This study investigated factors hindering the retention of basic school teachers in border areas of Katsina State, Nigeria, as perceived by teachers and community members. The study found that lack of social amenities, lack of special allowances for border teachers, and insecurity in border areas were major hindering factors according to respondents. Respondents also perceived that providing social amenities, adequate security, and focusing attention on border area needs would help enhance teacher retention. There were no significant differences found between teachers' and community members' perceptions of hindering factors or solutions.
Parents and students perspectives of school culture effects on dropouts and n...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the perspectives of parents and students regarding the effects of school culture on dropouts versus non-dropouts in Sokoto, Nigeria. The study aimed to determine if there are differences in how the four groups (parents of dropouts, parents of non-dropouts, dropouts, non-dropouts) view the impact of school culture. A survey was conducted with 1,560 total participants from the four groups and 30 junior secondary schools. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which was then analyzed using one-way analysis of variance to identify any significant differences between the four groups' perspectives on how school cultural factors influence dropout rates. The findings suggested school culture does impact dropout rates
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
Effects of poverty on children educational attainment in isua, akoko south ea...Alexander Decker
This document examines the effects of poverty on children's educational attainment in Isua, Akoko South East Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. It finds that a parent's level of education, role models, and independent income greatly influence children's educational attainment, while parental income and government policy do not. Poverty has increased school dropout rates and prevented access to education. The researchers recommend investing in formal and vocational education, improving governance of education, and involving local communities to increase enrollment and completion rates.
The aim of this study was to try and establish the influence of the quota system of education in Kenya on national unity. The study’s target population was four thousand one hundred and seventy one (4171), and the sample of four hundred and thirty (432), who include three hundred and ninety one (391) learners and forty nine (49) lecturers from The Catholic University of Eastern Africa. The study employed a combination of descriptive survey and naturalistic design, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches in research. The instruments of data collection were the questionnaire and interview guide to enhance comprehensive data collection. Statistical procedures were used to sort, analyze and summarize
the data into frequencies and percentages. The qualitative data generated in the research was analyzed thematically. Analysis was done using Microsoft Word (a word processing program) and two statistical analysis software PSPP and R. From the research findings, on the quota system of education and its influence on national unity, the researcher was able to identify the following: teacher employment, student selection process and poverty as factors leading to minimal or lack of student / teacher interaction with other cultures and exposure to different environments giving rise to closed societies, closed cultures and teachers who are not globally exposed. These factors may give rise to a closed individual who might end up not being fully acculturated to different environments lacking the necessary skills to foster harmony in society.
Influence of Pupil-teacher Ratio on Performance in Kenya Certificate of Prima...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence pupil-teacher ratio on KCPE performance in Kitise Division, Makueni County. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population comprised of 24 head teachers and 172 teachers. The sample for the study was 24 head teachers and 119 teachers. This study used questionnaires to collect data while descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Findings revealed that high pupil-teacher ratio in the schools affected KCPE performance. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that the government should employ more teachers to counteract the high number of pupils in schools so that performance can be improved. It is also recommended that the government should build more primary schools to decongest existing ones in Makueni County.
Parents and students perspectives of school culture effects on dropouts and n...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the perspectives of parents and students regarding the effects of school culture on dropouts versus non-dropouts in Sokoto, Nigeria. The study aimed to determine if there are differences in how the four groups (parents of dropouts, parents of non-dropouts, dropouts, non-dropouts) view the impact of school culture. A survey was conducted with 1,560 total participants from the four groups and 30 junior secondary schools. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which was then analyzed using one-way analysis of variance to identify any significant differences between the four groups' perspectives on how school cultural factors influence dropout rates. The findings suggested school culture does impact dropout rates
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
Effects of poverty on children educational attainment in isua, akoko south ea...Alexander Decker
This document examines the effects of poverty on children's educational attainment in Isua, Akoko South East Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. It finds that a parent's level of education, role models, and independent income greatly influence children's educational attainment, while parental income and government policy do not. Poverty has increased school dropout rates and prevented access to education. The researchers recommend investing in formal and vocational education, improving governance of education, and involving local communities to increase enrollment and completion rates.
The aim of this study was to try and establish the influence of the quota system of education in Kenya on national unity. The study’s target population was four thousand one hundred and seventy one (4171), and the sample of four hundred and thirty (432), who include three hundred and ninety one (391) learners and forty nine (49) lecturers from The Catholic University of Eastern Africa. The study employed a combination of descriptive survey and naturalistic design, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches in research. The instruments of data collection were the questionnaire and interview guide to enhance comprehensive data collection. Statistical procedures were used to sort, analyze and summarize
the data into frequencies and percentages. The qualitative data generated in the research was analyzed thematically. Analysis was done using Microsoft Word (a word processing program) and two statistical analysis software PSPP and R. From the research findings, on the quota system of education and its influence on national unity, the researcher was able to identify the following: teacher employment, student selection process and poverty as factors leading to minimal or lack of student / teacher interaction with other cultures and exposure to different environments giving rise to closed societies, closed cultures and teachers who are not globally exposed. These factors may give rise to a closed individual who might end up not being fully acculturated to different environments lacking the necessary skills to foster harmony in society.
Influence of Pupil-teacher Ratio on Performance in Kenya Certificate of Prima...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence pupil-teacher ratio on KCPE performance in Kitise Division, Makueni County. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population comprised of 24 head teachers and 172 teachers. The sample for the study was 24 head teachers and 119 teachers. This study used questionnaires to collect data while descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Findings revealed that high pupil-teacher ratio in the schools affected KCPE performance. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that the government should employ more teachers to counteract the high number of pupils in schools so that performance can be improved. It is also recommended that the government should build more primary schools to decongest existing ones in Makueni County.
This case study examines the challenges of implementing distance education in Uganda. It outlines five key challenges: poor infrastructure like lack of reliable electricity and poor roads, the high cost of education, an outdated curriculum, inadequate expertise in distance education among lecturers, and poor attitudes towards distance learning. It recommends interventions like collaboration between institutions to build resource centers, government investment in infrastructure, curriculum reform, training lecturers, and sensitizing students and the public about distance education.
The document summarizes a study that assessed the challenges of formal education for youths in rural areas of Delta State, Nigeria. It found that various factors pose challenges, including parents, students, teachers, cultural issues, school administrators, and lack of government support. Parents often lack interest in education and financial resources, while students sometimes have poor attitudes towards learning. Teachers must also overcome cultural barriers and lack of facilities. The government needs to provide more educational resources to rural schools. Overall, the study revealed multiple barriers that must be addressed to improve formal education for youths in rural Delta State communities.
Challenges of Free Primary Education on KCPE Examination Performance in Publi...paperpublications3
Abstract: The Kenya certificate of pimary education (KCPE) is crucial since it is the indicator of a child’s basic education. The objectives of the study were to: determine the effects of enrolment of pupils on KCPE examinations performance, determine the effects of pupil to teacher ratio on KCPE examinations performance, find out the effects of pupil to textbook ratio on KCPE examinations performance, determine whether there is any significant improvement of KCPE in public primary schools of Kemera Division after the introduction of FPE using a chi square analysis and find out the effects of physical facilities on KCPE examinations performance in public primary schools. The literature was reviewed using the sub themes from the objectives. The study used stratified random sampling and descriptive design. The instruments used were questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussions and observations checklist. The total target population was 18 primary schools, 8326 pupils, 204 teachers 18 Head teachers, 180 school committee members and 2 education officers. The total population sampled was 372.The target groups from whom data was collected were pupils of class 4-8, teachers, Head teachers, school committee members and educational officers in the Division. The sample size constituted of 250 pupils, 80 teachers, 30 committee members, 10 Head teachers and 2 education officers in the Division .The study found out that enrolment was high, schools had uneven distribution of teachers, pupil to textbook ratio was inadequate and physical facilities were not enough. Chi square analysis showed no significant improvement in KCPE performance in the schools of the Division after the introduction of FPE. The study recommended that disbursement of funds to be sent in time to cater for high enrolment, Teacher to pupil ratio to be improved, Pupil to textbook ratio to be at 1:1, physical facilities to be improved and these would bring quality education and good KCPE results. The results obtained would be useful in informing policy on the improvement of the KCPE performance in the Division.
