The document describes an experimental study of heat transfer and hydrodynamics for a novel design of helical finned tube evaporators with a falling film. The design uses stacked plates to create a densely populated double helical finned tube with a staircase walk configuration. This design was found to improve heat transfer performance compared to single finned tubes and smooth double helical finned tubes, as measured by the thermal height unit criterion. Testing showed the double helical finned tube with staircase walk had lower thermal height unit values, indicating better performance, across all flow rates and heating, evaporating, and convective boiling regimes. The improved performance is due to this design combining the benefits of staircase turbulence promotion and doubling of the heat exchange
Seismic analysis of water tank considering effect on time periodeSAT Journals
Abstract While comparing both IS 1893-1984 and IS 1893(part II), first section we consider effect of Seismic responses-base shear, base moment, direction of seismic force, effect of vertical ground acceleration, maximum hydrodynamic pressure, sloshing wave height and additional parameters which calculated using response spectra with change in staging height and performing a few simple calculations and graphs. Here we observe the effect on time period with reference to the staging height in same sample calculations and graph obtained for different quantity. And also collecting the actual site dimension’s (parameters) situated in Nagpur, for evaluation effect of staging height on earthquake forces and effect of soil type conditions on earthquake forces with constant zone, analyzing the tank in SAP2000 for stiffness at different staging height. And analysis has been done by both IS codes. This analysis shows the difference between the all the parameters. Keywords: IS 1893-1984, IS 1893(part II), SAP2000
Combine piled raft foundation (cprf)_Er.Karan ChauhanEr.Karan Chauhan
Combine Piled Raft Foundation(CPRF) is an emerging type of new foundation techniques in High rise buildings and skyscraper which raft as a shallow foundation and pile as deep foundation works sharing the total load and reduce settlement and bending moment. the modern approach of design philosophy is included in post graduation level with soil structure interaction of CPRF and this will use to understand the basic concept regarding it.
In this you will find some of the basic thing regarding the elevated water tank and this is our one of the team project work in college. Hope you will enjoy it....
Seismic analysis of water tank considering effect on time periodeSAT Journals
Abstract While comparing both IS 1893-1984 and IS 1893(part II), first section we consider effect of Seismic responses-base shear, base moment, direction of seismic force, effect of vertical ground acceleration, maximum hydrodynamic pressure, sloshing wave height and additional parameters which calculated using response spectra with change in staging height and performing a few simple calculations and graphs. Here we observe the effect on time period with reference to the staging height in same sample calculations and graph obtained for different quantity. And also collecting the actual site dimension’s (parameters) situated in Nagpur, for evaluation effect of staging height on earthquake forces and effect of soil type conditions on earthquake forces with constant zone, analyzing the tank in SAP2000 for stiffness at different staging height. And analysis has been done by both IS codes. This analysis shows the difference between the all the parameters. Keywords: IS 1893-1984, IS 1893(part II), SAP2000
Combine piled raft foundation (cprf)_Er.Karan ChauhanEr.Karan Chauhan
Combine Piled Raft Foundation(CPRF) is an emerging type of new foundation techniques in High rise buildings and skyscraper which raft as a shallow foundation and pile as deep foundation works sharing the total load and reduce settlement and bending moment. the modern approach of design philosophy is included in post graduation level with soil structure interaction of CPRF and this will use to understand the basic concept regarding it.
In this you will find some of the basic thing regarding the elevated water tank and this is our one of the team project work in college. Hope you will enjoy it....
