Tides are the rising and falling of ocean water caused by gravitational forces from the Moon and Sun. They occur in cycles called tidal stages including flood tide, high tide, ebb tide, and low tide. Tides can be semidiurnal, with two high and two low tides per day, or diurnal with one cycle per day. Ocean currents are directed flows of ocean water driven by forces like the Earth's rotation, wind, temperature/salinity differences, and lunar gravity. They transport heat and influence continental climates.
The document summarizes various IRPCS rules regarding lookouts, determining risk of collision, right of way, crossing traffic separation schemes, sound signals, and lights and shapes for different types of vessels. Key rules include maintaining a proper lookout, assessing risk of collision based on constant bearing, giving way to vessels on the starboard side or less maneuverable vessels, obeying right of way in traffic lanes, and using proper lights and sound signals depending on vessel size and conditions.
The document describes the design of an ROV called Jenny to collect data beneath the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Jenny is a scale model that meets all requirements, including dimensions of less than 58cm x 40cm x 30cm and a mass of less than 15kg. It has a PVC frame, thrusters, buoyancy components, and a camera. Testing showed it has an average speed of 0.595m/s and is neutrally buoyant and stable. Calculations are provided for a full-scale version with dimensions of 1.23m x 0.78m x 0.73m and a top speed of 0.483m/s. Recommendations include additions like a camera housing
The document discusses buoyage and lighting systems used to mark navigational hazards and channels. It provides details on:
1) The IALA system of buoyage where red buoys mark the port side when entering harbor and directions of buoyage are indicated on charts.
2) The types of cardinal and lateral boundary markers including their shapes, colors and light patterns to indicate direction.
3) Other special purpose buoys like safe water marks, isolated danger marks and their distinctive lights and shapes.
4) Common abbreviations used on charts to describe light characteristics like color, flash pattern, range and more.
1) The document discusses Part C Rules 20-31 of the navigational light layouts that ships use at sea.
2) It provides examples of what various ship configurations would look like at night based on their navigation light positioning.
3) For each example, the reader is instructed to identify what action they would take if the ship in the example was on a steady bearing relative to their own ship, represented by the grey mast.
1. The document discusses advanced surveying equipment that provide more precise and faster surveying compared to traditional methods. It describes the Electronic Distance Meter (EDM), microoptic theodolite, electronic/digital theodolite, and total station.
2. An EDM measures distance using the phase difference between a transmitted and reflected wave. A microoptic theodolite and electronic theodolite are used to measure angles precisely.
3. A total station integrates EDM and theodolite functions to allow simultaneous distance and angle measurements for surveying tasks such as setting out buildings, contour mapping, and more.
This document provides an overview of differential GPS (DGPS) and its history. It explains that DGPS uses fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast corrections to improve GPS accuracy from 15 meters to about 10 cm. Selective availability was introduced by the US military to degrade civilian GPS but was turned off in 2000. DGPS was developed as a solution, broadcasting corrections to offset errors and allow 5 meter accuracy, meeting most civilian needs. It has expanded to cover many waterways through systems like the US Coast Guard's National DGPS.
Tides are the rising and falling of ocean water caused by gravitational forces from the Moon and Sun. They occur in cycles called tidal stages including flood tide, high tide, ebb tide, and low tide. Tides can be semidiurnal, with two high and two low tides per day, or diurnal with one cycle per day. Ocean currents are directed flows of ocean water driven by forces like the Earth's rotation, wind, temperature/salinity differences, and lunar gravity. They transport heat and influence continental climates.
The document summarizes various IRPCS rules regarding lookouts, determining risk of collision, right of way, crossing traffic separation schemes, sound signals, and lights and shapes for different types of vessels. Key rules include maintaining a proper lookout, assessing risk of collision based on constant bearing, giving way to vessels on the starboard side or less maneuverable vessels, obeying right of way in traffic lanes, and using proper lights and sound signals depending on vessel size and conditions.