Perceived causes and control of students’ crises in higher institutions in la...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the perceived causes and control of student crises in higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study found that state-owned institutions experienced more frequent student crises than federal institutions. Major causes of student unrest included increases in tuition fees and inadequate attention to student welfare. Stable and moderate tuition fees were seen as an effective control measure. The study recommended allocating more funding to higher education institutions and involving students more in decision-making regarding issues that affect their welfare.
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting students' academic achievement in Christian Religious Knowledge on the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) in Nigeria. The study tested 5 hypotheses related to students' attitude, socioeconomic status, type of primary school attended, gender, and orientation (arts vs. science). Across all hypotheses, students with more positive attitudes, from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, private primary schools, female gender, and arts orientation performed better. The study concluded students' attitudes, backgrounds, and orientations are significant factors impacting their academic achievement in Christian Religious Knowledge.
An empirical investigation of viability of alternative approachesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the viability of alternative approaches to basic education among nomadic pastoralists in Samburu County, Kenya. The study found that government policies were viewed as lacking by 69.1% of respondents. 91.1% viewed the approaches used as inappropriate and 80% acknowledged nomadic lifestyle affected success. Additionally, 62.7% indicated centers were too far away at over 2.5 km and 73.4% said resource input was inadequate. The study recommended a multi-faceted policy approach addressing problems like water, medical facilities, livelihoods and conflicts to improve enrollment and literacy.
This document discusses improving teaching and learning for First Nation students in Ontario. It examines assumptions and biases regarding First Nations populations and how they impact education. It explores the current demographic of First Nations in Ontario, including population size, communities, and educational attainment. It discusses shifting teaching approaches to include First Nations perspectives, utilizing Aboriginal expertise, and meeting the needs of First Nations students. The goal is to foster engagement and success of First Nations learners through culturally relevant education.
A review of nigerian tertiary institutions of learning and national transform...Alexander Decker
The document discusses the role of tertiary institutions in Nigeria in national transformation. It finds that Nigerian tertiary institutions are poorly funded and equipped, producing graduates without skills needed for development. This is due to issues like corruption, underfunding of education, and lack of modern facilities. For Nigeria to transform, it needs tertiary institutions that can equip youth with skills through quality teaching, learning, and research. The document concludes that if tertiary institutions remain inadequate, Nigeria may fall behind globally in economic and technological development.
Migration and Education Experiences of Refugee Children in the East Region of...ijtsrd
Education is vital and recognized as a universal human right yet more than 70 of refugee children in the East Region of Cameroon do not effectively school This study investigated the migration and education experiences of refugee children in the East Region of Cameroon Two hundred and eleven refugee children, two head teachers, seven teachers, ten parents, one regional delegate, two workers of UNHCR, two workers of the Red Cross and two community leaders participated in the study Both qualitative and quantitative designs were used Questionnaire, school and classroom observations and individual interviews were used to collect data Results revealed that academic barriers like absenteeism 79 9 ,fast methods of teaching 58 8 ,lack of academic parental support at home 33 5 ,economic barriers like low socio-economic status of parents 35 5 ,hunger and starvation 36 7 ,socio-cultural barriers 7 7 ,and psychological barriers 14 0 , have a negative effect on effective schooling thereby leading to high dropout rate informal schooling ,provisional of educational needs, modification of curriculum and pedagogic practices, additional specialized programming ,modeling mentoring by nationals and resident refugees, community participation and a favorable school climate were proposed strategies to overcome these barriers Collaborative efforts of policy makers, administrators, teachers and service providers to ensure access, quality, equity and relevance in education for refugees were recommended Mary-Ann Awasiri Takwe "Migration and Education Experiences of Refugee Children in the East Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18402.pdf
Information and communication technology (ict) among school going childrenAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among school-going children in Sambalpur, India. It finds that ICT provides easy access to learning resources for students and helps bridge the gap between time and space by making education available anytime, anywhere. ICT is also found to be a powerful motivating tool for students by making the learning process more interactive and engaging. The study concludes that ICT can help transform education from a teacher-centered model to a more student-centered one and promote self-directed learning.
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT ON CHILDREN’S EDUCATION IN DISADVANTAGED AND RUR...ijejournal
1) The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children's education in disadvantaged and rural areas of Indonesia. Over 1 in 3 children stopped learning altogether due to limited access to distance learning options.
2) Children who did access distance learning learned less and faced numerous challenges like difficulties managing time and understanding subjects without in-person teaching.
3) Access to necessary technologies for online learning was limited, with many children lacking internet access, computers, or smartphones. Offline alternatives like printed materials or teacher home visits brought their own challenges.
Effect of administrative problems on the management ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of administrative problems on the management of secondary schools in Zone A Educational District of Benue State, Nigeria. The study focused on two administrative problems: population explosion of students and lack of information and communication technology (ICT). The study found that population explosion of students has significantly affected secondary school management through overcrowded classrooms and facilities. It also found that lack of ICT has significantly impacted school management and the implementation of educational reforms. The study recommends increasing teaching staff, classrooms, and hostels to address population issues and enhancing ICT facilities in schools.
Implications of Free Primary Education on KCPE Examinations Performance In Pu...paperpublications3
Abstract: The introduction of Free Primary Education in Kenya in 2003 increased enrolment from 5.9 million pupils to 7.6. By 2011, enrolment stood at 9.2 million pupils representing a 63% increase rate in nine years. It increased pupil to teacher ratio and pupil to textbook ratio. The Kenya certificate of primary education (KCPE) is crucial since it is the indicator of a child’s basic education. The objectives of the study were to: determine the effects of enrolment of pupils on KCPE examinations performance, determine the effects of pupil to teacher ratio on KCPE examinations performance, find out the effects of pupil to textbook ratio on KCPE examinations performance, determine whether there is any significant improvement of KCPE in public primary schools of Kemera Division after the introduction of FPE using a chi square analysis and find out the effects of physical facilities on KCPE examinations performance in public primary schools. The literature was reviewed using the sub themes from the objectives. The study used stratified random sampling and descriptive design. The instruments used were questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussions and observations checklist. The total target population was 18 primary schools, 8326 pupils, 204 teachers 18 Head teachers, 180 school committee members and 2 education officers. The total population sampled was 372.The target groups from whom data was collected were pupils of class 4-8, teachers, Head teachers, school committee members and educational officers in the Division. The sample size constituted of 250 pupils, 80 teachers, 30 committee members, 10 Head teachers and 2 education officers in the Division .The study found out that enrolment was high, schools had uneven distribution of teachers, pupil to textbook ratio was inadequate and physical facilities were not enough. Chi square analysis showed no significant improvement in KCPE performance in the schools of the Division after the introduction of FPE. The study recommended that disbursement of funds to be sent in time to cater for high enrolment, Teacher to pupil ratio to be improved, Pupil to textbook ratio to be at 1:1, physical facilities to be improved and these would bring quality education and good KCPE results. The results obtained would be useful in informing policy on the improvement of the KCPE performance in the Division.