Effect Of Water On Slope Stability And Investigation Of ΝΝw Drainage Techniqu...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Seismic behavior of elevated water tankeSAT Journals
Abstract Hydrodynamic analysis of elevated water tank is a complex procedure involving fluid structure interaction. The elevated tank supports large water mass at the top of slender staging. In case of elevated tank the resistance against lateral forces exerted by earthquake is largely dependent of supporting system. Staging is considered to be a critical element as far as lateral resistance is concern. Satisfactory performance of staging during strong ground shaking is crucial. In this paper seismic behavior of elevated water tank in view point of their supporting system is evaluated using finite element software ETABS. The main objective is to evaluate a performance of different staging system for elevated water tank using finite element software ETABS. The spring mass model consisting of impulsive and convective masses as per IS 1893:2002 Part 2 has been used for the analysis. The parametric study is performed on mathematical model with different staging system to evaluate their performance with regard to lateral stiffness, displacement, time period, seismic base shear, overturning moment, flexure etc. Keywords: Hydrodynamic analysis, Staging Performance, spring mass model, ETABS
Analysis of dual bell rocket nozzle using computational fluid dynamicseSAT Journals
Abstract Concept of Altitude adaptive rocket nozzles recently received greater importance and interest in the space explorations and other such applications in space and rocket technology. The operations reliability of rocket launcher and the earth to orbit rocket launch are the crucial for the space transportation in the future. The performance of the engine components such as the power plant and the thrust delivery of the engine such as nozzles are in renovation for the greater performance and applicability for complex space applications. In the recent progress of the combustion expansion system the rocket nozzles are greatly revised from both application and design perspectives. One of such development is the dual bell nozzle. The publications indicate that the research on the concept of dual bell nozzle is tardy and there is no much progress from the inception of the idea. The specific application purpose designs are tested experimentally and implemented but the large scale development can only be possible if the generalized design parameters can be suggested. In the present paper one of such nozzle is selected and studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the results are synthesized for bench marking the general approach to study the Dual Bell nozzles. The result shows the variation in the Mach number, pressure, temperature distribution and turbulence intensity. Keywords: Altitude adaptation, Dual bell nozzle, Nozzle pressure ratio, Over-expansion factor.
Effect Of Water On Slope Stability And Investigation Of ΝΝw Drainage Techniqu...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Seismic behavior of elevated water tankeSAT Journals
Abstract Hydrodynamic analysis of elevated water tank is a complex procedure involving fluid structure interaction. The elevated tank supports large water mass at the top of slender staging. In case of elevated tank the resistance against lateral forces exerted by earthquake is largely dependent of supporting system. Staging is considered to be a critical element as far as lateral resistance is concern. Satisfactory performance of staging during strong ground shaking is crucial. In this paper seismic behavior of elevated water tank in view point of their supporting system is evaluated using finite element software ETABS. The main objective is to evaluate a performance of different staging system for elevated water tank using finite element software ETABS. The spring mass model consisting of impulsive and convective masses as per IS 1893:2002 Part 2 has been used for the analysis. The parametric study is performed on mathematical model with different staging system to evaluate their performance with regard to lateral stiffness, displacement, time period, seismic base shear, overturning moment, flexure etc. Keywords: Hydrodynamic analysis, Staging Performance, spring mass model, ETABS
Analysis of dual bell rocket nozzle using computational fluid dynamicseSAT Journals
Abstract Concept of Altitude adaptive rocket nozzles recently received greater importance and interest in the space explorations and other such applications in space and rocket technology. The operations reliability of rocket launcher and the earth to orbit rocket launch are the crucial for the space transportation in the future. The performance of the engine components such as the power plant and the thrust delivery of the engine such as nozzles are in renovation for the greater performance and applicability for complex space applications. In the recent progress of the combustion expansion system the rocket nozzles are greatly revised from both application and design perspectives. One of such development is the dual bell nozzle. The publications indicate that the research on the concept of dual bell nozzle is tardy and there is no much progress from the inception of the idea. The specific application purpose designs are tested experimentally and implemented but the large scale development can only be possible if the generalized design parameters can be suggested. In the present paper one of such nozzle is selected and studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the results are synthesized for bench marking the general approach to study the Dual Bell nozzles. The result shows the variation in the Mach number, pressure, temperature distribution and turbulence intensity. Keywords: Altitude adaptation, Dual bell nozzle, Nozzle pressure ratio, Over-expansion factor.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
New design approach for drains coveringseSAT Journals
