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H
andoutsontheConduct
andF
acilitationof
PsychosocialSupport
Activities
H
a
ndoutsontheConduct a
ndF
a
cilita
tionof Psychosocia
l
Support Activities
This handout is an aid to the Learning Session on the Conduct and Facilitation of
Psychosocial Support Activities, in line with the return to in-person classes for S.Y
.
2022-2023.
H
owT
oUse
This handout is given prior to the live online Learning Session on the Conduct and
Facilitation of Psychosocial Support Activities to provide time for participants to
read, and familiarize themselves with the concepts to be discussed during the
online learning session. As an aid, this handout is meant to be used to support the
learning of the participants during the online session.
Prepare to have a copy of this handout before attending the online Learning
Session on the Conduct and Facilitation of Psychosocial Support Activities.
While watching the online learning session, read the handout as the facilitators go
through the discussion. The contents of this handout will be best understood with
the guidance of the facilitators’ discussions during the online learning session. Feel
free to write on your handouts and take down notes as you listen to the discussion.
After the online learning session, you can use these handouts again as a reminder
of the key concepts learned during the online session.
1
ResilienceinChildren
In the context of disasters and/or emergencies, the well-being and mental health of
children are partly dependent on their resilience as this involves an individual’s capacity
to face, overcome, and be strengthened or transformed by the impact of such disasters
and/or emergencies.
The International Resilience Project (1995) posits that there can be three (3) sources of
resilience for children or factors that help children overcome adversities which can be
described and expressed as follows:
I H
a
ve
The IHave factors are the external supports and resources that promote resilience in
children. These factors lay the foundation for developing feelings of safety and security
which is the core of developing resilience in children. The International Resilience Project
emphasizes that this foundation is necessary before children can be secure in their
awareness of who they are or what they can do. The IHave factors include:
Trusting relationships
Structure and rules at home
Role models
Encouragement to be autonomous
Access to health, education, welfare, and security services
I Am
The IAm factors are feelings, attitudes, and beliefs within children; these are their
internal and personal strengths. The IAm factors include being:
Lovable and having an appealing temperament
Loving, empathetic, and altruistic
Proud of self
Autonomous and responsible
Filled with hope, faith, and trust
I Ca
n
The ICan factors are children’s social and interpersonal skills which they learn through
interaction with others or from others’ teaching or modeling. The ICan factors include
interpersonal skills such as
Communication
Problem-Solving
Managing feelings and impulses
Gauging the temperament of self and others
Seeking trusting relationships
2
PrioritizingtheWell-beingofChildren
Well-Being
Is a state of health, happiness, and prosperity
which we have influence over
.
The different types of well-being, illustrated on
the right, thrive through feelings of safety,
involvement and participation, and our
capacity to adapt and develop.
When we design our psychosocial support
activities, we can consider the different types of
well-being.
Achild'swell-beingisinfluencedbydifferentfactorssignificantto
his/herdevelopm
ent
Family/Caregiver are primary sources of love,
care, and protection
Community is a secondary source. The school,
teachers, and staff have a significant role in
influencing well-being
Culture and Societyis a tertiarysource that
affects the community, family, and child through
different beliefs, practices, and resources.
Risk Factors are elements that increase a child’s
susceptibility to a decrease in well-being and
resilience.
Protective Factors are elements that reinforce a
child’s healthy development, well-being, and
resilience.
Risksarepresentateverylevelof involvement,solet's focuson
buildingandmaintainingProtectiveFactors.
H
owtobuilda
ndm
a
inta
inP
rotectiveF
a
ctors?
Nurture parental resilience
Maintain social connections
Access to child development and parenting resources
Raising social and emotional competence of children
3
PsychosocialSupportActivities
One of the ways to develop resilience and nurture the mental health and well-being of
children is through Psychosocial Support Activities. Specifically, psychosocial support
activities are:
Activities and interventions that meet the psychological and social needs of
individuals, families, and communities;
Provided in times of crisis to help manage normal distress and prevent mental
health concerns; and
Reduces the risk of vulnerability while strengthening protective factors
Psychosocia
lSupportActivitiesinclude:
Psychoeducation and awareness raising on mental health
Life and vocational skills development
Recreational and creative activities
Sports and physical activities
Restoring family links
Child-friendly spaces
Community committees
Cultural and traditional rituals support
Support and self-help groups
Psychological First Aid*
*Note:
As a psychosocial support activity, Psychological First Aid (PFA) is specifically applied in
the context of disasters and/or emergencies or situations that may cause distress or
trauma to individuals. PFA is defined as a humane, supportive response to a fellow
human being who is suffering and who may need support. PFA involves:
Non-intrusive practical care and support
Assessing needs and concerns
Helping people access basic needs (food, water, information, etc)
Listening to people, but not pressuring them to talk
Comforting people and helping them feel calm
Helping people connect to information, services, and social supports
Protecting people fromfurther harm
4
ExpressiveArts(EXA):TheArtsforSelf-Expression
One psychosocial support activity is arts. Arts are forms of play that engage children,
which means that as children make art, they are able to express themselves better
since play is a child’s natural language. Different art forms stimulate different parts of
the brain. so; play around, experiment, and create a variety of activities to engage and
have fun with children while nurturing their well-being.
When playing and doing art activities, children are able to:
Increase their ability to concentrate
Solve problems
Gain a sense of mastery
Build self-confidence
Release tension and reduce anxiety
Communicate their ideas
Express feelings that maybe difficult to talk about
Develop fine and gross motor skills
Develop social skills
Expressive Arts can be used for the following:
Healing. The arts help us understand and express feelings related to stressful
experiences
Learning. The arts engage us in broader learning concepts
Fun. The arts foster joy and happiness
You may use the SMART Play Table, seen on pages 1
1to 17, as a reference for different
art modalities and their implications for healing and learning.
It issimplyhumantoengageinplayandcreatebeautifulthings;noonecantake
thisawayfromus.Letusgiveourselvespermissiontoplayandmakeart!
Note:
In order to stimulate proper brain development, socializing, and learning, focus first on
establishing safety. If children do not feel safe, they will focus their attention on survival.