The document discusses gaps and needs in media education for marginalized groups in India. It notes that while media has the potential to empower marginalized communities, current media education is limited and does not reach all sections of society. The author analyzes factors like the education system, language barriers, and lack of representation of marginalized groups in media that contribute to this problem. Case studies on the medium of instruction and impact of media messages show that media education needs to be more inclusive and accessible to truly benefit socially disadvantaged communities in India.
Ravi Bheemaiah Krishnan-Media Education and the marginalized-A critical study...pumediaseminar2011
The document discusses gaps and needs in media education for marginalized groups in India. It notes that while media has the potential to empower marginalized communities, current media education is limited and does not reach all sections of society. The author analyzes gaps in access to higher education and issues like medium of instruction. Case studies show lack of understanding of media messages among some communities due to language barriers. The document calls for rethinking definitions of mass media and training to promote social inclusion and indigenous knowledge.
Achieving basic education for all in Sierra Leone: trends, issues and prospectsPremier Publishers
The objectives of this article were to examine some of the policies that the Sierra Leone government has set on the achievement of education at the basic education level; present information on trends, issues and challenges being faced in providing basic education; assess whether the government has been able to achieve its policies and come up with recommendations on the way forward. This study was a desk research that relied on consulting secondary data, using various documents pertinent to the study to achieve the objectives of the study. Sierra Leone is a signatory to international protocols which obliges her to be committed to basic education being made free and compulsory. Laws, strategies and partnerships with donor communities have helped to significantly improve basic education. Challenges identified include: gender and rural disparities in access to education and pervasive poverty as key factors that inhibit it achieving the 100 percent enrolment for basic education for children. The paper ended by supporting the inclusion of the community in enhancing and sustaining basic education in the country.
The document discusses free primary education in Kenya and its challenges in fighting illiteracy. Some of the key challenges identified are understaffing, poor working conditions, inadequate funding, and lack of school libraries. The introduction of free primary education led to a surge in enrollment but also issues implementing the program due to a lack of clarity around roles and responsibilities. For free primary education to succeed, ongoing dialogue with stakeholders is needed to define their specific roles in supporting the policy goals of eliminating illiteracy, improving living standards, and bridging the education gap between rich and poor.
KPM has identified 5 gaps in the Malaysian education system:
1) Rural-urban gap - Students in rural areas tend to have lower academic achievement compared to those in urban areas. This is due to factors like less qualified teachers, lack of facilities/resources, and socioeconomic background of families.
2) Digital gap - There is unequal access to technology between rural and urban areas.
3) Gap in student achievement - Performance differs between groups like rural/urban, low/high socioeconomic status, and special needs/normal students.
4) Gap between special needs and normal students - Special education programs aim to close this gap.
5) Socioeconomic gap - Family socioeconomic background influences students
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
Socio Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools i...ijtsrd
Retention in school has positive consequences for individuals throughout their lives. This study presents the current factors that contribute to retention of boy child in public primary school, with a view of getting possible solution for countering the problems that causes boy child not to retain in school. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the socio cultural factors on retention of boy child in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. The research was guided by the classical liberal theory of equal opportunity. The research adopted a descriptive survey method. This design was considered appropriate because data was collected at one point in time across many individuals. The target population of the study comprised of 62 Head Teachers, 62 Deputy Head Teachers, 62 Senior Teachers and 62 Guidance and Counseling Teachers. The 14 Chiefs of Turkana West Sub County were also included as part of key informants in the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists SPSS . Quantitative data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics to generate percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. Inferential statistics was done using linear regression model. The study results were presented using tables and figures. The findings for the study demonstrated that socio cultural factors have a negative effects on boy child retention in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Itao Erukudi Titus | Sarah Likoko | Jane Barasa "Socio-Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools in Turkana West Sub-County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59772.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59772/sociocultural-factors-and-retention-of-boy-child-in-public-primary-schools-in-turkana-west-subcounty-kenya/itao-erukudi-titus
tertiary-education-in-a-rural-area-using-the-community-to-increase-the-pool-o...Bree Davis
This document discusses a partnership between Manukau Institute of Technology (MIT) and Te Aupouri Māori Trust Board to deliver social work qualifications in the rural area of Kaitaia, New Zealand. A pilot program delivered the Certificate in Social Services (Level 4) to develop local social workers. A research project found that students preferred to live and learn in their own community and hoped to support the community upon graduating. The initiative aims to provide evidence for further qualifications in Kaitaia using the community as support for students. Research methods included an online survey of past students and a focus group with current Bachelor of Applied Social Work students.
This case study examines the challenges of implementing distance education in Uganda. It outlines five key challenges: poor infrastructure like lack of reliable electricity and poor roads, the high cost of education, an outdated curriculum, inadequate expertise in distance education among lecturers, and poor attitudes towards distance learning. It recommends interventions like collaboration between institutions to build resource centers, government investment in infrastructure, curriculum reform, training lecturers, and sensitizing students and the public about distance education.
The document summarizes a study that assessed the challenges of formal education for youths in rural areas of Delta State, Nigeria. It found that various factors pose challenges, including parents, students, teachers, cultural issues, school administrators, and lack of government support. Parents often lack interest in education and financial resources, while students sometimes have poor attitudes towards learning. Teachers must also overcome cultural barriers and lack of facilities. The government needs to provide more educational resources to rural schools. Overall, the study revealed multiple barriers that must be addressed to improve formal education for youths in rural Delta State communities.
Challenges of Free Primary Education on KCPE Examination Performance in Publi...paperpublications3
Abstract: The Kenya certificate of pimary education (KCPE) is crucial since it is the indicator of a child’s basic education. The objectives of the study were to: determine the effects of enrolment of pupils on KCPE examinations performance, determine the effects of pupil to teacher ratio on KCPE examinations performance, find out the effects of pupil to textbook ratio on KCPE examinations performance, determine whether there is any significant improvement of KCPE in public primary schools of Kemera Division after the introduction of FPE using a chi square analysis and find out the effects of physical facilities on KCPE examinations performance in public primary schools. The literature was reviewed using the sub themes from the objectives. The study used stratified random sampling and descriptive design. The instruments used were questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussions and observations checklist. The total target population was 18 primary schools, 8326 pupils, 204 teachers 18 Head teachers, 180 school committee members and 2 education officers. The total population sampled was 372.The target groups from whom data was collected were pupils of class 4-8, teachers, Head teachers, school committee members and educational officers in the Division. The sample size constituted of 250 pupils, 80 teachers, 30 committee members, 10 Head teachers and 2 education officers in the Division .The study found out that enrolment was high, schools had uneven distribution of teachers, pupil to textbook ratio was inadequate and physical facilities were not enough. Chi square analysis showed no significant improvement in KCPE performance in the schools of the Division after the introduction of FPE. The study recommended that disbursement of funds to be sent in time to cater for high enrolment, Teacher to pupil ratio to be improved, Pupil to textbook ratio to be at 1:1, physical facilities to be improved and these would bring quality education and good KCPE results. The results obtained would be useful in informing policy on the improvement of the KCPE performance in the Division.
Perceived causes and control of students’ crises in higher institutions in la...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the perceived causes and control of student crises in higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study found that state-owned institutions experienced more frequent student crises than federal institutions. Major causes of student unrest included increases in tuition fees and inadequate attention to student welfare. Stable and moderate tuition fees were seen as an effective control measure. The study recommended allocating more funding to higher education institutions and involving students more in decision-making regarding issues that affect their welfare.
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting students' academic achievement in Christian Religious Knowledge on the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) in Nigeria. The study tested 5 hypotheses related to students' attitude, socioeconomic status, type of primary school attended, gender, and orientation (arts vs. science). Across all hypotheses, students with more positive attitudes, from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, private primary schools, female gender, and arts orientation performed better. The study concluded students' attitudes, backgrounds, and orientations are significant factors impacting their academic achievement in Christian Religious Knowledge.