Abstract Drain covering is the most widely used option to try to mitigate the environmental problems that arise around the drains. The main problems which lead to a perceived need to cover a drain are: to minimize the adverse impact of a polluted drain, especially close to residential areas; need to use the land area occupied by the drain for an access road or some other use and poor soil stability leading to bank failure. The drain covering cross section can take several forms such as box section (square or rectangular) or concrete pipes. In this paper a new approach is suggested for covering. This approach is constructing as a bridge which consists of two abutments from brick on plain concrete footing and reinforced concrete slab. There are holes at certain distance to carry out maintenance works. Its parts are designed according to different live load cases and for spans 1-5m. Design curves are designed for the new approach of covering in Egypt area. Design curves include design of each part of the new approach. This approach is applied for a drain which is covered as a pipe type and another drain which is covered as box type. The hydraulic and economic study is done for this approach. Head losses are calculated for pipe, box types and for the new approach. It is found that the head losses for the new approach is less than pipe type by 98% and less than box type by97.8% . The cost of pipe, box types and for the new approach is calculated. It is found that the cost of the new approach is more than pipe type by49% and more than box type by 27%. Keywords: Drain Covering; New Approach for Covering; Design Charts; head losses and Egypt.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical analysis of geothermal tunnelseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geothermal energy is a good alternative of fossil fuels and its usage is the most innovative and useful technology that contributes to environmental protection and provides substantial energy, long term cost savings and minimized maintenance. Geothermal energy can be extracted or injected to the earth through tunnels, where tunnels acts as a heat exchanger, in which absorber pipes are fitted, which are circulated with heat transfer liquid. In cities, tunnels provide access for rail, road and utilities. They can also be used as ground heat exchanger for GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump) systems. Tunnels dug underground use geothermal power to bring our home temperature to earth temperature, i.e helps in heating and cooling. The concept for the thermal tunnel utilizes the temperature difference between the ground and inlet temperature, via compression (heating) or expansion (cooling), to generate building heating or cooling. The system is reversible and operated at best efficiency between seasons. Response of the tunnel as a element has to be recorded and studied. ABAQUS is finite element software (FEM) used for the analysis. Study deals with the simulation of geothermal tunnels using ABAQUS, involving heat transfer analysis and coupled thermo-mechanical analysis using a 3-D model. The model has been analysed for finding out thermal stresses, temperature and displacements on concrete lining, embedded pipes and the soil in which tunnel is being constructed. Results are generated in the form of various plots after running the analysis for a duration of 8 years.
Keywords: Geothermal tunnels, ABAQUS, FEM, GSHP, Coupled thermo-mechanical.
An experimental study of heat transfer in plane circular tube fitted with the V-Shaped Aluminum
turbulators is performed for plane circular tube. The objective of this Project work is to analyses heat transfer
coefficient and friction characteristics in a plane circular tube fitted with the V-Shaped Aluminum turbulators.
The experimentations are firstly carried out on the plane circular pipe and heat transfer augmentation were
recorded and then the v-shaped Aluminum turbulators are fitted in the same plane pipe and then again the heat
transfer augmentation is recorded and then both of them is compared. Experimental investigations have been
carried out to study the effects of the V-Shaped Aluminum turbulators on heat transfer, friction and
enhancement efficiency, in a circular tube. We used the V-Shaped aluminum turbulators with the turbulator
element length of 200mm, 160mm and 120mm.We found the heat transfer argumentation.The mean heat
transfer rates obtained from using the V-Aluminum turbulators are 198%, 213% and 241% for turbulator
element Length of 200mm, 160mm and 120 mm respectively. All of the experiments are carried out at the
same inlet conditions with the Reynolds number, based on the tube diameter (Re), in a range of 3000 to
10000
Review of heat transfer augmentation for cooling of turbine blade tip by geom...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
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Experimental study of heat transfer and hydrodynamics of falling film on a novel design of helical finned tube evaporators
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 228
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER AND
HYDRODYNAMICS OF FALLING FILM ON A NOVEL DESIGN OF
HELICAL FINNED TUBE EVAPORATORS
M. EL Haimer1
, A. Irhzo2
, M. Faraji3*
, M. Nejam4
, F. Berroug5
1
Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Casablanca, LSGC, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
2
Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
3,4
Département de Physiques, LPMMAT, Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
5
Département de Physique, LAEPT, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
(*)
Corresponding author Email: farajimustapha@yahoo.fr, phone: +212 0631756990
Abstract
An improved evaporator with helical finned tube falling film is presented. Its technology of building is simple and it is a question
of piling plates in two wings, identical and simple forms, by respecting a regular gap between them to get the densely populated
double helical finned tube of walk of staircase. This new evaporator design introduces advantages to have two helical fins taken
up in parallel allowing doubling its area of exchange, a helical geometry allowing influencing flow favorably for a good
distribution of the film and a strong density of walk of staircase playing promoters turbulence role that can improve its heat
transfer coefficient side film. Thermal study, in heating, evaporating and convective boiling regimes, allowed showing, on the
basis of the criterion of the thermal height unit, HTU, a better performance compared with mono-finned evaporators and the
smooth double helical finned tube without walk of staircase of the same density.
