can potentially exhibit and or be victimized by bullying. Most cases are underreported and not detected while the solutions exist to reduce the incidence and the prevalence of this common phenomenon. Targeting bullying in childhood and adolescence is a great determinant of healthier learners, but also of healthier and productive adult citizens.
Effective solutions to end violence against children will require researchers, practitioners, and leaders to come together to take stock of what we know, bridge gaps across the field, and influence change through the use and generation of VAC evidence.
This webinar aimed to share evidence and foster discussion on intersections between violence against women and violence against children, highlighting opportunities for greater collaboration, to build knowledge, and to translate it into policy and programmes.
Opening remarks: Alessandra Guedes, Gender and Development Research Manager, UNICEF Innocenti
Presenting evidence:
- Clara Alemann, Director of Programs, Promundo, The Hague
- Manuela Colombini, Assistant Professor in Health Systems and Policy and Gender-based Violence, and Loraine Bacchus, Associate Professor of Social Science, LSHTM
- Chandré Gould, Senior Research Fellow, and Matodzi Amisi, Senior Research Consultant, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
- Isabelle Pearson, Research Fellow for the Gender Violence & Health Centre at LSHTM and Heidi Stöckl, Professor of Public Health Evaluation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Panel discussion:
- Paul Bukuluki, Associate Professor of Social Work and Medical Anthropology, Makerere University, Uganda
- Lina Digolo, Senior Associate, The Prevention Collaborative, Kenya
- Lori Heise, Professor of Gender, Violence and Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
- Santi Kusumaningrum, Co-founder and Director, PUSKAPA - Center on Child Protection and Wellbeing at Universitas Indonesia
- Tarisai Mchuchu-MacMillan, Executive Director, MOSAIC, South Africa
Closing remarks: Emily Esplen, Head of Ending Violence Team, FCDO, United Kingdom
An Overview on Children Exposure to Interparental Violence: Definition, Impac...BASPCAN
Ms. See Lok Man, Mary
Assistant Lecturer
School of Nursing
The University of Hong Kong
Dr. Anna Choi
Assistant Professor
Department of Social Work and Social Administration
The University of Hong Kong
Risk Reduction Through Family Therapy (RRFT)BASPCAN
An integrative approach to treating substance use problems and PTSD among maltreated youth.
Carla Kmett Danielson PhD
Medical University of South Caolina
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Child Pornography on the Internet: Impact on...James Marsh
Attorney James R. Marsh and Social Worker Kathleen Coulborn Faller review the victim impact of child pornography on the Internet from both a social work and legal perspective.
1. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND
THE FAMILY UNIT
FAMILY RESOURCE PROPOSAL
BY: ASHLEY BIGHAM
2. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE DEFINED
• “Child sexual abuse (CSA) is defined as: Any use of a child for
sexual gratification by another person. It can be perpetrated by
an adult, an older or more developmentally advanced child, or
even a child of the same age if coercion is present.” (Olafson,
E., 2011).
3. RISK FACTORS FOR CSA
• Berliner (2011) lists the following risk factors for CSA:
• Girls are at greater risk of being sexually abused than are boys.
• Children with disabilities have almost double the reported incidence of
CSA than do children with no disability.
• Both boys and girls who have lived without one of their natural parents
are at risk.
• Lower socioeconomic status does not appear to be a risk factor.
4. ETHNIC DIFFERENCES CONSIDERED
• “Retrospective surveys do show minor ethic differences: African
American and Caucasian women report similar rates, whereas
Native American women report somewhat higher and Asian
women somewhat lower rates. Hispanic adolescent girls report
significantly higher rates of CSA.” (Olafson, 2011; Berliner,
2011).
5. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF CSA
• According to Nichols (2014), Exploration may be indicated if a child shows any
of the following symptoms:
• Sleep disturbance
• Encopresis or enuresis
• Abdominal pain
• Exaggerated startle response
• Appetite disturbance
• Sudden, unexplained changes in behavior
• Overly sexualized behavior
• Regressive behavior
• Suicidal thoughts
• Running away
(p.38)
6. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS CON’T
• When CSA is severe and long lasting, symptoms can include:
• Disabling PTSD
• Dissociative disorders
• Drug and alcohol dependence
• Anxiety disorders
• Conduct disorders
• Vulnerability to revictimization
• High-risk sexual behaviors (Olafson, E., 2011, p.12)
7. SEVERITY AND DURATION OF SYMPTOMS
• Olafson (2011), states that the following variables affect the severity
and duration of victim symptoms and behaviors:
• Prior or concurrent traumas
• Pre-existing psychological disorders
• The nature of the abuse
• Relationship to the perpetrator
• Duration of the abuse
• Level of support by the non-abusive caregiver
• Gender
(p.12)
8. CAUSES FOR POOR LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
• Olafson (2011) goes on to state that, “ Poorer longer-term outcomes
are associated with the following abuse characteristics:
• Contact rather than non-contact abuse
• Penetration
• Sexual abuse with aggression, violence, or coercion
• Sexual abuse that begins early and lasts through more than one
developmental stage
• A close relationship (generally familial) with the perpetrator.
