Fake News, Filter Bubbles, and Post-Truth Are Other People’s Problems
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- The document discusses a study on perceptions of fake news, filter bubbles, and trust across 27 countries. - Some key findings include that 65% of people think others live in filter bubbles, but only 34% admit to living in their own. 63% are confident in identifying fake news but only 41% think the average person can. - Charts in the document show comparisons between perceptions of oneself versus others on these topics, with many more people thinking issues like filter bubbles and identifying fake news apply more to others than themselves.
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Fake News, Filter Bubbles, and Post-Truth Are Other People’s Problems
- 1. Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust A study across 27 countries © 2018 Ipsos
- 2. FAKE NEWS, POST-TRUTH AND FILTER BUBBLES © 2018 Ipsos
- 3. 3 © 2018 Ipsos Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other people’s problems, not ours… - 65% think that other people live in a bubble on the internet, mostly looking for opinions they alreadyagree with – BUT only 34% say they live in their own bubble - 63% are confident they can identify fake news - BUT only 41% think average person can - 58% think they’re better than average at spotting fake news, only 28% think they’re not - 60% think other people don’t care about facts any more, they just believe what they want - 59% think they have a better understandingof social realities like crime rates than the average person, only 29% think they don’t
- 4. 4 © 2018 Ipsos 65% 77% 74% 72% 71% 71% 70% 70% 70% 69% 69% 68% 67% 67% 67% 66% 66% 64% 62% 62% 61% 60% 60% 59% 57% 55% 50% 44% 25% 14% 21% 23% 19% 24% 19% 19% 25% 20% 24% 25% 29% 19% 26% 30% 22% 22% 22% 24% 27% 30% 30% 29% 25% 28% 37% 35% Total US India Malaysia Sweden Turkey Australia Great Britain Mexico Canada Serbia Argentina Chile Hungary South Africa Peru South Korea Poland Belgium Spain China Brazil Russia Saudi Arabia France Germany Italy Japan T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree The average person in [COUNTRY] lives in their own ‘bubble’ on the internet, mostly connecting with people like themselves and looking for opinions they alreadyagree with.
- 5. 5 © 2018 Ipsos 34% 56% 54% 53% 49% 44% 40% 38% 37% 37% 34% 34% 32% 32% 32% 32% 31% 31% 30% 30% 30% 29% 27% 25% 25% 23% 23% 22% 56% 39% 34% 43% 39% 45% 53% 52% 58% 58% 60% 55% 57% 57% 62% 56% 61% 64% 57% 61% 57% 64% 53% 59% 62% 70% 71% 64% Total India China Malaysia Saudi Arabia South Korea Peru Brazil South Africa Turkey Chile Poland Australia Hungary Russia US Canada Mexico Belgium Great Britain Spain Serbia Japan France Italy Argentina Sweden Germany Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree I live in my own bubble on the internet, mostly connecting with people like myself and looking for opinionsI already agree with. T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
- 6. 6 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 +31 +48 +45 +45 +40 +40 +39 +38 +38 +35 +34 +33 +33 +32 +32 +32 +30 +30 +28 +26 +25 +22 +22 +19 +18 +17 +10 +7 Total Sweden Argentina US Great Britain Serbia Mexico Australia Canada Hungary Turkey Germany Chile Belgium Spain France South Africa Poland Russia Peru Italy South Korea Brazil Malaysia India Japan Saudi Arabia China We’re much more likely to think others live in filter bubble than admit we do… +/- Net This chart compares what people say for others and what they say for themselves on how much they live in a bubble, from previous two slides… …and shows how many more people think that others live in an internet bubble than admit that for themselves
- 7. 7 © 2018 Ipsos 41% 69% 60% 60% 58% 55% 54% 46% 44% 44% 44% 40% 40% 39% 39% 38% 38% 37% 37% 36% 34% 32% 29% 29% 28% 27% 26% 26% 48% 23% 34% 29% 34% 39% 27% 48% 50% 51% 49% 49% 56% 48% 47% 51% 45% 53% 48% 51% 59% 53% 53% 62% 59% 61% 52% 64% Total Hungary Malaysia Saudi Arabia China India Spain Peru Chile Mexico Serbia Russia Turkey Canada Poland Brazil France Argentina South Korea Australia South Africa Belgium Germany US Great Britain Italy Japan Sweden T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree I am confidentthat the average person in [COUNTRY] can tell real news from ‘fake news’.