Keywords - helical evaporator, falling film, double fins, density of walk of staircase, HTU
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
The technologies of the falling film are useful in various
industries due to their specific advantages and remain
potential candidates to be the seat of a better heat transfer.
They knew a considerable development having allowed
improving their performances. To enhance the density of
evaporators with falling film new structures of promoters of
turbulence were developed allowing to influence flow
favorably, to raise the heat exchange area and to improve the
convective heat transfer coefficients and to increase of the
density of the heat flux. L.Cong et al. [1] carried out three
independent experiments which correspond to the
characteristic study on the performance of the horizontal-tube
falling film evaporators. The simulation was conducted with
the superficial evaporation temperature on the shell side of
60°C, the superficial overall temperature difference of 3.0°C,
the inlet brine salinity of 30 g/kg, the inlet brine spray density
of 0.06 kg/m s, and the maximum steam inlet velocity of
40 m/s. S. Shen et al. [2] performed an experimental platform
for horizontal-tube falling-film evaporation to measure heat
transfer capacity HTC. The results revealed that the HTC
increased first and then decreased with growth of Reynolds
number Re, and the HTC of seawater decreased with
increasing saturation temperature. The results also showed
that the HTC of rotated square pitch was higher than
triangular pitch, rotated triangular pitch, and square pitch, but
the heat transfer capacity per unit volume of triangular pitch
was the highest. Chi et al. [3] studied the airside performance
of finandtube heat exchangers having plain, louver, and semi-
dimple vortex generator. A total of eighteen samples are
made and tested with different fin pitch and the number of
tube row. Test results indicate that the heat transfer
coefficient for louver fin geometry with a smaller fin pitch is
higher than that of semi-dimple and plain fin geometry. The
cylindrical tubes with external and internal smooth helical
fins constituted an attractive solution for evaporators with
falling film [4-6].Indeed, the existence of the fin allowed to
increasing the area of heat exchange, and its helical form
influenced flow favorably and led to enhancing the fluid
internal mixture within the falling film [7,8,9], but they
introduce the disadvantage of a relatively expensive
manufacture. To overcome this drawback and to intensify the
heat transfer and increase the heat exchange area, an
improved evaporator, characterized by a simple technology of
building and by a competitive cost, for tubes with helical fins,
is presented.
II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
2.1. Building Technology Principle
The principle of the technology consists of building the tube
with helical fins by stacking up of a high number of identical
plates, of simple forms to be manufactured in series. Every
plate is an individual graphite disc, with a circular orifice in
the centre, which one or several parts is removed away
according to a given angle.
Fig.1 presents two versions of such plates. Fig.1-a shows the
mono-wing plate [10] and Fig.1b gives the two wings plate.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 229
Table 1 regroups their geometric parameters. The stacking up
of plates, of same type, respects a regular step to give helical
finned tube with walk of staircase, as the spiral staircase. The
stacking up of plates mono-wing, gives the helical mono-
finned tube with walk of staircase [9] and that of two wings
plates to give the helical finned double tube with walk of
staircase.
