The major characteristics of dynamic complexity include: Non-linearity: Dynamic complexity is characterized by non-linear relationships, meaning that small changes in one variable can lead to disproportionate or unexpected effects on other variables within the system. This non-linearity can result in amplification or dampening of effects, making predictions and outcomes challenging to anticipate. Feedback Loops: Feedback loops are an essential component of dynamic complexity. They occur when the output of a system feeds back into the system as an input, influencing its behavior. Feedback loops can be positive (reinforcing) or negative (balancing). Positive feedback loops amplify changes, leading to exponential growth or instability, while negative feedback loops regulate or stabilize the system. Delays: Delays refer to the time it takes for a change in one variable to produce a noticeable effect on another variable within the system. Delays can introduce time lags, making it difficult to anticipate and respond to changes effectively. Delays can lead to oscillations, oscillating patterns, or unintended consequences in complex systems. Emergent Behavior: Dynamic complexity often gives rise to emergent behavior, which is the collective behavior of the system that cannot be attributed solely to the behavior of its individual components. Emergent behavior results from the interactions and interdependencies among system elements and is often not directly observable from studying the components in isolation.