- 8. 8 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 63% 77% 76% 76% 76% 74% 73% 72% 72% 70% 70% 69% 68% 68% 67% 66% 65% 64% 64% 63% 60% 58% 54% 52% 47% 45% 39% 30% 25% 19% 20% 21% 15% 20% 20% 19% 23% 25% 18% 17% 22% 23% 19% 21% 24% 24% 25% 26% 27% 31% 28% 37% 31% 36% 38% 47% Total Turkey Chile Peru Serbia Malaysia South Africa Argentina Mexico India Saudi Arabia Poland Brazil Hungary Australia Great Britain US Canada Sweden China Belgium Russia France Italy Germany South Korea Spain Japan Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree I am confidentthat I can tell real news from ‘fake news’ (entirely made up stories or facts).
- 9. 9 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 I can identify fake news but the rest of my country can’t… +/- Net +22 +39 +38 +38 +37 +36 +35 +32 +32 +31 +30 +30 +30 +28 +28 +25 +25 +18 +18 +16 +15 +14 +10 +8 +5 +4 -1 -15 Total South Africa Great Britain Sweden Turkey US Argentina Chile Serbia Australia Brazil Peru Poland Belgium Mexico Canada Italy Germany Russia France India Malaysia Saudi Arabia South Korea China Japan Hungary Spain This chart compares what people say for others and what they say for themselves on being able to identify fake news from previous two slides… …and shows how many more people think the average person can’t identify fake news compared with them (except in Spain and Hungary)
- 10. 10 © 2018 Ipsos 58% 73% 72% 69% 69% 69% 68% 66% 65% 65% 64% 62% 60% 59% 59% 59% 58% 56% 54% 54% 53% 52% 50% 49% 49% 47% 43% 30% 28% 23% 23% 23% 19% 24% 17% 21% 26% 26% 29% 28% 22% 28% 23% 27% 31% 24% 28% 25% 26% 29% 31% 36% 41% 33% 34% 47% Total Turkey Peru Chile Hungary India Serbia Saudi Arabia Malaysia South Africa Mexico Brazil Poland Argentina Australia US Russia Great Britain Canada Sweden Spain Belgium South Korea China Italy France Germany Japan T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree I think I’m better at spotting ‘fake news’ than the average person in [COUNTRY].
- 11. 11 © 2018 Ipsos 60% 71% 70% 69% 68% 67% 66% 66% 65% 64% 64% 64% 64% 62% 62% 61% 60% 60% 58% 56% 55% 54% 53% 53% 50% 49% 49% 48% 30% 25% 25% 27% 23% 26% 24% 30% 32% 25% 24% 33% 23% 26% 24% 35% 29% 31% 38% 30% 36% 27% 39% 37% 36% 44% 30% 44% Total Peru Serbia Turkey US Argentina Great Britain India Chile Australia Hungary Mexico Poland Belgium Germany South Africa Canada Sweden Malaysia Spain Brazil France Russia South Korea Saudi Arabia China Japan Italy Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree The average person in [COUNTRY] doesn’t care about facts about politicsand society anymore, they just believe what they want. T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
- 12. 12 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 59% 76% 75% 74% 72% 71% 68% 68% 67% 66% 66% 65% 64% 60% 58% 57% 57% 56% 55% 52% 51% 50% 50% 48% 48% 47% 42% 28% 29% 20% 20% 22% 24% 24% 21% 25% 23% 23% 27% 25% 21% 23% 27% 28% 24% 32% 33% 35% 35% 34% 36% 30% 34% 38% 38% 51% Total Turkey India Chile Peru Mexico China Malaysia Argentina Serbia South Africa Brazil Saudi Arabia Poland Great Britain Australia Spain Hungary US Sweden Canada Belgium Russia Germany South Korea Italy France Japan Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree I am confidentI have a better understanding of social realities like immigrationlevels and crime rates than the average person in [COUNTRY].