(a)
(b)
Fig.1: Mono wing plate (a), two wings plate (b)
Fig.2 sketches two schematic representations of the stacking
up of plates and points out the cylindrical tube with 40 mm
diameter allowed for the flow of the heat transfer fluid (HTF).
Fig 2a shows the mono-finned tube of walk of staircase. The
double finned tube of the same density is done by Fig.2b.
2.2. Geometrical Parameters of Helical Finned Tube
With Walk Of Staircase
The main geometric characteristics of stacking up with walk
of staircase are:
- Number of plates,np
- Density of walk of staircase (d) defined by the number of
plates piled by one tour, d =npt
- Angle separating two successive walk of staircase, O
- Angle of the axial slope, θ
- Height of helical finned tube with walk of staircase, H
The tube with fins with walk of staircase gives more exchange area
than that of the tube with fins without walk of staircase. The factor
of increase of area Fa (Fa> 1) is defined by:
F = (1)
(a)
(b)
Fig.2- Stacking up of mono wing plates (a), two wing plates
(b)
Table 1: Geometric parameters of plate
Table 2 summarizes the geometric parameters of both
stacking up of tubes: monofin and doubles fins.
Table 2: Geometric parameters of different stacking up
2.3. Advantages of the Proposed Evaporator
The structure of the walk of staircase, for the falling film
evaporator, introduces many advantages, the most important
are:
- Mono-finned or double external helical finned tube, of the
same axial slope is characterized by walk of staircase, as
the spiral staircase. The walk of staircase acts as
t
B
(
ri
r
e
rt
Ep
2
1
1
2
3
O
B
(°)
HTF
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 230
promoters of turbulence and allows good convective heat
transfer, notably, in the weak liquid debit.
- The helical finned tube with walk of staircase is
characterized by a density of walk of staircase which is
fundamental because its variation influences the area of
exchange, the hydrodynamics of the film and the heat
transfer rate.
- The helical nature of the fin with the walk of staircase
allows a good distribution of the film flowing on the area
of exchange. As a result, this new design of tube works
without particular distributors.
- The tube with helical fin with walk of staircase is
characterized by a simple building and therefore by a low
cost.
III. HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE FALLING
FILM ON FINS
The hydrodynamics of the film streaming on the area of the
helical internal and external fins, with and without walk of
staircase, is complex and still little studied. Some authors,
notably in papers [8,9], identified the different regimes of
flow on helical fins with and without walk of staircase by
pointing out the debit of transition. Besides, they gave
simplistic models for flow in regime with and without
overflow on the same fins with and without walk of staircase.
The mono-fin of walk of staircase densely populated tube is
assimilated with a perfect flow mixing [11]. Characterized by
the same density of walk of staircase, the double tube fins is
also qualified as perfect flow mixer. For the experimental
determination of the regimes of flow for this last tube, the
water, in the ambient temperature and under atmospheric
pressure, is introduced by the top of the tube and flows by
simple gravity. The progressive increase of its debit allowed
identifying three regimes of flow:
- Regime without flood : Regime 1,
- Regime with flood : Regime 2,
- Regime with blocking: Regime 3.
Note that the range of the film debit to be exploited is wide
for the double densely populated finned tube and his blocking
regime occurs in a debit film (250 g/s), while for the tube
densely populated monofin blocking appears early in a flow
rate of 130 g/s which represents about 50 % debit relating to
the double tube fins.
Table 3 sketch the different regimes of flow for the double
densely populated finned tube compared with the mono-
finned tube.
Table 3: Critical Debit of transition between different
regimes
IV. HEAT TRANSFER OF THE FALLING FILM
4.1 Heat Transfer Coefficient Film’s Side
This coefficient quantifies the intensity of the heat transfer between
the helical fin wall and the core of the falling film. It is determined
by direct method [12,13] as:
h =
.∆ ( )
(2)
- heating regime :
ΔT( ) =
( )
( )
( )
(3)
- evaporating regime :
ΔT( ) = ( )
( )
(4)
Fig. 3: Thermocouples localizations along fins area
Fig.3 shows a vertical cut of an edge of helical fin where six
thermocouples are inserted on its upper wall and six others on
its lower one capturing the temperatures Tpi of the wall.