Let children know that the classroom is a safe space and that they can approach their
teachers if they need help or support. Below are some of the things you can do to make
your learners feel safe:
Create a routine to reduce feelings of uncertainty
Take time to do breathing, mindfulness, and movement activities to soothe emotions
and feel balanced
Create space to talk about feelings, and only if they want to share
Work with parents/family to create consistency and continuity
5
Principles:T
he7S' of Psychosocia
lSupport
Listed below are the 7 principles of an Expressive Arts-based Psychosocial Support.
1.Safety. Emotional and physical safety are essential for healing to take place; this
builds trust and creates an environment where self-reflection and self-expression
become possible.
2.Self-awareness. In school, at various age groups, there is a growing self-awareness
of one’s body, separateness from others, and ability to express needs and preferences.
Through specific activities, this growing knowledge of self serves as a building block for
gaining more complex developmental skills such as problem-solving and self-
regulation, which can lead to health, stability, resilience, and confidence.
3.Self-expression. The process of identifying feelings and sharing this both verbally
and non-verbally, in the presence of a caring adult who is attentive to both the learner
and the creative process, is fundamentally what psychosocial support work in the
classroom is about.
4.Self-regulation. This is the ability to manage one’s emotions. Since the mind and
body are interconnected, this skill is key to achieving a sense of equilibrium mentally,
physically, and emotionally. Since the mind and body are intricately connected, one’s
ability to manage strong emotions is key to healthy daily functioning.
5.Problem solving. This critical life skill can be learned through any process that
involves art making. It can begin with resolving the simple dilemma between choosing
blue or green to color, or deciding what colors to mix to make a new color, or deciding on
one’s own specific rhythm or beat in a song or a dance sequence.
6.Self-confidence. A strong sense of self-esteem and self-confidence is essential to
experiencing success in school and in finding one’s way through adversity, and art-
based activities can help encourage children to reflect on, identify, and express their
strengths and values. As a stabilizing factor, the school or any child-friendly space that
builds on children’s strengths become healing spaces particularly for children who do
not receive affirmation in other aspects of their lives.
7.Self-compassion. When children receive empathy in times of distress, they learn how
to demonstrate this towards themselves and others as well. Caring adults who model
compassion and empathy indirectly teach children how to show this to others in times of
difficulty. These activities that involve the facilitation of a trustworthy adult as well as
interactions with others promote the development of empathy and appreciation for
differences and unique abilities, talents, and ways of coping.
6
Age or grade level of learners
What is most appropriate for them given their age or grade level?
Skills and abilities
What are they capable of doing on their own?
What tasks would they still need some assistance with?
Interests
What are most of them into these days?
How can elements of these be possibly integrated into the activities to encourage
more engagement?
Cultural and religious background
What are important things most of them consider sacred?
How should some themes be approached given their cultural and/or religious
beliefs and traditions?
Time and materials available
How much time exactly can weallot for the entire activity?
What existing materials are already available?
What are cost-efficient materials that can easily be sourced?
What are some alternative materials we can consider using?
7
Conductinga
ndF
a
cilitatingE
XA-ba
sedPsychosocia
l
Support Activities
Some basic considerations in conducting psychosocial support activities in the
classroom include the following:
ActivityF
low
Beginning
1.P
repa
ra
tionof physica
la
ndem
otiona
lspa
ce
2.Greetings
3.Check-in/Kum
usta
ha
n
4.Discussionof Guidelines
Middle
1
.E
nergizerorgroundinga
ctivity
2.Ma
ina
ctivity
End
1.Sharing
2.Synthesis
3.Closing
Spa
ceP
repa
ra
tion
Emotional Space
8
This allows both the teachers and learners the freedom to explore during the session,
and the assurance of safety and confidentiality throughout the activities. Creating
Emotional Space will usually require the teacher or facilitator to:
Establish boundaries
Establish a routine
Be observant of how the learners are feeling, and respond with appropriate activities
Communicate in a way that affirms the creative process and supports the emotional
safety of the space
Physical Space
The physical frame around the relationships between teachers, learners, and art is the
classroom or the learning space. It is necessary to establish this frame to offer the
learners the physical and emotional safety to play, discover, and learn, and to contain
overwhelming and chaotic feelings. This frame constitutes the physical and
psychological conditions within which healing becomes possible.
This involves preparation of materials and deciding on the physical set-up of the
classroom or venue where psychosocial support session is to be conducted. This allows
for a smooth flow of activities and decreases interruptions while said activities are
ongoing. It is most important to consider that learners feel a sense of order and are
invited to engage fully in the activities given the set-up.
The following diagrams are suggestions on how to go about the set-up that may be
applied to classrooms depending on the activity design, availability of space, and
availability of materials.
9
1. During Check-in and Grounding: Be compassionate
Try to notice and be attuned to the energy of the group; adjust whenever is necessary.
Remind the group about the agreed upon guidelines.
Create an environment where learners feel safe and cared for.
Recognize each person in the group.
2. During the Main Activity and Sharing:Be curious
Remember that all the insights shared are valid.
If learners have a difficult time sharing, you may encourage any type of sharing or
simply just sit with them.
Meet learners where they are at; provide options and choices.
Echo back what was said by the learner and validate feelings that were expressed.
3. During the Synthesis and Closing Activity: End positively
Deliver summary and final message
Observe your learners and decide on the best way to end
Note down learners who may need extra support
End with a positive closing activity that helps the learners leave the session feeling
strong and grounded
TipsandRemindersinConductingDifferentPartsoftheActivity
Note:
Watch the Learning Session video to see a demonstration of the activity! Refer to Annex
A for the sample activity guide.
10
DRAW
ING
HEALING
Helps with
focusing,
centering, control
Excites the internal
visual processing
systemto recall
reality or create a
fantasy
Helps make
feelings visible
Helps develop
one’s internal
ability to change,
manage, or shape
things
LEARNING
Helps with
concentration, focus
Facilitates the
development of
mental
representations of
what is observed or
imagined
Develops fine & gross
motor skills
Helps with pre-math
& pre-writing skills
Helps with
communication
IMPLICATIONS
Non-verbal medium for
externalizing trauma
Creates distance
Non-threatening
medium (if person can
enjoy drawing/painting)
Engages non-verbal
communication part of
brain
The SMART-Play Table or Sensory, Mindful, and Art-based Play: A Trauma-Informed
Guide to Bridging Healing and Learning in the Classroom, is a guide for designing
activities and using the arts for teaching other subjects.