- 14. 14 © 2018 Ipsos Fake news and media lies… - 60% say they very or fairly oftensee storieswhere news organizations have deliberately lied– BUT there’s a very wide range from82% in Argentina to 30% in Germany - 48% say they’ve believeda story they then found out was fake - people define ‘fake news’ mostly as stories where the facts are wrong, but 36% see it as a term politicians use to discreditstories they don’t like – up to 51% in the US
- 15. 15 © 2018 Ipsos 60% 82% 79% 79% 77% 73% 72% 72% 71% 69% 68% 66% 65% 61% 59% 59% 57% 54% 54% 51% 51% 49% 48% 44% 43% 39% 36% 30% 28% 16% 14% 17% 21% 19% 24% 25% 17% 24% 26% 31% 22% 26% 28% 30% 29% 26% 30% 32% 30% 36% 36% 42% 47% 52% 41% 42% Total Argentina Serbia Turkey Mexico Brazil India Peru Hungary Malaysia South Africa Chile Poland US Italy Russia Australia France Great Britain Saudi Arabia Spain Belgium Canada Sweden China South Korea Japan Germany T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Very/Fairlyoften Not very often/Never How often, if at all, do you think you see stories where news organizations have deliberatelysaid something that isn’t true?
- 16. 16 © 2018 Ipsos 48% 62% 58% 58% 57% 57% 56% 55% 55% 55% 54% 54% 51% 50% 50% 49% 48% 48% 46% 46% 45% 45% 43% 35% 34% 33% 33% 29% 40% 29% 29% 29% 39% 29% 34% 37% 33% 29% 41% 43% 41% 45% 41% 39% 39% 39% 39% 42% 39% 38% 40% 51% 46% 54% 63% 62% Total Brazil Saudi Arabia South Korea Peru Spain China India Poland Sweden Chile Mexico Argentina Malaysia South Africa Russia Canada Serbia Australia US Belgium Germany France Hungary Japan Great Britain Turkey Italy Base: 19,243 adults across 27 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: Agree Disagree I have falsely believed a news story was real until I found out it was fake. T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
- 17. 17 © 2018 Ipsos 56% 44% 36% 5% 7% Stories where the facts are wrong Stories where news outlet or politicians only pick facts that support their side of the argument A term politicians and the media use to discredit news they don’t agree with None of these Don’t know When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you personally thinking of?
- 18. 18 © 2018 Ipsos 56% 71% 68% 68% 67% 65% 62% 62% 62% 62% 61% 58% 55% 55% 55% 54% 53% 52% 52% 52% 51% 51% 50% 45% 39% 37% 33% Total Sweden Brazil Italy South Africa Great Britain Germany Malaysia Turkey US Belgium Canada Australia Japan Mexico France India Argentina Chile Hungary Poland South Korea Serbia Saudi Arabia Peru Spain Russia Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you personally thinking of? Stories where the facts are wrong. % Yes T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
- 19. 19 © 2018 Ipsos 44% 66% 62% 60% 58% 57% 56% 55% 53% 53% 53% 51% 50% 50% 50% 50% 48% 46% 42% 39% 37% 35% 31% 26% 25% 25% 18% Total Serbia South Africa Turkey Argentina Chile US India Poland Spain Sweden Hungary Australia Malaysia Peru Russia Mexico Canada Great Britain Belgium South Korea France Saudi Arabia Germany Brazil Japan Italy When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you personally thinking of? Stories where the news outlets or politicians only pick facts that support their side of the argument. % Yes Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
- 20. 20 © 2018 Ipsos 36% 51% 49% 48% 47% 46% 46% 46% 45% 44% 43% 43% 42% 42% 40% 38% 36% 35% 35% 32% 30% 30% 27% 25% 19% 18% 11% Total US Peru Malaysia Sweden Canada Chile Russia South Africa South Korea Argentina Turkey Australia Great Britain Poland Mexico India Hungary Spain Belgium Saudi Arabia Serbia France Germany Japan Brazil Italy When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you personally thinking of? A term politicians and the media use to discredit news they don’t agree with. % Yes Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
- 21. WHY DO WE GET SO MUCH WRONG?