Different points of the registering temperature of falling
filmTfi and of heat transfer fluid/wall interface Tci are also
specified. Note that only the mean arithmetic temperatures
Tpi and Tfi, measured at the wall of the fin and of the film at
the inlet and outlet, are used in equations (3) and (4).
Tests of heating are driven under atmospheric pressure. To
favor the convective boiling mechanism at the heating wall,
we used a superheating (Tp – Tsat) level about 10°C under a
partial space about 0.4 bar, while the evaporation in free area
is favored by a weak superheating about 2°C under the same
space. Note that, both mechanisms of evaporation co-exist but
with different percentages according to applied setup
conditions
Figures 4, 5 and 6 introduce, respectively, in regimes of
heating, evaporating and convective boiling respectively, the
variations of the partial convective heat transfer coefficient
side film according to the film mass flow, for mono-finned
and double densely populated finned tubes of walk of
staircase (d=12). Their analyses show that:
- For all thermal regimes, heat transfer coefficient increases
with falling film debit. Its growth diminishes and tends to
become steady for high debit because of the import
thicknesses of the falling film.
- The densely populated mono-finned tube gives greater
heat transfer coefficient than the double tube fins of the
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 231
same density, the coefficient of heat transfer side film
depends fundamentally on the film debit, and for the
double finned tube, the total debit of feeding is practically
divided in two equal fractions which stream on a sides of
double helical fins.
- For the tube densely populated mono-fin of walk (d=12),
in a debit of the streaming film Mf = 100 g/s the ratio
hf/Mf equals 82.12 W g / °C m2
s
- For the double densely populated finned tube of walk
(d=1), the same film debit of Mf = 100 g/s, the
ratiohf/Mf is 89 W g / °C m2
s. So, in both cases, values
are practically close.
- The double densely populated finned tube of walk of
staircase allows greater debits of the film until 250 g/s.
Fig. 4: Heating regime, hf
Fig. 5: Evaporating regime, hf
Fig. 6: Convective boiling regime, hf
4.2 Heat Transfer Unit Height Side Film, HUTf
HUTfevaluates the complexity of the partial heat transfers in
the half heat exchanger side film since it is necessary to
accomplish a height of HUTf meters of heat exchanger to
transfer one unit of energy to the film. It is given by [14]:
HUT = (5)
Figures 7, 8 and 9 give the variations of HUTf as a function
of the falling film mass debit, for both mono-finned and
double finned tubes of the same density of walk of staircase,
respectively, in heating, evaporating and convective boiling
regimes, respectively. The double finned tube without walk of
staircase and of axial slope θa = 6,5 ° is also introduced for
comparison [11].
According to Fig 7, and, by considering HUTf as criterion of
performance, we can deduct that, under the heating regime,
the double densely populated finned tube of walk of staircase
(d=12) is classified in the first rank facing both tubes: mono-
finned tube of high density of walk of staircase and doubles
smooth finned tube without walk of staircase.
Figures 8 and 9 shows that:
- In the weak debits of the film until 60 g/s, the densely
populated mono-finned tube of walk of staircase is more
competitive, according to the criterion of HUTf, than the
tube doubles smooth fins without walk of staircase. It
seems, in this range of debit, that the effect of high density
of walk of staircase, as promoters of turbulence, is more
important due to rise of the heat exchange area.
- For higher film debits until 150 g/s1, the double smooth
finned tube without walk of staircase is more preferment
than the densely populated mono-finned tube of walk of
staircase, since their curves are reversed. It seems that for
the high debits of the film, the effect of the splitting in two
of the area of exchange is better than the unique effect of
the densely populated walk staircase.
