Explain why membranes are semifluid and describe how membrane compos.pdf
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Explain why membranes are semifluid and describe how membrane composition can affect fluidity? What are other factors that affect Fluidity? Solution Membranes are composed of both type of fatty acid(unsaturated and saturated) unsaturated fatty acid always tend to be liquid state, where as saturated fatty acid tend to take a gel state, and the proteins in plasma membrane are also water soluble, so membrane takes a gel like semi fluid state always & its also important for membrane as membrane fluidity confers the transportation of several molecules important for cell. Semifluid nature also helps the cell to be more elastic type. if membrane has a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids then it takes a liquid or fluidic stage and if membrane has a high percentage of saturated fatty acid then it takes a semi solid gel like structure. Cholesterol in the membrane makes a membrane less fluid gel like substance.The other factors that affects fluidity are 1. Temperature 2.polarity 3.pH 4.protein present in the membrane.
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What are the two main points of the fluid mosaic modelWhat affect.pdf
What are the two main points of the fluid mosaic model?
What affects fluidity of the plasma membrane? Why is fluidity important?
Describe the 6 functions of membrane proteins.
Which two aspects of a membrane confer selective permeability?
Compare channel and carrier proteins. Can channel proteins participate in active transport?
Solution
Fluid mosaic model was proposed by Singer and Nicolson to explain the selective permeability
of the plasma membrane. According to it, plasma membrane is a mosaic of phospholipids,
cholesterol and proteins. The proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. THe
phospholipids have hydrophobic tail end and hydrophilic head.
The mosaic nature of the plasma membrane helps it to be fluid. The fluidity is interrupted by
occasional membrane proteins. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids also contribute to
the fluidity of the membrane. Unsaturated fatty acids \"kinks\" help the membrane to be fluid at
low temperatures. Cholesterol also helps to keep the membrane in a uniform state of fluidity.
Functions of membrane proteins include
The size of the pores and hydrophilic/hydrophobicity prevents or allows the permeability of most
of the molecules. the other important aspect which confer selective permeability to the cell is the
membrane proteins
Channel proteins are lipoproteins, while carrier proteins are glycoproteins.
Carrier proteins can transport molecules or ions against the concentration gradient, while channel
protein cannot.
Carrier proteins move across the membrane, whereas channel proteins do not move while
transporting molecules or ions.
Carrier proteins can mediate both active and passive transport, while channel proteins can
mediate only passive transport.
The current model of cellular membranes is called PB and J sandwich.pdf
The current model of cellular membranes is called PB and J sandwich molecular mosaic fluid
mosaic plasma membrane Which characteristic apply to the phospholipid membrane? It is
primarily a hydrophobic bilayer. Phospholipids are amphipathic Proteins are imbedded within
the phospholipids. The imbedded molecules can move freely within the membrane All are
important characteristics of the Cholesterol molecules in the membrane act to modulate
temperature dependent viscosity and fluidity of the membrane. moderate the effects of a high fat
diet promote fluidity in the membrane. allow for better membrane compaction and integrity.
allow transport across the membrane. One important feature of membranes in the
endomembrane system is that they can move freely from cell to cell. freely bleb off of and then
onto other components of this network. they contain small pieces of independently replicating
DNA. they move from the trans side of the membrane to the cis side. t
Solution
1. Fluid mosaic model.
Fluid mosaic model for plasma membrane proposed by Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson is
universally acceoted model for plasma membrane.
2. All are important characteristics.
Phospholipid molecules are hydrophobic and amphipathic. Which means that posess polar head
and non polar tails.
Some of the protien molecules are embedded in the phospholipid layer and these moelcules are
free to move due to fluid nature of plasma membrane.
3. Allows better membrane compaction and integrity.
Cholesterol is an amphipathic molecule like phospholipids. It contains a hydrophilic and a
hydrophobic portion. Cholesterol\'s hydroxyl (OH) group aligns with the phosphate heads of the
phospholipids. The remaining portion of it tucks into the fatty acid portion of the membrane.
Because of the way cholesterol is shaped, part of the steroid ring (the four hydrocarbon rings in
between the hydroxyl group and the hydrocarbon \"tail\") is closely attracted to part of the fatty
acid chain on the nearest phospholipid. This helps slightly immobilize the outer surface of the
membrane and make it less soluble to very small water-soluble molecules that could otherwise
pass through more easily.
4. They contain transport enzymes..
Recommended
What are the two main points of the fluid mosaic modelWhat affect.pdf
What are the two main points of the fluid mosaic model?