11
SMARTPlaytable© Alfonso,2017(Sim
plified)
P
AINT
ING
HEALING
Excites curiosity,
creativity
Texture gives one
the experience of
‘going with the
flow’
Promotes
relaxation
Promotes
experimentation &
problem-solving
Promotes fluidity
LEARNING
Encourages
experimentation &
curiosity
Helps develop spatial
intelligence
Helps develop the
ability for symbolic
representation
Helps with fine and
gross motor skills
Helps with pre-math
& communication
skills
IMPLICATIONS
Same as DRAWING
Non-verbal medium for
externalizing trauma
Creates distance
Non-threatening
medium (if person can
enjoy drawing/painting)
Engages non-verbal
communication part of
brain
DANCE
/MOVE
ME
NT
HEALING
Promotes body
awareness
Helps ground self
in the here & now,
or time & space
Promotes
creativity,
invention,
problem-solving,
self-regulation,
relaxation
Offers release of
endorphins
(physiological
effect)
LEARNING
Increases brain
function & learning
Increases blood
transport which
causes an increase in
oxygen in the blood,
and therefore
increase in cognitive
performance
Develops balance
Develops fine & gross
motor skills
Enhances math skills:
numbers, counting,
rhythm
IMPLICATIONS
Movements allow
students to safely re-
experience stress
sensations
Help express feelings and
sensations through the
body
Bodyis able to release
tension
12
DRAMA,T
H
E
AT
E
R,ST
OR
YT
E
LLING
HEALING
Promotes self-
expression, self-
confidence,
problem-solving
Heals through the
re-telling of one's
scary or traumatic
story
Develops the
imagination
Promotes
spontaneity &
social interaction
LEARNING
Promotes writing &
language skills
Promotes self-
expression &
creativity
Develops problem-
solving skills
IMPLICATIONS
Heightened emotions are
modulated through the
mastery of feelings at a
neurological level,
restoring executive brain
functions, building
competence
Helps body learn/re-
learn a different way of
responding to stress or
specific situations
Develops a sense of self-
agency & mastery
POE
T
R
Y
HEALING
Promotes self-
confidence
Promotes self-
expression
Helps in
identification of
feelings
LEARNING
Expands vocabulary
Enhances language
& speech
development
Promotes memory
development
Teaches various
poetic forms,
rhythms, rhymes
IMPLICATIONS
Calms and centers the
self
Externalizes the
experience
Coordinates left and right
hemispheres of the brain
Awakens executive
functions
Stimulates memory
13
SCULP
T
URE
HEALING
Encourages shaping
and reshaping (one’s
life)
Encourages multiple
perspectives
Helps with sensitivity
& control over
materials
Exposure to
experiencing sensory
things (texture,
pliability, flexibility,
etc)
Creates an
opportunity to
discover the joy of
making something out
of junk
Being messy!
Creativity
LEARNING
Helps with pre-math
skills:shapes, color
Helps with math skills:
dimensions,
measurement
Helps with pre-science
skills through the
experience of making
playdough, mixing &
measuring, pliability
and adhesion
Lessons around
recycling can be
encouraged &
developed through
making sculptures of
found objects/junk
IMPLICATIONS
Molding & shaping
wakes up the
executive functions of
the brain, where
decisions about form
need to be made;the
experience of shaping
& creating into being
evokes memories of
experiencing mastery
over something
Tactile experience
may evoke memories
in a way that is safe &
held with a
compassionate adult
14
MUSIC
HEALING
Helps de-stress &
promotes relaxation
Captures/expresses
unexpressed emotions
Enhances self-esteem
Helps one find his/her
voice
Helps with listening
Helps with
experiencing or
creating harmony
Helps with self-
regulation
LEARNING
Develops pre-math
skills:beats, counting,
sound, volume,
rhythm, patterns
Promotes language
development
Teaches concepts:
loud, soft, high, low
Helps with pattern
development &
recognition
IMPLICATIONS
Helps person get in
touch with self-
energy, a centered
place within through
sound;helping gain
mastery of feelings at
a neurobiological
level by being given
the opportunity to
make choices
Helps wake up long-
termmemories &
restore executive
brain functions
Soothes and reduces
stress reactions
15
RE
LAXAT
IONANDBRE
AT
H
INGE
XE
RCISE
S
HEALING
Centers the self
Promotes
relaxation, calm, &
balance
LEARNING
Promotes creativity &
imagination
Promotes self-
awareness
IMPLICATIONS
Creates emotional safety
Emotion regulation skills
are developed to manage
hypersensitivity or
hyperarousal
Centers person back into
the present moment
POSIT
IVEVISUALIZAT
IONACT
IVIT
IE
S
HEALING
Allows for a
positive sense of
the future & the
courage, ability to
achieve one’s
hopes and dream
Awakens the idea
of what is possible
LEARNING
Promotes creativity &
imagination
IMPLICATIONS
Develops a positive
attitude toward the future
16
PLA
Y/GAME
S
HEALING
Promotes social
interaction,
cultural exchange,
& physical activity
LEARNING
Promotes creativity &
imagination
Develops problem-
solving
Develops language
skills
Promotes
collaboration
Promotes self-
confidence & social
skills
IMPLICATIONS
Happy hormones leave us
feeling good
Helps with emotion
regulation
CONNE
CT
INGW
IT
HOT
H
E
RS&SAF
E
T
YINCOMMUNIT
Y
H
E
ALING LE
ARNING IMPLICATIONS
Develops sense of
identity
Promotes trust
Builds social skills
Promotes
independence &
collaboration
Promotes inclusion &
sense of belonging
Emotion regulation and
other skills can be
modeled fromsafe and
emotionally competent
adults
17
Caregivers are also affected by disasters and/or emergencies, which may threaten their
ability to offer safety, stability, and nurturance therefore interventions or activities
promote the well-being of caregivers should also be prioritized so they can provide the
psychosocial needs of our learners.