An empirical investigation of viability of alternative approachesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the viability of alternative approaches to basic education among nomadic pastoralists in Samburu County, Kenya. The study found that government policies were viewed as lacking by 69.1% of respondents. 91.1% viewed the approaches used as inappropriate and 80% acknowledged nomadic lifestyle affected success. Additionally, 62.7% indicated centers were too far away at over 2.5 km and 73.4% said resource input was inadequate. The study recommended a multi-faceted policy approach addressing problems like water, medical facilities, livelihoods and conflicts to improve enrollment and literacy.
This document discusses improving teaching and learning for First Nation students in Ontario. It examines assumptions and biases regarding First Nations populations and how they impact education. It explores the current demographic of First Nations in Ontario, including population size, communities, and educational attainment. It discusses shifting teaching approaches to include First Nations perspectives, utilizing Aboriginal expertise, and meeting the needs of First Nations students. The goal is to foster engagement and success of First Nations learners through culturally relevant education.
A review of nigerian tertiary institutions of learning and national transform...Alexander Decker
The document discusses the role of tertiary institutions in Nigeria in national transformation. It finds that Nigerian tertiary institutions are poorly funded and equipped, producing graduates without skills needed for development. This is due to issues like corruption, underfunding of education, and lack of modern facilities. For Nigeria to transform, it needs tertiary institutions that can equip youth with skills through quality teaching, learning, and research. The document concludes that if tertiary institutions remain inadequate, Nigeria may fall behind globally in economic and technological development.
Migration and Education Experiences of Refugee Children in the East Region of...ijtsrd
Education is vital and recognized as a universal human right yet more than 70 of refugee children in the East Region of Cameroon do not effectively school This study investigated the migration and education experiences of refugee children in the East Region of Cameroon Two hundred and eleven refugee children, two head teachers, seven teachers, ten parents, one regional delegate, two workers of UNHCR, two workers of the Red Cross and two community leaders participated in the study Both qualitative and quantitative designs were used Questionnaire, school and classroom observations and individual interviews were used to collect data Results revealed that academic barriers like absenteeism 79 9 ,fast methods of teaching 58 8 ,lack of academic parental support at home 33 5 ,economic barriers like low socio-economic status of parents 35 5 ,hunger and starvation 36 7 ,socio-cultural barriers 7 7 ,and psychological barriers 14 0 , have a negative effect on effective schooling thereby leading to high dropout rate informal schooling ,provisional of educational needs, modification of curriculum and pedagogic practices, additional specialized programming ,modeling mentoring by nationals and resident refugees, community participation and a favorable school climate were proposed strategies to overcome these barriers Collaborative efforts of policy makers, administrators, teachers and service providers to ensure access, quality, equity and relevance in education for refugees were recommended Mary-Ann Awasiri Takwe "Migration and Education Experiences of Refugee Children in the East Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18402.pdf
Information and communication technology (ict) among school going childrenAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among school-going children in Sambalpur, India. It finds that ICT provides easy access to learning resources for students and helps bridge the gap between time and space by making education available anytime, anywhere. ICT is also found to be a powerful motivating tool for students by making the learning process more interactive and engaging. The study concludes that ICT can help transform education from a teacher-centered model to a more student-centered one and promote self-directed learning.
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT ON CHILDREN’S EDUCATION IN DISADVANTAGED AND RUR...ijejournal
1) The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children's education in disadvantaged and rural areas of Indonesia. Over 1 in 3 children stopped learning altogether due to limited access to distance learning options.
2) Children who did access distance learning learned less and faced numerous challenges like difficulties managing time and understanding subjects without in-person teaching.
3) Access to necessary technologies for online learning was limited, with many children lacking internet access, computers, or smartphones. Offline alternatives like printed materials or teacher home visits brought their own challenges.
Effect of administrative problems on the management ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of administrative problems on the management of secondary schools in Zone A Educational District of Benue State, Nigeria. The study focused on two administrative problems: population explosion of students and lack of information and communication technology (ICT). The study found that population explosion of students has significantly affected secondary school management through overcrowded classrooms and facilities. It also found that lack of ICT has significantly impacted school management and the implementation of educational reforms. The study recommends increasing teaching staff, classrooms, and hostels to address population issues and enhancing ICT facilities in schools.
Implications of Free Primary Education on KCPE Examinations Performance In Pu...paperpublications3
Abstract: The introduction of Free Primary Education in Kenya in 2003 increased enrolment from 5.9 million pupils to 7.6. By 2011, enrolment stood at 9.2 million pupils representing a 63% increase rate in nine years. It increased pupil to teacher ratio and pupil to textbook ratio. The Kenya certificate of primary education (KCPE) is crucial since it is the indicator of a child’s basic education. The objectives of the study were to: determine the effects of enrolment of pupils on KCPE examinations performance, determine the effects of pupil to teacher ratio on KCPE examinations performance, find out the effects of pupil to textbook ratio on KCPE examinations performance, determine whether there is any significant improvement of KCPE in public primary schools of Kemera Division after the introduction of FPE using a chi square analysis and find out the effects of physical facilities on KCPE examinations performance in public primary schools. The literature was reviewed using the sub themes from the objectives. The study used stratified random sampling and descriptive design. The instruments used were questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussions and observations checklist. The total target population was 18 primary schools, 8326 pupils, 204 teachers 18 Head teachers, 180 school committee members and 2 education officers. The total population sampled was 372.The target groups from whom data was collected were pupils of class 4-8, teachers, Head teachers, school committee members and educational officers in the Division. The sample size constituted of 250 pupils, 80 teachers, 30 committee members, 10 Head teachers and 2 education officers in the Division .The study found out that enrolment was high, schools had uneven distribution of teachers, pupil to textbook ratio was inadequate and physical facilities were not enough. Chi square analysis showed no significant improvement in KCPE performance in the schools of the Division after the introduction of FPE. The study recommended that disbursement of funds to be sent in time to cater for high enrolment, Teacher to pupil ratio to be improved, Pupil to textbook ratio to be at 1:1, physical facilities to be improved and these would bring quality education and good KCPE results. The results obtained would be useful in informing policy on the improvement of the KCPE performance in the Division.
The document discusses gaps and needs in media education for marginalized groups in India. It notes that while media has the potential to empower marginalized communities, current media education is limited and does not reach all sections of society. The author analyzes factors like the education system, language barriers, and lack of representation of marginalized groups in media that contribute to this problem. Case studies on the medium of instruction and impact of media messages show that media education needs to be more inclusive and accessible to truly benefit socially disadvantaged communities in India.
Ravi Bheemaiah Krishnan-Media Education and the marginalized-A critical study...pumediaseminar2011
The document discusses gaps and needs in media education for marginalized groups in India. It notes that while media has the potential to empower marginalized communities, current media education is limited and does not reach all sections of society. The author analyzes gaps in access to higher education and issues like medium of instruction. Case studies show lack of understanding of media messages among some communities due to language barriers. The document calls for rethinking definitions of mass media and training to promote social inclusion and indigenous knowledge.
Achieving basic education for all in Sierra Leone: trends, issues and prospectsPremier Publishers
The objectives of this article were to examine some of the policies that the Sierra Leone government has set on the achievement of education at the basic education level; present information on trends, issues and challenges being faced in providing basic education; assess whether the government has been able to achieve its policies and come up with recommendations on the way forward. This study was a desk research that relied on consulting secondary data, using various documents pertinent to the study to achieve the objectives of the study. Sierra Leone is a signatory to international protocols which obliges her to be committed to basic education being made free and compulsory. Laws, strategies and partnerships with donor communities have helped to significantly improve basic education. Challenges identified include: gender and rural disparities in access to education and pervasive poverty as key factors that inhibit it achieving the 100 percent enrolment for basic education for children. The paper ended by supporting the inclusion of the community in enhancing and sustaining basic education in the country.