What affects fluidity of the plasma membrane? Why is fluidity important?
Describe the 6 functions of membrane proteins.
Which two aspects of a membrane confer selective permeability?
Compare channel and carrier proteins. Can channel proteins participate in active transport?
Solution
Fluid mosaic model was proposed by Singer and Nicolson to explain the selective permeability
of the plasma membrane. According to it, plasma membrane is a mosaic of phospholipids,
cholesterol and proteins. The proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. THe
phospholipids have hydrophobic tail end and hydrophilic head.
The mosaic nature of the plasma membrane helps it to be fluid. The fluidity is interrupted by
occasional membrane proteins. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids also contribute to
the fluidity of the membrane. Unsaturated fatty acids \"kinks\" help the membrane to be fluid at
low temperatures. Cholesterol also helps to keep the membrane in a uniform state of fluidity.
Functions of membrane proteins include
The size of the pores and hydrophilic/hydrophobicity prevents or allows the permeability of most
of the molecules. the other important aspect which confer selective permeability to the cell is the
membrane proteins
Channel proteins are lipoproteins, while carrier proteins are glycoproteins.
Carrier proteins can transport molecules or ions against the concentration gradient, while channel
protein cannot.
Carrier proteins move across the membrane, whereas channel proteins do not move while
transporting molecules or ions.
Carrier proteins can mediate both active and passive transport, while channel proteins can
mediate only passive transport.
The current model of cellular membranes is called PB and J sandwich.pdf
The current model of cellular membranes is called PB and J sandwich molecular mosaic fluid
mosaic plasma membrane Which characteristic apply to the phospholipid membrane? It is
primarily a hydrophobic bilayer. Phospholipids are amphipathic Proteins are imbedded within
the phospholipids. The imbedded molecules can move freely within the membrane All are
important characteristics of the Cholesterol molecules in the membrane act to modulate
temperature dependent viscosity and fluidity of the membrane. moderate the effects of a high fat
diet promote fluidity in the membrane. allow for better membrane compaction and integrity.
allow transport across the membrane. One important feature of membranes in the
endomembrane system is that they can move freely from cell to cell. freely bleb off of and then
onto other components of this network. they contain small pieces of independently replicating
DNA. they move from the trans side of the membrane to the cis side. t
Solution
1. Fluid mosaic model.
Fluid mosaic model for plasma membrane proposed by Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson is
universally acceoted model for plasma membrane.
2. All are important characteristics.
Phospholipid molecules are hydrophobic and amphipathic. Which means that posess polar head
and non polar tails.
Some of the protien molecules are embedded in the phospholipid layer and these moelcules are
free to move due to fluid nature of plasma membrane.
3. Allows better membrane compaction and integrity.
Cholesterol is an amphipathic molecule like phospholipids. It contains a hydrophilic and a
hydrophobic portion. Cholesterol\'s hydroxyl (OH) group aligns with the phosphate heads of the
phospholipids. The remaining portion of it tucks into the fatty acid portion of the membrane.
Because of the way cholesterol is shaped, part of the steroid ring (the four hydrocarbon rings in
between the hydroxyl group and the hydrocarbon \"tail\") is closely attracted to part of the fatty
acid chain on the nearest phospholipid. This helps slightly immobilize the outer surface of the
membrane and make it less soluble to very small water-soluble molecules that could otherwise
pass through more easily.
4. They contain transport enzymes..
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Cell and their function.pptx
Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell
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the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body
The basic tenets of the cell theory are as follows:
All living things are made up of one or more cells.
The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things.
Cells come from pre-existing cells through the process of division.
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Experts estimate that there are around 200Trusted Source cell types in the human body.
Cell membrane.pptx
Discipline: Physiology
Topic: Cell Membrane
I hope this video gonna help you in your in FMGE as well as in various PG entrance exam.
Here, I discuss only those topic that are very important regarding your coming exam.
Stay tuned with me.
For better understanding wacth this https://youtu.be/lNiTDLDxyZg
Thanks for your kind attention.
Regards,
Dr.Nishu Verma
Chapter 3
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At the movies, Lucinda bought food for herself and her friend Rae, i.pdf
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Here, I discuss only those topic that are very important regarding your coming exam.
Stay tuned with me.
For better understanding wacth this https://youtu.be/lNiTDLDxyZg
Thanks for your kind attention.