- 22. 22 © 2018 Ipsos Why do people think we’re wrong? - the majority of people globally put the blame for our misperceptions of things like immigrationlevels or crime rates down to politicians misleading us, closely followedby the media misleading us - but 43% also see it as partly about our own biases,like our focus on negative information,misleading us – and this is highest in the US at 57% - fewpeople think it’s because the figures or wrong or our math skills letting us down
- 23. 23 © 2018 Ipsos 52% 49% 43% 41% 18% 18% 3% 10% Politicians mislead people The media misleads people People have a biased view , for example, they focus on negative things/think things are getting worse/generalise from their own experience Social media misleads people It’s often the figures that are wrong, not people’s views People are bad with numbers so they struggle with trying to estimate things like this None of these Don't know People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the populationare immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this?
- 24. 24 © 2018 Ipsos Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) 52% 68% 64% 62% 62% 61% 60% 59% 59% 58% 57% 56% 56% 54% 54% 54% 53% 52% 52% 50% 50% 49% 43% 40% 35% 22% 21% Total South Africa US Argentina Peru Serbia Hungary Russia Spain Poland Great Britain India Mexico Belgium Chile Malaysia Turkey Australia Canada France Sweden Brazil Italy Germany South Korea Japan Saudi Arabia People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this? Politicians mislead people % Yes T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
- 25. 25 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 49% 68% 61% 60% 59% 58% 55% 54% 54% 53% 52% 51% 50% 49% 48% 48% 47% 47% 45% 44% 44% 41% 41% 35% 34% 32% 30% Total Serbia Turkey Great Britain Russia US Hungary Argentina Australia South Africa Sweden Malaysia Poland Mexico Belgium Chile Brazil India Canada South Korea Spain France Peru Germany Italy Japan Saudi Arabia People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this? The media misleads people % Yes Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002)
- 26. 26 © 2018 Ipsos 43% 57% 56% 56% 55% 53% 52% 50% 48% 47% 47% 47% 46% 44% 43% 41% 41% 40% 40% 38% 38% 37% 34% 34% 32% 29% 24% Total US South Africa Sweden Canada Great Britain Chile Australia Malaysia Belgium Mexico Turkey Poland Germany India Argentina Hungary Italy Serbia Peru Spain Brazil France South Korea Japan Russia Saudi Arabia T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this? People have a biased view of the world, for example, they tend to focus on negative things or think things are getting worse, or generalize from their own experience % Yes
- 27. 27 © 2018 Ipsos 41% 59% 58% 56% 52% 52% 50% 50% 49% 48% 44% 44% 43% 40% 40% 39% 38% 37% 37% 35% 34% 33% 32% 31% 30% 25% 16% Total Malaysia US Great Britain Canada South Africa Sweden Turkey Serbia Australia Argentina India Belgium Germany Mexico Chile Spain Brazil France Hungary Russia South Korea Saudi Arabia Peru Italy Poland Japan People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this? Social media misleads people % Yes T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002)
- 28. 28 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18% 30% 29% 28% 25% 24% 23% 22% 21% 21% 20% 19% 19% 18% 17% 17% 16% 16% 14% 13% 12% 12% 12% 10% 10% 9% 8% Total Chile Mexico Argentina India Peru Spain Russia Belgium South Africa Hungary Poland Saudi Arabia Germany France Malaysia Serbia Turkey Brazil Great Britain Australia Canada US Italy South Korea Japan Sweden Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this? It’s often the figures that are wrong, not people’s views. % Yes