The document describes the design of an ROV called Jenny to collect data beneath the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Jenny is a scale model that meets all requirements, including dimensions of less than 58cm x 40cm x 30cm and a mass of less than 15kg. It has a PVC frame, thrusters, buoyancy components, and a camera. Testing showed it has an average speed of 0.595m/s and is neutrally buoyant and stable. Calculations are provided for a full-scale version with dimensions of 1.23m x 0.78m x 0.73m and a top speed of 0.483m/s. Recommendations include additions like a camera housing
The document discusses buoyage and lighting systems used to mark navigational hazards and channels. It provides details on:
1) The IALA system of buoyage where red buoys mark the port side when entering harbor and directions of buoyage are indicated on charts.
2) The types of cardinal and lateral boundary markers including their shapes, colors and light patterns to indicate direction.
3) Other special purpose buoys like safe water marks, isolated danger marks and their distinctive lights and shapes.
4) Common abbreviations used on charts to describe light characteristics like color, flash pattern, range and more.
1) The document discusses Part C Rules 20-31 of the navigational light layouts that ships use at sea.
2) It provides examples of what various ship configurations would look like at night based on their navigation light positioning.
3) For each example, the reader is instructed to identify what action they would take if the ship in the example was on a steady bearing relative to their own ship, represented by the grey mast.
1. The document discusses advanced surveying equipment that provide more precise and faster surveying compared to traditional methods. It describes the Electronic Distance Meter (EDM), microoptic theodolite, electronic/digital theodolite, and total station.
2. An EDM measures distance using the phase difference between a transmitted and reflected wave. A microoptic theodolite and electronic theodolite are used to measure angles precisely.
3. A total station integrates EDM and theodolite functions to allow simultaneous distance and angle measurements for surveying tasks such as setting out buildings, contour mapping, and more.
This document provides an overview of differential GPS (DGPS) and its history. It explains that DGPS uses fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast corrections to improve GPS accuracy from 15 meters to about 10 cm. Selective availability was introduced by the US military to degrade civilian GPS but was turned off in 2000. DGPS was developed as a solution, broadcasting corrections to offset errors and allow 5 meter accuracy, meeting most civilian needs. It has expanded to cover many waterways through systems like the US Coast Guard's National DGPS.
1. Navigering
Sjøkartet – del 1
generelt, nivå og linjer
Symboler og forkortelser i norske sjøkart
Den Norske los bind 1, kapittel 1
2. Generelt om
sjøkart
• Publikasjonen Symboler og
forkortelser i norske sjøkart
inneholder ALT man kan finne i norske
kart.
• Vi går kun gjennom de mest vanlige
3.
4. Denne er svært lur! Enkel måte å
finne aktuelle endringer og
rettelser siden kartet ble printet!
9. Høyvannslinjen:
overgangen mellom
vann og tørt land,
markert med en
kraftig heltrukken
linje. Betegner
vannstanden ved
høyvann.
Høyvannslinjen
gjelder middel
høyvann.
10. Navigering
Sjøkartet – del 2
detaljer i kartet
Symboler og forkortelser i norske sjøkart
Den Norske los bind 1, kapittel 1
21. Oppsummering
• Kartnull, referansenivåer for høyder og dybder
• Dybde- og høydekonturer, forskjellige områder
• Grunner, skjær, skvalpeskjær
• Kabler, rørledninger
• Broer og luftspenn
• Symboler og forkortelser i norske sjøkart!!!
Editor's Notes
Se på generell info som man vil finne i alle kart. Hva betyr det???
Snakk om kvalitet på kildedata og sjømålinger
Loddskudd, dybder, høyder, linjer, koter. Overalt i kartet finnes dybdeangivelser (loddskudd), i trafikkert farvann og i leier står de tett, mens et stykke ut fra kysten er de forholdsvis spredd. I norske kart brukes meter, mens i en del engelske gamle kart kan man finne favner.
Referansenivåer, kartnull, LAT, HAT, friseilingshøyde
Friseilingshøyde, skissert og i eksempler fra Sotrabruen
Tørrfall, dybdekoter, ankerplass, seilingsled
Forkortelser som beskriver hva slags bunntype det er. Viktig for fiske, ankring m.m