As a caregiver
, remember the following:
Eat well, get enough sleep and physical exercise
Do something fun or meaningful everyday
Speak up and reach out to others
Minimize substance use
Be realistic about what you can and cannot control
Identify your own signs of stress
Make time for relaxing activities
Practice gratitude
Be kind and gentle with yourself
Seek professional support when needed
Ca
ringforCa
rers
18
Ascaregivers,wehavethecapacitytohelpothersbutwe
needtota
keca
reof ourselvesfirst.Y
ourow
nwe
ll-beingis
yourresponsibility- youdeservetothriveandbehealthy!
Purpose
For learners to grow in confidence, by revisiting experiences where they were proud of
themselves and identifying their strengths from those experiences.
H
ea
lingObjective
Deepen self-awareness, appreciation for the self, and self-confidence
LearningObjective
Exercise fine motor and visual thinking skills; explore use of symbols, language, and
storytelling.
ActivityDeta
ils
LEVEL
Grade 4 - 6
T
i
m
e
40 minutes
Groupings
Large group or smaller groups depending on the size of the class and the time
available.
W
ha
tyouw
illneed
Paper
, and drawing materials (e.g., crayons, oil pastels or markers)
W
heretodothea
ctivity
Learners can workon their desk
AnnexA.
Dem
onstra
tionActivity:ConfidenceDra
w
ings
19
Directions
1.Give your learners paper and drawing materials.
2.Tell the learners that today, they will be drawing something about themselves.
3.Ask the learners to divide their paper into quadrants, or into four.
4.Ask the learners to write down these statements as titles of the following
quadrants:
a.First or top left quadrant:“Something Ilove”
b.Second or top right quadrant: “Something Ilove about myself”
c.Third or bottomleft quadrant:“Someone who loves me”
d.Fourth or bottom right quadrant: “Something Iam good at”
5.After, ask the learners to draw what corresponds to the statement in each
quadrant. For example, in the first quadrant, learners will draw something that
they love. They may draw more than one thing in each quadrant, if they feel like
doing so.
6.Give the learners ample time to finish drawing.
7.Divide the class into groups of five or six. Ask your learners to share their drawings
with the group. Remind learners that they may offer affirmations to each one who
shares in their group.
W
ra
pUpDiscussionGuide
SynthesisQuestionsa
ndP
oints
1.How often do you think about your positive qualities (things you are good at,
people who love you,etc.)?
2.How did you feel drawing about yourself and your positive qualities?
3.Ask learners to share about something new they have learned about themselves
through the activity.
20
4. How do your positive qualities/strengths help you overcome challenges in life or in
school?
5. How did you feel hearing your classmates share about themselves and their positive
qualities?
Thankthelearnersfortheirhardworkandforsharingtheirworks.
KeyMessa
ge
You are enough just the way you are. While we make space for hard feelings in our
lives, it’s good to also remember that there are many things to be proud of in our lives.
Itis good to notice all the good things about yourself, including the things you love and
the people who love you. Bringing these into awareness helps build self-confidence.
21
Understa
ndingandCom
m
unica
tingw
ithLea
rners
Understanding the emotional language of learners
Knowing the emotional language of your learners is part of being attuned to where each
of them might be - mentally, emotionally, psychologically - at any given time. This also
comes with the understanding that humans, including children, have ways of
manifesting their feelings without necessarily using words. Here are some of the ways
you may observe your learners’ expressions and how they are:
1.Facial expression. What does your learner show on his/her face? This may include
tense expressions or a lack of expressiveness.
2.Quality of speech. Do your learner’s words become disorganized? Is he/she rambling
or having a hard time getting the words out? Do his/her words seem more babyish or
regressed than usual?
3.Tone of voice. Does your learner’s voice become louder, softer, higher pitched?
4.Posture. What does your learner’s body look like? Is he/she curled up? Are his/her
fists clenched? Are his/ her muscles tense or loose? Is his/ her posture closed or
open?
5.Mood. Does your learner’s mood overtly change? Is he/she normally even-tempered
but becomes more reactive in the face of intense emotion? If so, pay attention to
signs of moodiness - it can serve as a warning that something is wrong.
6.Affect modulation capacity. Does your learner have a harder time than usual being
soothed? Does he/she start to need more comforting from you or from somebody
else? How receptive is he/she to comfort? Does this change in the face of stress?
7.Approach and avoidance. Does your learner become withdrawn or retreat? Does
he/she become overly clingy? Does he/ she seem to want to do both at the same
time?
ADDIT
IONALNOT
E
S
22
Communicating with learners about their art
Taking on the role of being a gentle companion to your learners, it is best not to assume
or interpret or give your own meaning to their works of art. Allow them the space to
freely express themselves through their art, by sharing about their own creation. The
following questions are suggested to help facilitate this process, whether via one-on-
one sessions or within a sharing group:
1. Ask about CONTENT
What is the storyof your art?
What do you see?
Does something surprise you?
What do you like about it most?
What title would you give it?
2. Ask about PROCESS
What do you feel about making your art?
What was going on in your mind while you were making this?
If the workcould speak to you, what would it say?
If you were to speak to your work, what would you say?
23
Red flags are thoughts and behaviors that may manifest deeper mental health concerns
and may need further screening or assessment by the school’s guidance counselor or a
mental health professional. As teachers and psychosocial support facilitators, you
should be mindful and observant of these thoughts and behaviors to be able to quickly
link a learner to more appropriate care; you are not expected to handle such thoughts
and behaviors by learners alone. Should you observe any of the red flags, connect and
coordinate with your school guidance designate or division guidance counselor as
needed.
