Laura Mulvey argues that in narrative cinema, women are typically portrayed as objects of the male gaze. Women are styled and displayed for their visual and erotic impact, meant to signify and play to male desire. While the presence of women enhances spectacle, it can also freeze the action and flow of the narrative by provoking erotic contemplation of the male characters and spectators. Traditionally, women on screen function as erotic objects for both the characters within the story and the spectators watching.
Nella mia presentazione ho esaminato lo sviluppo della Pop Art americana, la sua nascita e la sua indiretta critica verso l’insidioso mondo della cultura di massa.
Il percorso inizialmente introduce il concetto di massificazione, le sue principali cause e il suo diffondersi all’interno della popolazione. In seguito ho analizzato le principali caratteristiche dell’opera Pop, come i suoi toni sgargianti, i suoi temi rivoluzionari e il linguaggio diretto e incisivo, elementi che diverranno identificativi di una delle correnti d’avanguardia più innovative del X secolo. Ulteriore approfondimento sarà dedicato al prodotto di consumo, nuovo oggetto di desiderio per la società americana, ma soprattutto nuovo soggetto dell’opera Pop.
Infine ho esaminato le incongruenze e le banalità che risiedono nel consumismo: ne è un esempio l’aumento di valore di un articolo di supermercato firmato da un artista Pop. La presentazione è inoltre accompagnata da alcune delle opere dei più importanti artisti della Pop Art americana quali Roy Lichtenstein, Oldenburg, Segal e Andy Warhol.
História da fotografia - Pioneiros e suas Contribuiçõesisisnogueira
O presente trabalho foi um Seminário sobre História da fotografia, pioneiros e suas contribuições e evolução das câmeras fotográficas, feito por Isis Nogueira aluna do Curso de Comunicação Social - Habilitação em Jornalismo da UNIBAHIA.Faculdades Integradas Ipitanga.
site:http://isisnogueiras.blogspot.com/
Nella mia presentazione ho esaminato lo sviluppo della Pop Art americana, la sua nascita e la sua indiretta critica verso l’insidioso mondo della cultura di massa.
Il percorso inizialmente introduce il concetto di massificazione, le sue principali cause e il suo diffondersi all’interno della popolazione. In seguito ho analizzato le principali caratteristiche dell’opera Pop, come i suoi toni sgargianti, i suoi temi rivoluzionari e il linguaggio diretto e incisivo, elementi che diverranno identificativi di una delle correnti d’avanguardia più innovative del X secolo. Ulteriore approfondimento sarà dedicato al prodotto di consumo, nuovo oggetto di desiderio per la società americana, ma soprattutto nuovo soggetto dell’opera Pop.
Infine ho esaminato le incongruenze e le banalità che risiedono nel consumismo: ne è un esempio l’aumento di valore di un articolo di supermercato firmato da un artista Pop. La presentazione è inoltre accompagnata da alcune delle opere dei più importanti artisti della Pop Art americana quali Roy Lichtenstein, Oldenburg, Segal e Andy Warhol.
História da fotografia - Pioneiros e suas Contribuiçõesisisnogueira
O presente trabalho foi um Seminário sobre História da fotografia, pioneiros e suas contribuições e evolução das câmeras fotográficas, feito por Isis Nogueira aluna do Curso de Comunicação Social - Habilitação em Jornalismo da UNIBAHIA.Faculdades Integradas Ipitanga.
site:http://isisnogueiras.blogspot.com/
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Hollywood Film Analysis
The classic Hollywood movie was dominated by a misogynistic view of sex and gender. The Hollywood film rose rapidly as one of the highest earning industries in America in the early twentieth century. As a result of the traditional patriarchal society of the era it was the men who owned the studios, the men who wrote the scripts, the men who worked behind the scenes, and the men who held the leading roles that dominated the industry. In this paper, I will discuss in brief my experience in viewing the short film by Tracy Moffatt (2003). Second, examine the feminist theories of Mulvey (1975) that provide a psychoanalysis of the male gaze and how these views of sex and gender were placed in the movie. Finally, I will provide a counter...show more content...The criteria of this theory examined how women s roles were perceived, were they passive or active, did they receive adequate screen time and were their roles stereotypical of the female genre, did the roles reinforce sexism . In addition, in its infancy, this theory examined the meaning of the text and what affects they had on the audience and the primary focus on the male gaze and spectatorship .
Moreover, Laura Mulvey s essay, Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975), Mulvey applied the psychoanalysis theories of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan and combined them with feminist theory to analyse the woman s role in film. Mulvey argues that women play roles that are passive and women are only used as a visual pleasure to accompany the male actor , that is to say, the woman s role is to highlight the patriarchal order of the male, hence the woman is objectified and exploited . According to Mul
1. Extract from Laura Mulvey’s ‘Visual Pleasure & Narrative Cinema’ (1975; Original published in Screen 16.3 1975)
III. Woman as Image, Man as Bearer of the Look
A. In a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure in looking has been split
between active/male and passive/female. The determining male gaze projects its
phantasy on to the female form which is styled accordingly. In their traditional
exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their
appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to
connote to-be-looked-at-ness. Woman displayed as sexual object is the leit-motif of
erotic spectacle: from pin-ups to striptease, from Ziegfeld to Busby Berkeley, she
holds the look, plays to and signifies male desire. Mainstream film neatly combined
spectacie and narrative. (Note, however, how the musical song-and-dance numbers
break the flow of the diegesis.) The presence of woman is an indispensable element
of spectacle in normal narrative film, , yet her visual presence tends to work against
the development of a story line, to freeze the flow of action in moments of erotic
contemplation. This alien presence then has to be integrated into cohesion with the
narrative. As Budd Boetticher has put it:
"What counts is what the heroine provokes, or rather what she represents. She is the
one, or rather the love or fear she inspires in the hero, or else the concern he feels
for her, who makes him act the way he does. In herself the woman has not the
slightest importance."
(A recent tendency in narrative film has been to dispense with this problem
altogether; hence the development of what Molly Haskell has called the 'buddy
movie,' in which the active homosexual eroticism of the central male figures can
carry the story without distraction.) Traditionally, the woman displayed has
functioned on two levels: as erotic object for the characters within the screen story,
2. and as erotic object for the spectator within the auditorium, with a shifting tension
between the looks on either side of the screen. For instance, the device of the showgirl
allows the two looks to be unified technically without any apparent break in the
diegesis. A woman performs within the narrative, the gaze of the spectator and that
of the male characters in the film are neatly combined without breaking narrative
verisimilitude. For a moment the sexual impact of the performing woman takes the
film into a no-man's-land outside its own time and space. Thus Marilyn Monroe's first
appearance in The River of No Return and Lauren Bacall's songs in To Have or Have
Not. Similarly, conventional close-ups of legs (Dietrich, for instance) or a face
(Garbo) integrate into the narrative a different mode of eroticism. One part of a
fragmented body destroys the Renaissance space, the illusion of depth demanded by
the narrative, it gives flatness,