The document discusses free primary education in Kenya and its challenges in fighting illiteracy. Some of the key challenges identified are understaffing, poor working conditions, inadequate funding, and lack of school libraries. The introduction of free primary education led to a surge in enrollment but also issues implementing the program due to a lack of clarity around roles and responsibilities. For free primary education to succeed, ongoing dialogue with stakeholders is needed to define their specific roles in supporting the policy goals of eliminating illiteracy, improving living standards, and bridging the education gap between rich and poor.
KPM has identified 5 gaps in the Malaysian education system:
1) Rural-urban gap - Students in rural areas tend to have lower academic achievement compared to those in urban areas. This is due to factors like less qualified teachers, lack of facilities/resources, and socioeconomic background of families.
2) Digital gap - There is unequal access to technology between rural and urban areas.
3) Gap in student achievement - Performance differs between groups like rural/urban, low/high socioeconomic status, and special needs/normal students.
4) Gap between special needs and normal students - Special education programs aim to close this gap.
5) Socioeconomic gap - Family socioeconomic background influences students
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
Socio Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools i...ijtsrd
Retention in school has positive consequences for individuals throughout their lives. This study presents the current factors that contribute to retention of boy child in public primary school, with a view of getting possible solution for countering the problems that causes boy child not to retain in school. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the socio cultural factors on retention of boy child in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. The research was guided by the classical liberal theory of equal opportunity. The research adopted a descriptive survey method. This design was considered appropriate because data was collected at one point in time across many individuals. The target population of the study comprised of 62 Head Teachers, 62 Deputy Head Teachers, 62 Senior Teachers and 62 Guidance and Counseling Teachers. The 14 Chiefs of Turkana West Sub County were also included as part of key informants in the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists SPSS . Quantitative data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics to generate percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. Inferential statistics was done using linear regression model. The study results were presented using tables and figures. The findings for the study demonstrated that socio cultural factors have a negative effects on boy child retention in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Itao Erukudi Titus | Sarah Likoko | Jane Barasa "Socio-Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools in Turkana West Sub-County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59772.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59772/sociocultural-factors-and-retention-of-boy-child-in-public-primary-schools-in-turkana-west-subcounty-kenya/itao-erukudi-titus
tertiary-education-in-a-rural-area-using-the-community-to-increase-the-pool-o...Bree Davis
This document discusses a partnership between Manukau Institute of Technology (MIT) and Te Aupouri Māori Trust Board to deliver social work qualifications in the rural area of Kaitaia, New Zealand. A pilot program delivered the Certificate in Social Services (Level 4) to develop local social workers. A research project found that students preferred to live and learn in their own community and hoped to support the community upon graduating. The initiative aims to provide evidence for further qualifications in Kaitaia using the community as support for students. Research methods included an online survey of past students and a focus group with current Bachelor of Applied Social Work students.
Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic Achieve...iosrjce
Recent trends in global circumstances have focused on one goal of educating every child on the globe.
The growing problems of quality manpower shortages, international circumstances, and advancement in the
sciences, professional and specialized fields have contributed to the increasing awareness of the importance of
modifying academic achievement of underachieving students. In today’s society, according to Howard and
Solberg (2006), education is highly valued and a necessary prerequisite to becoming successful and
experiencing at least a moderately high quality of life as an adult. It is important to note that academic
achievements is very important to the adolescent population and as submitted by Marsh (1990) it is extremely
important given the correlation between school achievement and positive outcomes over the life span
Students' abesenteeism a silent killer of universal secondary education in ug...Komakech Robert Agwot
The document discusses students' absenteeism in Uganda's Universal Secondary Education system. It finds the average absenteeism rate is 23.18% in day schools and 3.25% in boarding schools. The main causes of absenteeism identified are lack of school supplies, household work, lack of interest, hunger at school, sexual harassment, long distances to school, illness, family issues like loss of a parent, peer influence, and harsh punishment. Absenteeism affects students from poor families, those living far from school, females, orphans, the disabled, males, and those from single parent homes most. The study recommends improving family income, providing school meals, improving transportation, holding schools accountable, and examining the
THE INVOLVEMENT OF YOUTH CORP MEMBERS IN TEACHING IN NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING...paperpublications3
Abstract:The need to address the challenge of inadequate teachers in schools, in an attempt to improve the standard of education in the country, has made it imperative for Government to consider the option of involving many National Youth Corp members to teaching in Nigeria. This paper however examines the matters arising from their involvement in teaching, such as the use of untrained Corp members in teaching, low quality Corp members, arising from inappropriate training in tertiary institution, low commitment of Corp members to teaching, limited time being spent by Corp members in teaching, negative attitudes of Corp members in schools, lack of continuity in teaching, growing insecurity across the country. Recruitment of Corp members with teaching qualification, adequate supervision and monitoring of Corp members posted to schools, effecting discipline of Corp members that showed dereliction of duties, among others are recommended to improve the quality of teaching in schools and for effective service delivery by the Corp members involved in teaching in schools.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF YOUTH CORP MEMBERS IN TEACHING IN NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING...paperpublications3
Abstract:The need to address the challenge of inadequate teachers in schools, in an attempt to improve the standard of education in the country, has made it imperative for Government to consider the option of involving many National Youth Corp members to teaching in Nigeria. This paper however examines the matters arising from their involvement in teaching, such as the use of untrained Corp members in teaching, low quality Corp members, arising from inappropriate training in tertiary institution, low commitment of Corp members to teaching, limited time being spent by Corp members in teaching, negative attitudes of Corp members in schools, lack of continuity in teaching, growing insecurity across the country. Recruitment of Corp members with teaching qualification, adequate supervision and monitoring of Corp members posted to schools, effecting discipline of Corp members that showed dereliction of duties, among others are recommended to improve the quality of teaching in schools and for effective service delivery by the Corp members involved in teaching in schools.
Keywords:Involvement, Youth, Corp members, teaching, matters arising, way forward, Nigeria
Attitude of Parents toward Western Education in North Eastern Nigeria“Case St...iosrjce
This research work, “attitude of parents toward Western education” In Chibok Local government
area has given an ample opportunity to determine and summed up the opinion of stake holder in the area of
social, religion, cultural, tradition and educational background of parents in the area. Understanding these
factors will provide a substantial venue for government policy planning in terms of needs and encouragement to
the parents in the area for manpower development and future of our youth. From the study carried out, it was
discovered that the attitude of parent under this research have great influences on the attainment of western
education of their children. Chibok local government area is so positive towards western education. This may
be due to the influence of early settlement of the Christian missionaries in the area, respect of the basic
economic constrain. It can be assumed that 68% of the people of the five districts are educational influenced.
The impact of parents low economic status, create impact on formal education.