- 29. 29 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18% 32% 25% 25% 24% 23% 23% 22% 21% 20% 19% 18% 18% 18% 17% 16% 16% 14% 14% 14% 13% 12% 12% 12% 10% 9% 6% Total Belgium Malaysia Poland Sweden Chile Turkey France India Argentina Great Britain Brazil Saudi Arabia Spain South Africa Canada US Australia Germany Mexico South Korea Hungary Italy Serbia Russia Peru Japan Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this? People are bad with numbers so they struggle with trying to estimate things like this. % Yes
- 31. 31 © 2018 Ipsos We think trust in politicians is falling and misuse of facts is rising – but also that our political knowledge is holding up… - Majority in every country and 64% globally think people trust politicians less than 30 years ago, including 80% in Sweden - …and 57% think there is more misuseof facts in the media/politics than 30 years ago, with South Africa and the US most likely to agree - BUT we’re more evenly split on whether average personin our countries knows more or less about politics and society than 30 years ago: 30% think we know less, but 39% say more. And there is wide variation across countries:66% of South Koreans say they know more, only 21% in France
- 32. 32 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 10% 4% 9% 7% 3% 9% 6% 7% 12% 9% 5% 9% 8% 5% 4% 5% 9% 3% 12% 22% 11% 11% 5% 24% 29% 26% 64% 80% 77% 74% 74% 73% 73% 72% 71% 71% 71% 69% 69% 69% 68% 65% 62% 61% 57% 55% 55% 50% 50% 45% 43% 42% Total Sweden South Africa Chile Hungary Mexico Peru Serbia Brazil Russia Argentina US Italy Australia Great Britain Germany Belgium Spain Canada India Poland France Japan South Korea Turkey Malaysia Base: 17,737 adults across 25 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: More Less Do you think the average person in [COUNTRY] trusts politiciansto tell the truth more, less or about the same amount as they did 30 years ago?
- 33. 33 © 2018 Ipsos 57% 71% 69% 68% 67% 66% 64% 63% 63% 61% 61% 58% 58% 58% 57% 57% 56% 56% 53% 52% 51% 49% 47% 46% 45% 40% 11% 11% 4% 5% 16% 13% 12% 10% 7% 12% 18% 14% 15% 10% 6% 22% 8% 13% 7% 14% 8% 13% 9% 13% 17% 10% Total South Africa US Sweden Peru Mexico Brazil Hungary Serbia Chile Turkey Argentina Malaysia Spain Australia India Great Britain Russia Canada Italy France Poland Belgium Germany South Korea Japan Base: 17,737 adults across 25 countries (US: 1,002) KEY: More Less Do you think there is more, less or about the same amount of lying and misuse of facts in politics and media in [COUNTRY] than there was 30 years ago? T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
- 34. 34 © 2018 Ipsos T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 39% 66% 61% 56% 53% 53% 48% 48% 48% 46% 45% 42% 42% 39% 37% 34% 34% 32% 32% 29% 29% 29% 27% 27% 23% 22% 21% 30% 10% 19% 24% 25% 17% 30% 24% 32% 31% 22% 34% 26% 31% 25% 33% 37% 36% 37% 37% 33% 38% 39% 47% 27% 42% 36% Total South Korea Malaysia India Mexico Saudi Arabia Chile Russia Turkey South Africa Poland Brazil Serbia Argentina Spain Italy Peru Hungary US Australia Canada Great Britain Belgium Sweden Japan Germany France KEY: More Less Base: 18,243 adults across 26 countries (US: 1,002) Do you think the average person in [COUNTRY] knows more, less or about the same amount about politics and society as they did 30 years ago?