Below are the usual red flags that can be manifested by learners from different age
groups:
Children ages 6-1
2
Isolate themselves and/or become quiet around friends, family, and teachers
Have nightmares or other sleep problems
Become irritable or disruptive and have outbursts of anger which often leads to
fights
Refuse to go to school and have difficulty concentrating
Complain of physical problems
Develop unfounded fears
Become depressed and become filled with guilt
Feel numb emotionally
Do poorlywith school and homework
Adolescents ages 1
2-1
7
Flashbacks to the traumatic event (flashbacks are the mind reliving the event)
Avoiding reminders of the event
Drug, alcohol, tobacco use and abuse
Antisocial behavior, i.e. disruptive, disrespectful, or destructive behavior
Physical complaints
Nightmares or other sleep problems
Isolation or confusion
Depression
Suicidal thoughts
24
Redflagstow
atchout for
References:
Doing What Matters in Times of Stress (WHO):
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003927
Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings (scroll down):
https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-task-force-mental-health-and-
psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidelines-mental-health-and-
psychosocial-support-emergency-settings-2007
Psychological First Aid Guide for Field Workers:
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548205
PFA Field Guide:
https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources/pfa_field_operations_guide.pdf
Psychosocial Interventions, or Integrated Programming for Well-Being:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.602.6744&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Community-Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Settings:
https://www.unicef.org/media/52171/file
THRiVE (Trauma-informed Healing and Resilience-building in Vulnerable
Environments through the Expressive Arts) Program (MAGIS Creative Spaces, 2016)
25

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FACILITATING LEARNING.pptx

  • 2. H a ndoutsontheConduct a ndF a cilita tionof Psychosocia l Support Activities This handout is an aid to the Learning Session on the Conduct and Facilitation of Psychosocial Support Activities, in line with the return to in-person classes for S.Y . 2022-2023. H owT oUse This handout is given prior to the live online Learning Session on the Conduct and Facilitation of Psychosocial Support Activities to provide time for participants to read, and familiarize themselves with the concepts to be discussed during the online learning session. As an aid, this handout is meant to be used to support the learning of the participants during the online session. Prepare to have a copy of this handout before attending the online Learning Session on the Conduct and Facilitation of Psychosocial Support Activities. While watching the online learning session, read the handout as the facilitators go through the discussion. The contents of this handout will be best understood with the guidance of the facilitators’ discussions during the online learning session. Feel free to write on your handouts and take down notes as you listen to the discussion. After the online learning session, you can use these handouts again as a reminder of the key concepts learned during the online session. 1
  • 3. ResilienceinChildren In the context of disasters and/or emergencies, the well-being and mental health of children are partly dependent on their resilience as this involves an individual’s capacity to face, overcome, and be strengthened or transformed by the impact of such disasters and/or emergencies. The International Resilience Project (1995) posits that there can be three (3) sources of resilience for children or factors that help children overcome adversities which can be described and expressed as follows: I H a ve The IHave factors are the external supports and resources that promote resilience in children. These factors lay the foundation for developing feelings of safety and security which is the core of developing resilience in children. The International Resilience Project emphasizes that this foundation is necessary before children can be secure in their awareness of who they are or what they can do. The IHave factors include: Trusting relationships Structure and rules at home Role models Encouragement to be autonomous Access to health, education, welfare, and security services I Am The IAm factors are feelings, attitudes, and beliefs within children; these are their internal and personal strengths. The IAm factors include being: Lovable and having an appealing temperament Loving, empathetic, and altruistic Proud of self Autonomous and responsible Filled with hope, faith, and trust I Ca n The ICan factors are children’s social and interpersonal skills which they learn through interaction with others or from others’ teaching or modeling. The ICan factors include interpersonal skills such as Communication Problem-Solving Managing feelings and impulses Gauging the temperament of self and others Seeking trusting relationships 2
  • 4. PrioritizingtheWell-beingofChildren Well-Being Is a state of health, happiness, and prosperity which we have influence over . The different types of well-being, illustrated on the right, thrive through feelings of safety, involvement and participation, and our capacity to adapt and develop. When we design our psychosocial support activities, we can consider the different types of well-being. Achild'swell-beingisinfluencedbydifferentfactorssignificantto his/herdevelopm ent Family/Caregiver are primary sources of love, care, and protection Community is a secondary source. The school, teachers, and staff have a significant role in influencing well-being Culture and Societyis a tertiarysource that affects the community, family, and child through different beliefs, practices, and resources. Risk Factors are elements that increase a child’s susceptibility to a decrease in well-being and resilience. Protective Factors are elements that reinforce a child’s healthy development, well-being, and resilience. Risksarepresentateverylevelof involvement,solet's focuson buildingandmaintainingProtectiveFactors. H owtobuilda ndm a inta inP rotectiveF a ctors? Nurture parental resilience Maintain social connections Access to child development and parenting resources Raising social and emotional competence of children 3
  • 5. PsychosocialSupportActivities One of the ways to develop resilience and nurture the mental health and well-being of children is through Psychosocial Support Activities. Specifically, psychosocial support activities are: Activities and interventions that meet the psychological and social needs of individuals, families, and communities; Provided in times of crisis to help manage normal distress and prevent mental health concerns; and Reduces the risk of vulnerability while strengthening protective factors Psychosocia lSupportActivitiesinclude: Psychoeducation and awareness raising on mental health Life and vocational skills development Recreational and creative activities Sports and physical activities Restoring family links Child-friendly spaces Community committees Cultural and traditional rituals support Support and self-help groups Psychological First Aid* *Note: As a psychosocial support activity, Psychological First Aid (PFA) is specifically applied in the context of disasters and/or emergencies or situations that may cause distress or trauma to individuals. PFA is defined as a humane, supportive response to a fellow human being who is suffering and who may need support. PFA involves: Non-intrusive practical care and support Assessing needs and concerns Helping people access basic needs (food, water, information, etc) Listening to people, but not pressuring them to talk Comforting people and helping them feel calm Helping people connect to information, services, and social supports Protecting people fromfurther harm 4