AN ASSESSMENT OF ICT SUPPORT FOR STUDENTS LIVING WITH DISABILITIES AT THE UNI...IJITE
The purpose of the study was to assess the ICT support for the students living with disabilities at The
University of Namibia. A qualitative methodology was used through the use of an in-depth face to face in
interview which was administered to 12 participants who were lectures and disabled students from the
University of Namibia disability Unity. The participants in the study were selected through the use of the
purposeful strategy. The study findings unveiled that PCs cell phones and internet, software programmes,
projectors and white boards, classroom televisions and radios downloaded app videos and braille’s and
hearing aids are some of the ICT equipment available for the students at living with disabilities at the
University of Namibia. The study also established that lack of training in administrators, lecturers and
disabled student who are in the disability unity of the University of Namibia in ICT equipment usage, lack
of technical support from the University, lack of ICT resources, lectures low content knowledge and limited
computer knowledge of the lectures for students living with disabilities are some of the challenges faced by
students living with disabilities at the University of Namibia. The study also found out that there is need for
management collaboration and support ICT resources for students living with disabilities. The study also
revealed that the provision of incentives to the lecturers teaching students with disabilities will improve the
lectures utilisation of ICT gadgets during the teaching of students living with disabilities at the University
of Namibia. In addition, the study also recommended that monitoring and evaluation of the ICT support for
the students living with disability need to be strengthened at the University of Namibia. Furthermore, the
study also recommended that there should be collaboration between the various educational stakeholders
in the provision of ICT support to students living with disabilities at the University of Namibia.
Drop out among pupils in rural primary schools in kenya the case of nandi nor...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on pupil dropout in rural primary schools in Nandi North District, Kenya. The study aimed to identify the causes of dropout and strategies to address it. It found that the main causes of dropout were teenage pregnancy, repetition of grades, large family size, lack of motivation for school, parental negligence, peer influence, lack of teacher counselors, and early marriage. It also noted the factors leading to dropout differed between boys and girls. The study recommends that the government and stakeholders address dropout by strengthening policies on spending of funds for free primary education to benefit all children.
Declining quality of intellectual output in nigeria's tertiary intitutions of...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the declining quality of intellectual output from Nigeria's tertiary education institutions. It identifies several economic, political, and social factors contributing to this decline, including: lack of adequate funding of education; poverty affecting teachers and students; political interference in hiring and admissions; expansion of student numbers without infrastructure growth; and a decline in societal moral values encouraging exam malpractice. The document recommends adequately funding education; improving management of funds; discouraging political interference; encouraging values of hard work and honesty; and reducing emphasis on certificates over performance. Overall, it analyzes why academic excellence is no longer a characteristic of Nigeria's universities due to various existential factors hindering quality.
This document provides an assessment of perceptions of Zimbabwean students on the South African higher education system, specifically referencing the University of Venda. It examines the motives driving Zimbabwean student mobility into South Africa for study purposes. Interviews with Zimbabwean students at the University of Venda revealed certain motives and challenges, including the role of student mobility on South Africa's education system and challenges of integration. The research recommends expanding international student integration, assessing the impact of student mobility on institutions, and considering the role of institutions in promoting "brain circulation" over "brain drain".
Factors Related to Secondary School Students’ Choice of Agriculture Subject i...iosrjce
In Kenya, subjects that students choose have a lot of influence on their careers. The Ministry of
Education (MOE) in Kenya requires that secondary school students register for a minimum of seven and a
maximum of nine subjects when they join form three. These subjects are grouped into various categories
including; Sciences, Languages, Humanities, Technicals and Foreign languages. Agriculture is grouped among
the many Technical subjects, which students only select one, despite its prospects in several careers like
veterinary medicine, zoology, forestry and teaching among others. This situation of subject choice is the same in
Uriri Sub-County where several technical subjects are offered in secondary schools. In the recent past, the
number of students taking Agriculture has recorded an increase. Due to the key importance of Agriculture in the
economy, there is need to maintain this upward trend. This study sought to find out the influence of involvement
in peer group activities and students’ interest on the choice to study Agriculture among secondary school
students in Uriri Sub-County. The study employed ex-post facto research design. The target population in the
study was 262 form three students who had opted for Agriculture. 152 Agriculture students were drawn by
proportionate stratified random sampling. A questionnaire with closed ended items was used to collect data.
Data collection was preceded by a pilot test whose analysis resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.78 indicating
that the instrument was reliable. Data was analysed using SPSS package version 22 and presented using
frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics (chi-square) was used test hypotheses at α=0.05. Involvement
in peer group activities was found to be high but did not statistically influence the choice of Agriculture while
students’ interest in Agriculture was high and statistically influenced the decision to study Agriculture.
Evaluation of secondary school principals’ views on the use of untrained teac...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated secondary school principals' views on the use of untrained teachers in Kenya's free secondary education system. The study surveyed 81 principals and found that about a quarter of the schools employed untrained "Board of Governors" teachers who lacked formal qualifications or pedagogical skills. This created issues like inadequate curriculum coverage and overworking of qualified teachers. The principals also noted problems with how these untrained teachers were recruited, such as nepotism. The conclusion was that untrained teachers have limitations in effective lesson delivery that can negatively impact teaching quality and learning outcomes.
Adult learners dropout from literacy programmes in gombe state, nigeriaAlexander Decker
The document discusses adult learner dropout from literacy programs in Gombe State, Nigeria. It notes that while literacy programs see high initial enrollment, completion rates are often disappointing due to dropout. The study examines causes of dropout in Gombe State's literacy programs in 2011. Through a survey of 542 past learners, it finds that gender roles and instructor incompetence were key reasons for dropout. It also identifies inadequate instructional materials and quality as additional factors. The document recommends building more literacy centers, equipping them properly, and establishing more female-centered programs to address dropout issues.
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study investigates the adaption experiences of indigenous college students at the
University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
Attitudes of students toward studying history and government in some selected...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study investigating students' attitudes toward studying history and government in secondary schools in Mosocho division, Kisii County, Kenya. The study found that most students had negative attitudes toward studying history and government. It analyzed data collected from questionnaires given to students and teachers. Previous literature discussed factors that could influence attitudes, such as teaching methods, emphasis on vocational subjects, and perceptions of a subject's relevance. The objectives of the study were to establish students' and teachers' attitudes and the factors influencing students' attitudes toward studying history and government.
Similar to Factors hindering retention of basic school teachers in border areas as perceived by educational stakeholder in katsina state, nigeria (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Factors hindering retention of basic school teachers in border areas as perceived by educational stakeholder in katsina state, nigeria
1. Public Policy and Administration Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online)
Vol.4, No.10, 2014
41
Factors Hindering Retention of Basic School Teachers in Border
Areas as Perceived by Educational Stakeholder in Katsina State,
Nigeria
Daramola, C.O. Ph.D Amali, I.O.O. Ph.D Yusuf, A. Ph.D Bello, M.B. Ph.D
Department of Social Sciences,Faculty of Education ,University of Ilorin ,Ilorin, Nigeria.
E-mail: muhinat4islam@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study is a descriptive survey research that investigated factors hindering retention of basic school teachers
in border areas as expressed by education stakeholders (teachers and community members) in Katsina state of
north-Western, Nigeria. A researchers- design questionnaire with psychometrics properties of content validity as
well as 0.68 reliability index was administered to 234 respondents. Mean rating with 2.50 as accepted mean
score value was adopted to answer the research questions raised in the study. While test was used to test the
research hypotheses raised. The results revealed that lack of social amenities of life, lack of special allowances
for teachers deployed to serve in the border areas, as well as insecurity of the border areas among others
constitute serious part of the factors hindering retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina
State. The researcher recommends that, in the areas, provision of social amenities and adequate security to
enhance high rate of teachers’ retention in the border areas. Finally, the researchers also recommended that the
Federal Government of Nigeria should focus special attention on the plight of people living in the border areas.
Keywords: Border areas, Teacher retention, Basic Education, Education stakeholders and Border education
Introduction
Nigeria, with vast land (about 983,000 kilometres in diameter) shares common boundaries with four countries;
Niger Republic and Chad to the North, Cameroun to the east and Republic of Benin in the South- West. Its
border lines are about 4,000 kilometres and the northern part alone accounts for about 2,000 kilometres of that
stretch (www.history-of-nigeria/htm).