- 35. 35 © 2018 Ipsos Methodology GLOBAL ADVISOR: FAKE NEWS, FILTER BUBBLES, POST-TRUTH AND TRUST • These are the findingsof aGlobal Advisorsurveyintothe politicalmoodaroundthe world. Intotal 19,243 interviewswereconducted online betweenJune 22– July6, 2018 among adultsaged18-64 inthe US and Canada,andadultsaged16-64 inall othercountries. • The surveywasconductedin27 countriesaroundthe worldviathe IpsosOnline Panel system.The countriesreportinghereinare Argentina, Australia,Belgium, Brazil,Canada,China,Chile,France,Germany,GreatBritain,Hungary,India,Italy,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico, Peru,Poland, Saudi Arabia,Serbia,SouthAfrica,SouthKorea,Russia,Spain,Sweden,Turkeyandthe UnitedStatesof America. • Between500 and 1000+ individualsparticipatedonacountry bycountrybasisviathe IpsosOnline Panel.The sample was1000+in Australia, Brazil, Canada,France,Germany,GreatBritain,Italy,Japan,Spainandthe UnitedStatedof America.Inall othercountriesthe sample was500+. The precisionof Ipsosonline pollsiscalculatedusingacredibilityintervalwithapoll of 1,000 accurateto +/- 3.5 percentage pointsandof 500 accurate to +/- 5.0 percentage points.Formore informationonIpsos’use of credibilityintervals, please visit the Ipsoswebsite. • In countrieswhere internetpenetrationisapproximately60% or higherthe data outputgenerallyreflectsthe overall population.Of the 27 countriessurveyedonline,16 yieldresultsthatare balancedtoreflectthe general population:Argentina,Australia,Belgium,Canada, France, Germany, Hungary,Italy,Japan,Poland,Serbia,SouthKorea,Spain,Sweden,GreatBritainandthe UnitedStates.The11 remaining countriessurveyed–Brazil, China,Chile,India,Malaysia,Mexico,Peru,Russia,Saudi Arabia,SouthAfricaandTurkey- have lowerlevelsof internetconnectivityandreflectonline populationsthattendtobe more urbanand have highereducation/income thanthe general population. • Where resultsdonotsumto 100, thismaybe due to computerrounding,multiple responsesorthe exclusionof don'tknowsornotstated responses. • Data are weightedtomatchthe profile of the population.
- 36. 36 © 2018 Ipsos ABOUTIPSOS Ipsos ranks third in the global research industry. With a strong presence in 87 countries, Ipsos employs more than 16,000 people and has the ability to conduct research programs in more than 100 countries. Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos is controlled and managed by research professionals. They have built a solid Group around a multi-specialist positioning – Media and advertising research; Marketing research; Client and employee relationship management; Opinion & social research; Mobile, Online, Offline data collection and delivery. Ipsos is listed on Eurolist - NYSE-Euronext. The company is part of the SBF 120 and the Mid-60 index and is eligible for the Deferred Settlement Service (SRD). ISIN code FR0000073298, Reuters ISOS.PA, Bloomberg IPS:FP www.ipsos.com GAMECHANGERS At Ipsos we are passionately curious about people, markets, brands and society. We deliver information and analysis that makes our complex world easier and faster to navigate and inspires our clients to make smarter decisions. We believe that our work is important. Security, simplicity, speed and substance applies to everything we do. Through specialization, we offer our clients a unique depth of knowledge and expertise. Learning from different experiences gives us perspective and inspires us to boldly call things into question, to be creative. By nurturing a culture of collaboration and curiosity, we attract the highest caliber of people who have the ability and desire to influence and shape the future. “GAME CHANGERS” - our tagline - summarizes our ambition.