(p.12)
9. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CSA
• CSA has been linked to:
• Depression across all age groups
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Phobias
• Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Substance abuse and dependence
(Molnar, Buka, & Kessler, 2001)
10. EMOTIONAL EFFECTS ON CAREGIVERS
• According to Tavkar and Hansen (2011), Initial reactions by non-offending caregivers may
include:
• Anger toward the perpetrator
• Displaced anger toward family members
• Guilt
• Self-blame
• Helplessness
• Panic
• Denial
• Shock
• Embarrassment
• Feelings of betrayal
• A desire for secrecy
• Fear for the child victim (p.189)
11. EFFECTS ON CAREGIVERS CON’T
• Non-offending caregivers may also experience considerable
social, emotional, and economic consequences (e.g. stigma,
increased feelings of isolation, loss of partner, loss of income,
disruption of the family especially with intrafamilial CSA ,
change of residence, and dependence on government
assistance; Elliott & Carners, 2001).
(Tavkar & Hansen, 2011, p. 189)
12. EFFECTS OF CSA ON SIBLINGS
• Tavkar & Hansen (2011) express that siblings may face several adverse
effects, including:
• Psychological distress of having viewed or known of the abuse
• Greater risk of victimization
• Change in family dynamics
• Change of residence
• Change of school districts
• Loss of friends
• Increased feelings of isolation, shame, and stigma
• Reduced family income
(p.189)
13. ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES FOR CSA
• “The CANS-Trauma Comprehensive is a unique trauma-focused
assessment strategy and multi-purpose tool that is comprehensive
yet flexible. It is an approach that is designed to integrate all the
information gathered about child and family in one place, including
multiple types of information (such as other measures, interviews,
observations, etc.). The CANS can be used for tracking client
progress over time and it also acts as a helpful “translational” tool for
service and treatment planning.”
(Retrieved from http://cctasp.northwestern.edu/resources/)
14. ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES FOR CAREGIVERS
• Caregiver Strain Questionnaire: This tool is provided to the caregiver at intake and upon discharge
from a program.
• The CGSQ assesses:
• The effects of the child’s problem behaviors on the individual and the family, such as missing work and
disruption of family routines.
• Other family members suffering negative mental or physical health effects as a result of the child’s problems.
• Youth getting into trouble with neighbors, community and/or law enforcement.
• Financial and family relationship strain due to child’s problem behaviors.
• Level of disruption of family social activities and feelings of social isolation
• Level of exhaustion and toll child’s behavior is having on caregiver.
• Feelings of sadness, anger, resentment, guilt, and embarrassment as a result of child’s problems.
• How well they feel they relate to the child.
• Concerns about the child/family’s future.
15. EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
• “Based on the Office of Victims of Crime (OVC) guidelines for
empirically supported treatments for child physical and sexual
abused, only one treatment, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy (TF-CBT) was found to be well supported and efficacious. It
also provides support and skills to non-offending parents to
effectively respond to their children and cope with their own
emotional distress.” (Tavkar & Hansen, 2011, p.191)
• According to Rubin (2010), TF-CBT is considered the gold standard
for treating traumatized children and their non-offending caregivers.
(p.121).
16. EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS CON’T
• Rubin (2010), suggests that along with TF-CBT, Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EDMR) is one of the two
interventions with the most empirical support for treating adult
PTSD (the other is Prolonged Exposure Therapy). Its protocol
for adults has to be translated to the appropriate
developmental phase when treating children, and the evidence
supporting its effectiveness with children is growing.” (p.121).
17. EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS CON’T
• “The Project SAFE Group Intervention was designed to address 3
critical target areas impacted by sexual abuse: the individual or self
(self-esteem, internalizing distress); relationships (social support,
communication, externalizing problems with peers and family); and
sexual development (sexual knowledge and abuse-related
issues…Project SAFE utilizes a parallel design, where youth and
parent groups meet separately, but concurrently to discuss similar
topics in developmentally appropriate way.” (Tavkar & Hansen, 2011, p.196).
18. STEPS TO ENHANCE PRACTICE AND POLICY
• According to the National Plan to Prevent the Sexual Abuse and
Exploitation of Children (2012) the following steps should be taken
to enhance practices and policy:
• Identify and advance specific policies and practices that, according to
research or best practices, prevent all types of sexual harm to children
• Promote prevention programs that are evidence based and adapted to the
needs of various communities, organizations, agencies, and institutions.
• Disseminate information about productive policies and practices that can be
emulated.
• Advocate for research and best practices-based treatment services for
individuals at risk to perpetrate sexual abuse.
(p.12)
19. REFERENCES
• Berliner, L. (2011). Child sexual abuse: Definitions, prevalence, and consequences. The APSAC handbook on child
maltreatment (3rd ed., p. 215-232). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
• The center for child trauma assessment and service planning website (2013). Retrieved from:
www.cctasp.northwestern.edu/resources/
• Molnar, B.E., Buka, S.L., & Kessler, R.C., (2001) Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: Results from
the National comorbidity survey. American Journal of Public Health, 9: 5, p.753-760.
• National coalition to prevent child sexual abuse and exploitation. (2012). National plan to prevent the sexual abuse
and exploitation of children. P. 1-32 (Rev. ed.). Retrieved from: www.preventtogether.org.
• Nichols, M.P., (2014). The essentials of family therapy (6th ed.). P. 39-47. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Education, Inc.
• Olafson, E. (2011). Child sexual abuse: Demography, impact, & intervention. Journal of child & adolescent
trauma, 4: 8-21. Cincinnati, OH: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
• Rubin, A. (2012). Clinician’s guide to evidence-based practice: Programs & interventions for maltreated
children and families at risk. p.121. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Tavkar, P. & Hansen, D.J. (2011). Interventions for families victimized by child sexual abuse: Clinical issues and
approached for child advocacy center-based services. P.187-199. University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty
Publications, Dept. of Psychology.