Border communities are towns close to the boundary between two countries, states or regions. It could
have the feature of a highly cosmopolitan towns or flashpoint for international conflicts as well as isolated
extreme rural areas, lacking basic necessities of life (Wills, 2010). Border areas are characterised by various
factors that negatively influence the delivery of quality education, such as Insecurity; Researches such as that of
Folami and Karimu (2010) have shown that Nigerian border areas are so porous and have failed to curtail influx
of illegal aliens and the challenges faced by the law enforcement agencies at the borders.
Natural phenomena, Political inadequacies and Government neglect are other factors responsible for the
sorry state of the Nigerian borders. With over 55 border posts in the Northern part of the country, the
Immigration Service that is responsible for the management of the movement of people in and out of the country
has less that 300 officers deployed in the areas and about ten vehicles to do the peripheral patrolling. The only
patrol boat available is at the moment broken down and out of use, while there are less than one hundred
motorcycles available for their use (Oluwalana, 2011).
There are no clear cut forms of demarcation between Nigeria and her neighbours and everybody
wanders in and out of the Country in these areas as they wish without showing any concern for rules or laws
governing international borders.
Nigerians in the Baki area of Borno state prefer to live in the Cameroonian end of the border, because
there are virtually no infrastructural facilities at their own end. There are no light or health facilities in the
Nigerian side, whereas the Cameroonians have adequate health facilities which service not only Cameroonians
but also their Nigerian neighbours who move in droves to benefit from these facilities (Wills, 2010).
Singh and Rangnekar (2000) also highlighted the followings as feature of border communities in the
north-western part of Nigeria. High rate of unemployment of educated and uneducated, skilled and unskilled
youth poor economic situation, poor state of social infrastructures and problems of unmarked demarcation of the
land among others. Typically, border areas are remote and relatively underdeveloped, as a result, many border
communities and their schools are poor and disadvantaged, lacking of basic infrastructural facilities such as
water, roads, electricity and information and communication technologies (ICTs) among others.
Education has become one of the most powerful weapons known for reducing inequality in modern
societies. It is also used for laying the foundation for a sustainable growth and development of any nation. Basic
education in particular is the level of education that develops in the individual the capacity to read, write and
calculate. In other words, it helps to eradicate illiteracy (Bruns, Mingat and Rakotamalala, 2003). Thus, basic
education is the only level of education that is available everywhere in both the developed and the developing
2. Public Policy and Administration Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online)
Vol.4, No.10, 2014
42
countries as well as in border, urban and rural areas (Akinbote, Oduolowu & Lawal, 2001). This explains why
basic education is the largest sub-sector of any education system and offers the unique opportunity to contribute
to the transformation of societies through the education of the young ones (UNESCO, 2001).
Education program continues to be undercut as the biggest victims of the educational system are those
living in border areas. The attitudes of the children and teachers also affect the quality of the schools. Allocation
of government funds and the conditions of the destitute in border schools contribute to the low quality of
education for children in border areas. Overall enrollment in basic schools is very low, as about fifty percent of
children living in these areas leave school before completion of the first primary cycle (Tefft, 2009). These
children leave school for variety of reasons: some leave because of lack of interest; most leave so that they can
work in the fields, etc. As these children grow into adults, many are still illiterate by the age of forty. These
uneducated adults are also reluctant to send their own children to school because of their failure in the education
system. This in turn creates a problem for the next generation.
While the children living in border areas continue to be deprived of a quality education, part of the
reason could also be attributed to their teachers. A large number of teachers refuse to teach in border areas and
those that do are usually under qualified (Bob, 2007). In recent years, the number of qualified teachers has
increased because of increased efforts by the government and private groups to improve the general education
and professional training of teachers (UNESCO, 2007). Despite all these efforts, teachers’ deployment and
retention has constituted serious challenge to schools in the border areas. Several researches have been
conducted in this areas, such as the study of Bob (2007), Aina (2010), and Folami and Karimu (2010) but with
different variables, geographical locations and sample scope. This study investigated into the challenges,
implications and prospects of teachers’ retention on the quality of basic education in border areas of Katsina
State.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors hindering retention of basic school teachers
in the border areas of Katsina State as perceived by educational stakeholders (Teachers and community
members). Specifically, the study would examine:
i. Teachers’ perception of the factors hindering the retention of basic school teachers in the border areas
of Katsina State.
ii. Community members’ perception of the factors hindering the retention of basic school teachers in the
border areas of Katsina State.
iii. Perception of teachers and community members on possible solution to the factors hindering retention
of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katisna State.
Research Questions
The following research questions were put forward to guide this study:
i. What are the factors hindering the retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State?
ii. What are the possible solution to the factors hindering retention of basic school teachers in the border
areas of Katsina state as perceived by the stakeholders.
iii. Is there difference in the teachers and community members’ perception of the factors hindering the
retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State?
iv. Is there difference in the perception of teachers and community members on how best to enhanced
retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State.
Research Hypothesis
Ho1 There is no significant difference in the teachers and community members’ perception of the factors
hindering retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State.
Ho2 There is no significant difference in the perception of teachers and community members on how best
to enhanced retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State.
Methodology
The descriptive survey design was used in this study. The choice of the descriptive survey was in line
with Daramola (2006), who maintained that it is concerned with gathering of information on peoples’ opinion.
The target population for this study comprised all the teachers and border community members of Bugaje,
Farfaru, Gangara, Gulbin Baure, and Jibiya Kusa of Jiba in Katsina State. There are 12,657 of people living in
these four border communities of Jiba Local Government Areas of Katsina State out of which 235 respondents
(consisting of both teachers and community members) were purposively sampled (National Bureau of Statistics,
2009). This is in line with Research Advisors (2006) table for selecting the sample size. A 19 item Five Point-
Likert scale type questionnaire designed by the researchers was used for eliciting the needed data from the
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ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online)
Vol.4, No.10, 2014
43
respondents. The questionnaire was also translated in to two other languages (Hausa and Arabic). The
questionnaire items were validated by experts in the Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, Faculty
of Education, University of Ilorin to ensure its content validity. This is in line with Sambo (2008) who
maintained that the best procedure for validating research instrument is to give it to a panel of experts. A test re-
test reliability method was carried out with a sample of 40 respondents (teachers and border community
members) in Illela Local government of Sokoto State. Three-week interval period was given. The scores of the
first were correlated with the scores of the second using Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and
reliability index of 0.68 was obtained. The questionnaire contained two sections. Bio-data of the respondents
constituted the first section while the second section contained 19 items with 4 points responses (Strongly
Agreed (5), Agreed (4), Disagree (3), Strongly Disagree (2) and I don’t know (1). The questionnaire was
administered to the respondents by the researchers in the company of trained research assistants. The data
collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation with 2.50 as accepted means score value.
Results
The results were presented in the tables below:
Research Question One: What are the factors hindering the retention of basic school
teachers in the border areas of Katsina State?
Table 1: Stakeholders’ Responses on the factors hindering retention of basic school teachers in borders
areas.
s/no Statements
Challenges
Mean SD Decision
1 Poor infrastructural facilities in border school 3.31 1.06 Agreed
2 Lack of teachers’ teaching facilities in border schools. 3.55 0.96 Agreed
3 Poor monitoring of teachers in the border schools. 3.84 1.05 Agreed
4 Lack of special allowance to Teachers posted or teaching in
border area schools
3.18 0.93 Agreed
5 Lack of access to professional opportunities to develop basic
school teachers.
3.71 1.10 Agreed
6 Insecurity nature of border areas. 3.50 1.01 Agreed
7 Outright neglect of teachers in border schools. 3.74 1.13 Agreed
8 Marital status of basic school teachers influence their retention in
border schools negative (married and single )
3.53 1.04 Agreed
9 Poor accommodation for basic teachers deployed to border
schools.