  • 6. ExpressiveArts(EXA):TheArtsforSelf-Expression One psychosocial support activity is arts. Arts are forms of play that engage children, which means that as children make art, they are able to express themselves better since play is a child’s natural language. Different art forms stimulate different parts of the brain. so; play around, experiment, and create a variety of activities to engage and have fun with children while nurturing their well-being. When playing and doing art activities, children are able to: Increase their ability to concentrate Solve problems Gain a sense of mastery Build self-confidence Release tension and reduce anxiety Communicate their ideas Express feelings that maybe difficult to talk about Develop fine and gross motor skills Develop social skills Expressive Arts can be used for the following: Healing. The arts help us understand and express feelings related to stressful experiences Learning. The arts engage us in broader learning concepts Fun. The arts foster joy and happiness You may use the SMART Play Table, seen on pages 1 1to 17, as a reference for different art modalities and their implications for healing and learning. It issimplyhumantoengageinplayandcreatebeautifulthings;noonecantake thisawayfromus.Letusgiveourselvespermissiontoplayandmakeart! Note: In order to stimulate proper brain development, socializing, and learning, focus first on establishing safety. If children do not feel safe, they will focus their attention on survival. Let children know that the classroom is a safe space and that they can approach their teachers if they need help or support. Below are some of the things you can do to make your learners feel safe: Create a routine to reduce feelings of uncertainty Take time to do breathing, mindfulness, and movement activities to soothe emotions and feel balanced Create space to talk about feelings, and only if they want to share Work with parents/family to create consistency and continuity 5
  • 7. Principles:T he7S' of Psychosocia lSupport Listed below are the 7 principles of an Expressive Arts-based Psychosocial Support. 1.Safety. Emotional and physical safety are essential for healing to take place; this builds trust and creates an environment where self-reflection and self-expression become possible. 2.Self-awareness. In school, at various age groups, there is a growing self-awareness of one’s body, separateness from others, and ability to express needs and preferences. Through specific activities, this growing knowledge of self serves as a building block for gaining more complex developmental skills such as problem-solving and self- regulation, which can lead to health, stability, resilience, and confidence. 3.Self-expression. The process of identifying feelings and sharing this both verbally and non-verbally, in the presence of a caring adult who is attentive to both the learner and the creative process, is fundamentally what psychosocial support work in the classroom is about. 4.Self-regulation. This is the ability to manage one’s emotions. Since the mind and body are interconnected, this skill is key to achieving a sense of equilibrium mentally, physically, and emotionally. Since the mind and body are intricately connected, one’s ability to manage strong emotions is key to healthy daily functioning. 5.Problem solving. This critical life skill can be learned through any process that involves art making. It can begin with resolving the simple dilemma between choosing blue or green to color, or deciding what colors to mix to make a new color, or deciding on one’s own specific rhythm or beat in a song or a dance sequence. 6.Self-confidence. A strong sense of self-esteem and self-confidence is essential to experiencing success in school and in finding one’s way through adversity, and art- based activities can help encourage children to reflect on, identify, and express their strengths and values. As a stabilizing factor, the school or any child-friendly space that builds on children’s strengths become healing spaces particularly for children who do not receive affirmation in other aspects of their lives. 7.Self-compassion. When children receive empathy in times of distress, they learn how to demonstrate this towards themselves and others as well. Caring adults who model compassion and empathy indirectly teach children how to show this to others in times of difficulty. These activities that involve the facilitation of a trustworthy adult as well as interactions with others promote the development of empathy and appreciation for differences and unique abilities, talents, and ways of coping. 6
  • 8. Age or grade level of learners What is most appropriate for them given their age or grade level? Skills and abilities What are they capable of doing on their own? What tasks would they still need some assistance with? Interests What are most of them into these days? How can elements of these be possibly integrated into the activities to encourage more engagement? Cultural and religious background What are important things most of them consider sacred? How should some themes be approached given their cultural and/or religious beliefs and traditions? Time and materials available How much time exactly can weallot for the entire activity? What existing materials are already available? What are cost-efficient materials that can easily be sourced? What are some alternative materials we can consider using? 7 Conductinga ndF a cilitatingE XA-ba sedPsychosocia l Support Activities Some basic considerations in conducting psychosocial support activities in the classroom include the following: ActivityF low Beginning 1.P repa ra tionof physica la ndem otiona lspa ce 2.Greetings 3.Check-in/Kum usta ha n 4.Discussionof Guidelines Middle 1 .E nergizerorgroundinga ctivity 2.Ma ina ctivity End 1.Sharing 2.Synthesis 3.Closing
  • 9. Spa ceP repa ra tion Emotional Space 8 This allows both the teachers and learners the freedom to explore during the session, and the assurance of safety and confidentiality throughout the activities. Creating Emotional Space will usually require the teacher or facilitator to: Establish boundaries Establish a routine Be observant of how the learners are feeling, and respond with appropriate activities Communicate in a way that affirms the creative process and supports the emotional safety of the space Physical Space The physical frame around the relationships between teachers, learners, and art is the classroom or the learning space. It is necessary to establish this frame to offer the learners the physical and emotional safety to play, discover, and learn, and to contain overwhelming and chaotic feelings. This frame constitutes the physical and psychological conditions within which healing becomes possible. This involves preparation of materials and deciding on the physical set-up of the classroom or venue where psychosocial support session is to be conducted. This allows for a smooth flow of activities and decreases interruptions while said activities are ongoing. It is most important to consider that learners feel a sense of order and are invited to engage fully in the activities given the set-up.