Regards,
Dr.Nishu Verma
Chapter 3
its all about the structure of the plasma membrane. complete notes and question and answer also given here.
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Its all about the movement of substances across the plasma membrane. Students may get the information about passive and active transport.
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At the movies, Lucinda bought food for herself and her friend Rae, i.pdf
At the movies, Lucinda bought food for herself and her friend Rae, including: 1 box of popcorn
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Solution
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8) Network layer connection service is between A. two processes B. t.pdf
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physical communication; datagram C. logical communication; processes D. logical
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Solution
8)b.two hosts
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10.a.messages
11.d.physical layer
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13.b.two
14)b.routers
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unacknowledged packet (at the BS). Based on these sequence number values, explain the
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Solution
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Solution
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Solution
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CLEAR goals. If the group begins to work on a solution before fully comprehending their goals,
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information presented to the group be factually correct, but it should also be time relevant. If the
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minimize this problem: Validate the information presented by the states and ensure that it is pre-
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environmentalists and statisticians to interpret the data that is available to complete the study of
the current situation. As mentioned previously, it is essential that a team have all of the correct
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1) It is often necessary to do a wide variety of post processing to form the best quality ultrasound
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>> For speckle reduction, various methods such as wavelet decomposition, anisotropic fitering
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B are 4-byte words: B[8] = A[i] + A[j];
Solution.
The right answer!! Which of the following correctly list the simple .pdf
The right answer!! Which of the following correctly list the simple molecule that were generated
by stanly miller and others in experience that attempts to represents the candidates on Earth
under which the life may have originated? carbon, water, hydrogen, and oxygen complex
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nitric acids simple sugars, amino acids, lipids, and
nucleotides triglycerides, polypeptides, nucleotides, and carbohydrates
Solution
Ans). In Stanley Miller experiment they sent an electrical charge through a flask of a chemical
solution of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water. It created organic compounds including
amino acids.
Hence option C, Simple sugars, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides..
in order to save data from access database and search from it in c# .pdf
in order to save data from access database and search from it in c# windows application form. i
created two buttons Save and Search . what codes should i write behind each of them to make
them work property.
note: it OLEDb connection
Solution
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
SqlConnection conn;
SqlCommand comm;
SqlDataReader dreader;
private void btnsave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
conn = new SqlConnection(connstring);
conn.Open();
comm = new SqlCommand(\"insert into student_detail values(\" + txtrn.Text + \",\'\" +
txtname.Text + \"\',\" + txtage.Text + \",\'\" + txtcourse.Text + \"\')\", conn);
try
{
comm.ExecuteNonQuery();
MessageBox.Show(\"Saved...\");
}
catch (Exception)
{
MessageBox.Show(\"Not Saved\");
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
}
}
private void btnsearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
conn = new SqlConnection(connstring);
conn.Open();
comm = new SqlCommand(\"select * from student_detail where roll_no = \" + txtrn.Text
+ \" \", conn);
try
{
dreader = comm.ExecuteReader();
if (dreader.Read())
{
txtname.Text = dreader[1].ToString();
txtage.Text = dreader[2].ToString();
txtcourse.Text = dreader[3].ToString();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show(\" No Record\");
}
dreader.Close();
}
catch (Exception)
{
MessageBox.Show(\" No Record\");
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
}
}.
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in.pdf
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. Each colored
triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes the opsins in
these species? The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods.
Each colored triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes
the opsins in these species? A AAA AAAA A A AA AAA AAA Squamate reptiles New World
A opsin gain A opsin loss Tetrapod Click to view larger im O The green opsin is a
synapomorphy in rodents and New World primates, and the light blue opsin is a
symplesiomorphy in baboons and humans. O b. The light blue opsin is a synapomorphy in
squamate reptiles and birds, and the green opsin is an ancestral trait. O c The purple opsl in is an
analogous trait, and the green opsin is a homologous trait. O d The green opsin is a
synapomorphy in baboons and humans, and the light blue opsin is symplesiomorphy in squamate
reptiles and birds.
Solution
synapomorphy means a character that is present in an ancestral species and then it is shared by
one or more descendants, symplesiomorphy means that it is a shared primitive trait.
since we can see that the green opsin is first present in the ancestor the tetrapod and then gets
transferred to only baboons and humans it is derived, also we see that light blue opsin is
transferred to the reptiles and the birds from the tetrapod ancestor.
therefore the correct option should be:
the green opsin is a synapomorphy in baboons and humans, and the light blue opsin is
symplesiomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds..
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