- For all debits of the film and during the three thermal
regimes, the tube with double densely populated fins of
walk of staircase (d=12), which associate at the same time,
the advantages of the walk of staircase as promoters of
turbulence and of the splitting in two of the surfaces is
qualified as more competitive according to the criterion of
comparison HUTf since he shows lower values of HUTf.in
fact:
- In the low debits, values of HUTf are weak, on average, of
14.3 %, in evaporating regime and of 12.21 %, in
convective boiling regime in comparison with those of the
densely populated mono-fin case.
- In the higher debits, values of HUTf are lesser, on average,
of 1245 %, in regime of evaporation and of 12.8 % , in
regime of convective boiling in comparison with the double
smooth finned tube without walk of staircase.
- The double densely populated finned tube of walk of
staircase also exploits a wide range of debit until 220 g/s,
for the heating regime, and 200 g/s for evaporating and
convective boiling regimes. So, it is clearly possible to
improve the industry production capacity using the
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 232
evaporators with the proposed new structure in their heat
exchangers.
Fig. 7: HUTf for different finned tubes in Heating regime
Fig. 8: HUTf for different finned tubes in evaporating regime
Fig. 9: HUTf for different finned tubes in boiling regime
5. CONCLUSION
The high density of walk of staircase on a tube as promoter of
turbulence improves the heat transfer and allows a better
performance particularly at the weak debits, while the rise of
the heat exchange area of smooth fins with high axial sloop
seems to be efficient, particularly, in the higher debits. The
regrouping of these favorable conditions and to achieve them,
in a simple way, on unique tube, gave the densely populated
double finned tube of walk of staircase. This new
configuration allowed acquiring, on all range from weak to
high debits of the film and during different thermal regimes a
better thermal performance according to very low HUTf
coefficient, compared with those of two other tubes.
Nomenclature
Af
d
Ep
Fa
H
hf
HUTf
Qmoy
Mf
np
npt
O
re , ri, rt
Tfe, Tfs
Tpe, Tps
Tce, Tcs
Grecs
θa
β
ΔT(p-f)ml
ΔTsat
area of the tube with fin wet by the film (m2
)
density of walk of staircase
thickness of the helical fin(mm)
factor of increase of area
height of the tube (m)
coefficient of partial heat transfer side film
(W/m2
°C)
height of unit of partial heat transfer side film (m)
medium flux of heat (W)
mass flow rate of the falling film (g/s)
number of plates
number of plates by turn
angle separating two successive walks (°)
radiusexternal, internal and of head of the bar
(mm)
temperatures of the film at the entrance and in the
exit (°C)
temperatures of the fin at the entrance and in the
exit (°C)
temperatures of the HTF at the entrance and in the
exit (°C)
angle of axial slope of the helical fin (°)
angle of area of the plate (°)
means logarithmic difference of temperatures
(°C)
superheating defined by: (Tp-Tsat) (°C)
REFERENCES
[1] L.Gong, S Shen, H. Liu, X. Mu, Parametric distributions
of a horizontal-tube falling film evaporator for
desalinationm,Doi 10.1080/19443994.2015.1046142m
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Experimental investigation on heat transfer in horizontal-tube
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Chih-Yung Tsengb, An experimental study of the air-side
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International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 80,
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[5] S. Bessenet, V. Renaudin, J.P. Leclaire, J.M. Hornut,
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[6]B. Schwarzer, S. Mojtaba, H. LeGoff, Film Ruisselant
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0,010
0,020
0,030
0,040
0,050
0,060
0 50 100 150 200
HUTf (m)
Mf (g/s)
SmoothTwowings (6,5°)
Monowing(d=12)
Twowings (d=12)
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 233
Internes, 4eme
Journées sur les écoulements et les transferts,
Hammamet, 2002.
[8] M. El Haimer, M. Faraji et M. Najam, Etude
Expérimentale de l’Hydrodynamique et duTransfert
Thermique d’un Evaporateur à Ailette Hélicoïdale Externe :
Influence de la Géométrie de l’Ailette. Rev des Ene.
Renouv., Vol.16, N°2, pp. 177-200, 2013.
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