  • 10. The following diagrams are suggestions on how to go about the set-up that may be applied to classrooms depending on the activity design, availability of space, and availability of materials. 9
  • 11. 1. During Check-in and Grounding: Be compassionate Try to notice and be attuned to the energy of the group; adjust whenever is necessary. Remind the group about the agreed upon guidelines. Create an environment where learners feel safe and cared for. Recognize each person in the group. 2. During the Main Activity and Sharing:Be curious Remember that all the insights shared are valid. If learners have a difficult time sharing, you may encourage any type of sharing or simply just sit with them. Meet learners where they are at; provide options and choices. Echo back what was said by the learner and validate feelings that were expressed. 3. During the Synthesis and Closing Activity: End positively Deliver summary and final message Observe your learners and decide on the best way to end Note down learners who may need extra support End with a positive closing activity that helps the learners leave the session feeling strong and grounded TipsandRemindersinConductingDifferentPartsoftheActivity Note: Watch the Learning Session video to see a demonstration of the activity! Refer to Annex A for the sample activity guide. 10
  • 12. DRAW ING HEALING Helps with focusing, centering, control Excites the internal visual processing systemto recall reality or create a fantasy Helps make feelings visible Helps develop one’s internal ability to change, manage, or shape things LEARNING Helps with concentration, focus Facilitates the development of mental representations of what is observed or imagined Develops fine & gross motor skills Helps with pre-math & pre-writing skills Helps with communication IMPLICATIONS Non-verbal medium for externalizing trauma Creates distance Non-threatening medium (if person can enjoy drawing/painting) Engages non-verbal communication part of brain The SMART-Play Table or Sensory, Mindful, and Art-based Play: A Trauma-Informed Guide to Bridging Healing and Learning in the Classroom, is a guide for designing activities and using the arts for teaching other subjects. 11 SMARTPlaytable© Alfonso,2017(Sim plified)
  • 13. P AINT ING HEALING Excites curiosity, creativity Texture gives one the experience of ‘going with the flow’ Promotes relaxation Promotes experimentation & problem-solving Promotes fluidity LEARNING Encourages experimentation & curiosity Helps develop spatial intelligence Helps develop the ability for symbolic representation Helps with fine and gross motor skills Helps with pre-math & communication skills IMPLICATIONS Same as DRAWING Non-verbal medium for externalizing trauma Creates distance Non-threatening medium (if person can enjoy drawing/painting) Engages non-verbal communication part of brain DANCE /MOVE ME NT HEALING Promotes body awareness Helps ground self in the here & now, or time & space Promotes creativity, invention, problem-solving, self-regulation, relaxation Offers release of endorphins (physiological effect) LEARNING Increases brain function & learning Increases blood transport which causes an increase in oxygen in the blood, and therefore increase in cognitive performance Develops balance Develops fine & gross motor skills Enhances math skills: numbers, counting, rhythm IMPLICATIONS Movements allow students to safely re- experience stress sensations Help express feelings and sensations through the body Bodyis able to release tension 12
  • 14. DRAMA,T H E AT E R,ST OR YT E LLING HEALING Promotes self- expression, self- confidence, problem-solving Heals through the re-telling of one's scary or traumatic story Develops the imagination Promotes spontaneity & social interaction LEARNING Promotes writing & language skills Promotes self- expression & creativity Develops problem- solving skills IMPLICATIONS Heightened emotions are modulated through the mastery of feelings at a neurological level, restoring executive brain functions, building competence Helps body learn/re- learn a different way of responding to stress or specific situations Develops a sense of self- agency & mastery POE T R Y HEALING Promotes self- confidence Promotes self- expression Helps in identification of feelings LEARNING Expands vocabulary Enhances language & speech development Promotes memory development Teaches various poetic forms, rhythms, rhymes IMPLICATIONS Calms and centers the self Externalizes the experience Coordinates left and right hemispheres of the brain Awakens executive functions Stimulates memory 13
  • 15. SCULP T URE HEALING Encourages shaping and reshaping (one’s life) Encourages multiple perspectives Helps with sensitivity & control over materials Exposure to experiencing sensory things (texture, pliability, flexibility, etc) Creates an opportunity to discover the joy of making something out of junk Being messy! Creativity LEARNING Helps with pre-math skills:shapes, color Helps with math skills: dimensions, measurement Helps with pre-science skills through the experience of making playdough, mixing & measuring, pliability and adhesion Lessons around recycling can be encouraged & developed through making sculptures of found objects/junk IMPLICATIONS Molding & shaping wakes up the executive functions of the brain, where decisions about form need to be made;the experience of shaping & creating into being evokes memories of experiencing mastery over something Tactile experience may evoke memories in a way that is safe & held with a compassionate adult 14
  • 16. MUSIC HEALING Helps de-stress & promotes relaxation Captures/expresses unexpressed emotions Enhances self-esteem Helps one find his/her voice Helps with listening Helps with experiencing or creating harmony Helps with self- regulation LEARNING Develops pre-math skills:beats, counting, sound, volume, rhythm, patterns Promotes language development Teaches concepts: loud, soft, high, low Helps with pattern development & recognition IMPLICATIONS Helps person get in touch with self- energy, a centered place within through sound;helping gain mastery of feelings at a neurobiological level by being given the opportunity to make choices Helps wake up long- termmemories & restore executive brain functions Soothes and reduces stress reactions 15
  • 17. RE LAXAT IONANDBRE AT H INGE XE RCISE S HEALING Centers the self Promotes relaxation, calm, & balance LEARNING Promotes creativity & imagination Promotes self- awareness IMPLICATIONS Creates emotional safety Emotion regulation skills are developed to manage hypersensitivity or hyperarousal Centers person back into the present moment POSIT IVEVISUALIZAT IONACT IVIT IE S HEALING Allows for a positive sense of the future & the courage, ability to achieve one’s hopes and dream Awakens the idea of what is possible LEARNING Promotes creativity & imagination IMPLICATIONS Develops a positive attitude toward the future 16
  • 18. PLA Y/GAME S HEALING Promotes social interaction, cultural exchange, & physical activity LEARNING Promotes creativity & imagination Develops problem- solving Develops language skills Promotes collaboration Promotes self- confidence & social skills IMPLICATIONS Happy hormones leave us feeling good Helps with emotion regulation CONNE CT INGW IT HOT H E RS&SAF E T YINCOMMUNIT Y H E ALING LE ARNING IMPLICATIONS Develops sense of identity Promotes trust Builds social skills Promotes independence & collaboration Promotes inclusion & sense of belonging Emotion regulation and other skills can be modeled fromsafe and emotionally competent adults 17
  • 19. Caregivers are also affected by disasters and/or emergencies, which may threaten their ability to offer safety, stability, and nurturance therefore interventions or activities promote the well-being of caregivers should also be prioritized so they can provide the psychosocial needs of our learners. As a caregiver , remember the following: Eat well, get enough sleep and physical exercise Do something fun or meaningful everyday Speak up and reach out to others Minimize substance use Be realistic about what you can and cannot control Identify your own signs of stress Make time for relaxing activities Practice gratitude Be kind and gentle with yourself Seek professional support when needed Ca ringforCa rers 18 Ascaregivers,wehavethecapacitytohelpothersbutwe needtota keca reof ourselvesfirst.Y ourow nwe ll-beingis yourresponsibility- youdeservetothriveandbehealthy!