3.50 1.00 Agreed
10 Poor school environment 3.10 1.01 Agreed
11 inconducive teaching and learning environment 3.61 1.04 Agreed
Table 1 reveals some factors hindering retention of basic schools teachers in the border schools, this
was unanimously agreed that the factors listed above influence teachers’ retention in border schools. With the
mean score values ranging from 3.10 to 3.84 which is above the acceptable value of 2.50.
Research Question Two : What are the possible solution to the factors hindering retention of basic school
teachers in the border areas of Katsina state as perceived by the stakeholders.
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Table 2: Stakeholder responses on the possible solution to the factors hinder retention of basic education
teachers in the border areas.
s/no Prospects Mean SD Decision
1 Involvement of border school teachers in the communities work may
help to retain more teachers in to the community.
3.44 1.03 Agreed
2 Inclusion of border education as a course of study in the Nigeria
teacher training institutes would help to increase retention among
teachers of borer schools
3.58 0.95 Agreed
3 Allocation of more funds for education at the border Local
Government Areas to support education at the border areas would
influence retention among teachers positively.
3.83 1.05 Agreed
4 Adequate provision of in-service training for teachers would promote
high retention rate among border teachers.
3.30 0.99 Agreed
5 Adequate provision of social infrastructural facilities in the border
communities would promote high retention rate among basic school
teachers
3.81 1.07 Agreed
6 Adequate provision of security at the border areas. 3.55 1.00 Agreed
7 Government should be more committed to education at the border
areas
3.78 1.11 Agreed
8 Support, inspection and supervision services should be adequate at the
border schools
3.56 1.02 Agreed
Table 2 revealed some possible solutions to the factors hindering retention of basic schools teachers in
the border areas of Katsina State as perceived by both the teachers and the community members. With the mean
score values ranging from 3.30 to 3.83 which is above the acceptable value of 2.50.
Hypotheses one: There is no significant difference in the teachers and community members perception of the
factors hindering the retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State?
Table 2: t-test table of teachers and community members’ responses
Status N MEAN SD df t-test Sig(2-tail) Decision
Teachers 12 38.5 3.74
232 0.56 0.58 Accepted
Community
members
223 77.30 590.05
P= 0.05
Table 3 reveals that t-value is 0.56 with significant probability value (P value) of 0.58. Since the
probability value, P-value = 0.58 > 0.05 alpha level, the null hypothesis is therefore not rejected. This implies
that no significant difference existed in the perception of teachers and community members as regard the factors
hindering the retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State.
Hypotheses two: There is no significant difference in the perception of teachers and community
members on how best to enhanced retention of basic school teachers in the border areas of Katsina State.
Table 4: t-test table of teachers and community members’ responses on possible solution
Status N MEAN SD df t-test Sig(2-tail) Decision
Teachers 12 28.25 2.89
232 -0.74 0.46 Accepted
Community
members
223 28.91 3.05
P= 0.05
Table 4: reveals that t-value is -0.76 with significant probability value (P value) of 0.46. Since the
probability value, P-value = 0.0.46>0.05 alpha level, the null hypothesis is therefore not rejected. This implies
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45
that both teachers and community members don to differ in the way they perceived the possible solution has
been able to promote retention of basic education teachers in the border areas of Katsina state.
Discussion of the findings
The findings in this study revealed that both the teachers and community members perceived that there are
factors such as ; lack of access to professional opportunities where the teachers can develop their profession
either through seminars,/workshop or training and re-re-training programme. Other factors include; low salary,
lack of special allowance for teachers deployed to service in the border areas, lack of social infrastructure in the
environment. To worsen the situation is the problem of insecurity of the border inhabitant. Basic schools in these
communities lack facilities and infrastructures such as electricity, drinkable water, functional laboratories, good
usable toilets, among others. Also, the schools lack adequate supervision and inspection from the States Ministry
of Education. Limited resources in border areas often extend to teachers. Border schools find it difficult to
attract good and suitable teachers, because there are less financial resources available. For the same reason, it is
difficult to retain teachers in border areas. Finding suitable accommodation is another challenge for teachers in
border areas. Most teachers and administrators in border schools are relatively young, less education, and get
lower pay and benefits than non border employees. The problem with most border teachers today is retaining
them, it is extremely difficult to find teachers who fit in with the border communities and will stay for a long
period of time because of this. Usually the teachers who end up staying are either from a border background or
have previous experience with border communities. Poor physical school structures, inconducive teaching and
learning environment , Marital status of basic school teachers (married or single) and outright neglect of
teachers in border schools among others. This is agreement with the findings of Castle (1995). These definitely,
the stakeholders perceived have influence on access, retention, not minding the vital roles of education in the
society, generally. Probably, this is why there was no significant difference in the perception of stakeholders as
regard factors hindering retention of basic school teachers.
Findings of the study have also revealed that low retention rates of basic school teachers in the border
areas have negative implications for quality education. The quality of school inputs such as teachers, facilities
and materials influence school enrollment, attendance, completion and achievement rates among school-age
children in border areas. This is because border school teachers carry out their duties in a difficult environment
combined with less support from the government, inadequate supervision, and poor remuneration. All these
demoralized even the dedicated teachers. This is why many of these teachers do redeployed themselves back to
the urban areas, leaving the border areas with very few workforces.
Among the strategies that may help border schools retain teachers as perceived by both teachers and
community members are to involve teacher in the community activities. Also, increasing people's awareness of
the problems of border schools may also be promising. This will help them develop interest in border schools
and may contribute to the development of these schools.
Recent statistics from the Ministry of Education, National Teachers’ Institute (NTI), National
Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) and Faculties of Education in Nigerian Universities revealed
that adequate numbers of trained teachers are being produced on a yearly bases but the problem lies in teacher
distribution or deployment. Adequate funds are also considered necessary so as to take care of teachers teaching
in border areas. This would afford the Local government the opportunities of allocating special allowances for
the teachers teaching in the schools in border areas and also to make adequate provision for the necessary
teaching and learning materials and all other necessary facilities in the school. Training and re-training of
teachers should on the priority list of the government, especially for teachers in the border areas. This would
enhance productivity and retention among them.
Adequate security provision is needed in order to promote high retention rate among teachers in the
border schools. This is because there cannot be development in any society when her citizens are living in fear.
This may be one of the reasons why Stuart (2009) pointed out that the primary responsibilities of any leader in a
state or nation is to preserve the security of the people occupying its territory. Accordingly, policies should be
focused on protecting homeland, rural / border security, freeing people from fear and pushing forward with
development.
Conclusion
Rethinking basic schools in the border areas requires first reviewing the characteristics of the border areas,
particularly in developing countries, like Nigeria and then considering the place of education in the policy and
programme of the Nation. To a large extent, Katsina State international border communities have been suffering
from low or poor retention rate of basic school teachers. This has put its population at disadvantaged
educationally. As low teachers retention in the schools creates many obstacles for basic school students in border
schools, another setback is the lack of school facilities which becomes detrimental to the learning process.
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Recommendations
The strategy to retain high-calibre teachers in border areas must focus on the issue of teachers’ salaries and other
financial incentives. First, all teachers should receive salaries that reflect the value of being part of the teaching
profession and their contributions to the society. Second, to attract and retain teachers in isolated communities
such as the border areas, they should be compensated with additional financial incentives, in the form of
hardship allowance, travel allowance for teachers to go to the border area, etc. Evidently, some measures must be
put in place to help mitigate the problems teachers in border communities are facing in Nigeria generally. Lastly,
special attentions need to be focus on border areas, to alleviate the suffering of the populace and plan the
education system to be more inclusive.
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