  • 20. Purpose For learners to grow in confidence, by revisiting experiences where they were proud of themselves and identifying their strengths from those experiences. H ea lingObjective Deepen self-awareness, appreciation for the self, and self-confidence LearningObjective Exercise fine motor and visual thinking skills; explore use of symbols, language, and storytelling. ActivityDeta ils LEVEL Grade 4 - 6 T i m e 40 minutes Groupings Large group or smaller groups depending on the size of the class and the time available. W ha tyouw illneed Paper , and drawing materials (e.g., crayons, oil pastels or markers) W heretodothea ctivity Learners can workon their desk AnnexA. Dem onstra tionActivity:ConfidenceDra w ings 19
  • 21. Directions 1.Give your learners paper and drawing materials. 2.Tell the learners that today, they will be drawing something about themselves. 3.Ask the learners to divide their paper into quadrants, or into four. 4.Ask the learners to write down these statements as titles of the following quadrants: a.First or top left quadrant:“Something Ilove” b.Second or top right quadrant: “Something Ilove about myself” c.Third or bottomleft quadrant:“Someone who loves me” d.Fourth or bottom right quadrant: “Something Iam good at” 5.After, ask the learners to draw what corresponds to the statement in each quadrant. For example, in the first quadrant, learners will draw something that they love. They may draw more than one thing in each quadrant, if they feel like doing so. 6.Give the learners ample time to finish drawing. 7.Divide the class into groups of five or six. Ask your learners to share their drawings with the group. Remind learners that they may offer affirmations to each one who shares in their group. W ra pUpDiscussionGuide SynthesisQuestionsa ndP oints 1.How often do you think about your positive qualities (things you are good at, people who love you,etc.)? 2.How did you feel drawing about yourself and your positive qualities? 3.Ask learners to share about something new they have learned about themselves through the activity. 20
  • 22. 4. How do your positive qualities/strengths help you overcome challenges in life or in school? 5. How did you feel hearing your classmates share about themselves and their positive qualities? Thankthelearnersfortheirhardworkandforsharingtheirworks. KeyMessa ge You are enough just the way you are. While we make space for hard feelings in our lives, it’s good to also remember that there are many things to be proud of in our lives. Itis good to notice all the good things about yourself, including the things you love and the people who love you. Bringing these into awareness helps build self-confidence. 21
  • 23. Understa ndingandCom m unica tingw ithLea rners Understanding the emotional language of learners Knowing the emotional language of your learners is part of being attuned to where each of them might be - mentally, emotionally, psychologically - at any given time. This also comes with the understanding that humans, including children, have ways of manifesting their feelings without necessarily using words. Here are some of the ways you may observe your learners’ expressions and how they are: 1.Facial expression. What does your learner show on his/her face? This may include tense expressions or a lack of expressiveness. 2.Quality of speech. Do your learner’s words become disorganized? Is he/she rambling or having a hard time getting the words out? Do his/her words seem more babyish or regressed than usual? 3.Tone of voice. Does your learner’s voice become louder, softer, higher pitched? 4.Posture. What does your learner’s body look like? Is he/she curled up? Are his/her fists clenched? Are his/ her muscles tense or loose? Is his/ her posture closed or open? 5.Mood. Does your learner’s mood overtly change? Is he/she normally even-tempered but becomes more reactive in the face of intense emotion? If so, pay attention to signs of moodiness - it can serve as a warning that something is wrong. 6.Affect modulation capacity. Does your learner have a harder time than usual being soothed? Does he/she start to need more comforting from you or from somebody else? How receptive is he/she to comfort? Does this change in the face of stress? 7.Approach and avoidance. Does your learner become withdrawn or retreat? Does he/she become overly clingy? Does he/ she seem to want to do both at the same time? ADDIT IONALNOT E S 22
  • 24. Communicating with learners about their art Taking on the role of being a gentle companion to your learners, it is best not to assume or interpret or give your own meaning to their works of art. Allow them the space to freely express themselves through their art, by sharing about their own creation. The following questions are suggested to help facilitate this process, whether via one-on- one sessions or within a sharing group: 1. Ask about CONTENT What is the storyof your art? What do you see? Does something surprise you? What do you like about it most? What title would you give it? 2. Ask about PROCESS What do you feel about making your art? What was going on in your mind while you were making this? If the workcould speak to you, what would it say? If you were to speak to your work, what would you say? 23
  • 25. Red flags are thoughts and behaviors that may manifest deeper mental health concerns and may need further screening or assessment by the school’s guidance counselor or a mental health professional. As teachers and psychosocial support facilitators, you should be mindful and observant of these thoughts and behaviors to be able to quickly link a learner to more appropriate care; you are not expected to handle such thoughts and behaviors by learners alone. Should you observe any of the red flags, connect and coordinate with your school guidance designate or division guidance counselor as needed. Below are the usual red flags that can be manifested by learners from different age groups: Children ages 6-1 2 Isolate themselves and/or become quiet around friends, family, and teachers Have nightmares or other sleep problems Become irritable or disruptive and have outbursts of anger which often leads to fights Refuse to go to school and have difficulty concentrating Complain of physical problems Develop unfounded fears Become depressed and become filled with guilt Feel numb emotionally Do poorlywith school and homework Adolescents ages 1 2-1 7 Flashbacks to the traumatic event (flashbacks are the mind reliving the event) Avoiding reminders of the event Drug, alcohol, tobacco use and abuse Antisocial behavior, i.e. disruptive, disrespectful, or destructive behavior Physical complaints Nightmares or other sleep problems Isolation or confusion Depression Suicidal thoughts 24 Redflagstow atchout for
  • 26. References: Doing What Matters in Times of Stress (WHO): https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003927 Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings (scroll down): https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-task-force-mental-health-and- psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidelines-mental-health-and- psychosocial-support-emergency-settings-2007 Psychological First Aid Guide for Field Workers: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548205 PFA Field Guide: https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources/pfa_field_operations_guide.pdf Psychosocial Interventions, or Integrated Programming for Well-Being: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10.1.1.602.6744&rep=rep1&type=pdf Community-Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Settings: https://www.unicef.org/media/52171/file THRiVE (Trauma-informed Healing and Resilience-building in Vulnerable Environments through the Expressive Arts) Program (MAGIS Creative Spaces, 2016) 25