This study aims at investigating the film cooling effectiveness using both experimentally and numerically for the scaled up gas turbine blade leading edge compound angle model. A compound angle gas turbine blade leading edge model having the five rows of holes, one at stagnation line, two rows of holes at 30 degrees on either side of stagnation line and two rows of holes at 60 degrees on either side of stagnation line. Each row has the five holes at a pitch of 21mm with the varied hole angles of 0, 30, 45, 55 and 60 degrees oriented with the stream line direction.
Simulation of gas turbine blade for enhancement of efficiency of gas turbine...IJMER
As day by day population of the world is increasing and our resources are frequently reducing
hence to meet this demand of the world of energy we have to move to a device which have a maximum
efficiency for the condition turbo-machinery are better suited machines having a good efficiency, in
which a Gas turbine is best example of turbo- machinery Turbine is the part of gas turbine which provide
the power to compressor to run or provide power to external source from where energy can be extracted
by attaching alternator in the shaft of Gas turbine. As in earlier a lot of work have been done by the
researcher to increase the efficiency and standard of Gas turbine by the method of film cooling, coating,
and curvature of blade to protect the blade from high temperature of 1200 C° inside the Gas turbine to
increase the life of blade without considering about the efficiency of the engine As in this work is to
enhancement of efficiency of Gas turbine. Gas turbine blade is very important component of engine as
they are attached to both turbine or compressor and turbine provide energy to compressor hence the
turbine blade are more important component to enhance the efficiency which will be analyzed on the
basis of blade height area of fluid flow , area of blade thickness and angles . This simulation is based on
the define value of temperature pressure density of fluid and solid used in blade construction will be
meshed in ANSYS and calculation on the basis of FEM and the result from this calculation over the
temperature and fluid flow inside the gas turbine of different number of blade is studied will be compare
to reach high efficiency point. By determent these value output is formulated on graph chart and will be
studied and result obtain
Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Cylinder Fins of Varying Ge...IOSR Journals
: The main aim of the project is to analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and
thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient
thermal behavior. The models are created by varying the geometry, rectangular, circular and curved shaped
fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The 3D modeling software used is Pro/Engineer.The analysis is
done using ANSYS. Presently Material used for manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204 which
has thermal conductivity of 110-150W/mk. We are analyzing the cylinder fins using this material and also using
Aluminum alloy 6061 and Magnesium alloy which have higher thermal conductivities.
Investigation of Heat Transfer Through Fins Using FemIJERA Editor
Analysis of heat distribution, thermal stresses and strain for engine cylinder and fins are discussed in this paper.
The cylinder and fins being analysed using finite (FE) software ANSYS AND by FE (simple model). When a
cylinder is subjected to certain pressure and temperature thermal distribution and thermal stresses analysis of
cylinder is necessary to avoid the failure during working condition. In this work the temperature distribution and
thermal stresses are evaluated by considering only temperature effect, temperature and gas pressure effect and
also evaluate the same by considering the effect of cylinder head.
Simulation of gas turbine blade for enhancement of efficiency of gas turbine...IJMER
As day by day population of the world is increasing and our resources are frequently reducing
hence to meet this demand of the world of energy we have to move to a device which have a maximum
efficiency for the condition turbo-machinery are better suited machines having a good efficiency, in
which a Gas turbine is best example of turbo- machinery Turbine is the part of gas turbine which provide
the power to compressor to run or provide power to external source from where energy can be extracted
by attaching alternator in the shaft of Gas turbine. As in earlier a lot of work have been done by the
researcher to increase the efficiency and standard of Gas turbine by the method of film cooling, coating,
and curvature of blade to protect the blade from high temperature of 1200 C° inside the Gas turbine to
increase the life of blade without considering about the efficiency of the engine As in this work is to
enhancement of efficiency of Gas turbine. Gas turbine blade is very important component of engine as
they are attached to both turbine or compressor and turbine provide energy to compressor hence the
turbine blade are more important component to enhance the efficiency which will be analyzed on the
basis of blade height area of fluid flow , area of blade thickness and angles . This simulation is based on
the define value of temperature pressure density of fluid and solid used in blade construction will be
meshed in ANSYS and calculation on the basis of FEM and the result from this calculation over the
temperature and fluid flow inside the gas turbine of different number of blade is studied will be compare
to reach high efficiency point. By determent these value output is formulated on graph chart and will be
studied and result obtain
Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Cylinder Fins of Varying Ge...IOSR Journals
: The main aim of the project is to analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and
thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient
thermal behavior. The models are created by varying the geometry, rectangular, circular and curved shaped
fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The 3D modeling software used is Pro/Engineer.The analysis is
done using ANSYS. Presently Material used for manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204 which
has thermal conductivity of 110-150W/mk. We are analyzing the cylinder fins using this material and also using
Aluminum alloy 6061 and Magnesium alloy which have higher thermal conductivities.
Investigation of Heat Transfer Through Fins Using FemIJERA Editor
Analysis of heat distribution, thermal stresses and strain for engine cylinder and fins are discussed in this paper.
The cylinder and fins being analysed using finite (FE) software ANSYS AND by FE (simple model). When a
cylinder is subjected to certain pressure and temperature thermal distribution and thermal stresses analysis of
cylinder is necessary to avoid the failure during working condition. In this work the temperature distribution and
thermal stresses are evaluated by considering only temperature effect, temperature and gas pressure effect and
also evaluate the same by considering the effect of cylinder head.
Analysis of A Double Spiral Counter Flow Calorimeter in Impinging Flame Jet U...IJERA Editor
Enhancement of heat transfer rates in heat exchanger and calorimeter has been reported by many researchers. However, work regarding heat transfer characteristics analysis of double spiral counter flow calorimeter is not published and this forms the objective of this work. DSCFC is a unique design where it consists of single fluid as working fluid for heat exchange. Here heat transfer takes place between solid and fluid, and hence can be called as conjugate heat transfer problem. Heat transfer characteristics DSCFC is observed at various Reynolds number and base temperature. DSCFC is analyzed considering conjugate heat transfer and temperature dependent properties of heat transport media. Computations are performed using commercially available CFD package ANSYS-CFX. It is observed that with increase in Reynolds number of the fluid, heat transfer reduces whereas increase in base temperature increases heat transfer. The Computational results are compared with the experimental.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN ANALYSIS OF CREEP IN AN ISOTROPIC UNIFORM COMPOSITE ...ijiert bestjournal
The following paper discusses the effect of tempera ture in analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder. The paper is a part of the series of papers published under the analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Journals
Abstract The prime objective of present work is to study experimentally the heat transfer augmentation through various geometries of dimpled surfaces in longitudinal and lateral directions. In this paper horizontal rectangular plates of copper and aluminum with different dimpled geometries (like square, circular and triangular) for in-line arrangements were studied in natural convection with steady laminar external flow condition. The various parameters considered for study are Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate for a constant Prandtl number (0.7) and Grashof number (104-107).It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases for various dimpled surfaces as compared to plane surface. It has been also found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases along longitudinal direction as compared to lateral direction. And it is seen that heat transfer rate is maximum for triangular shape dimple when the apex of triangle is faced towards inlet of air flow Finally it is concluded that heat transfer enhancement takes place along the dimpled surface
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Analysis of Cantilever Steel Chimney As Per Indian StandardsIJERA Editor
Chimneys are tall and slender structures which are used to discharge waste/flue gases at higher elevation with sufficient exit velocity such that the gases and suspended solids(ash) are dispersed in to the atmosphere over a defined spread such that their concentration , on reaching the ground is within acceptable limits specified by pollution control regulatory authorities. This paper summarizes the analysis and design concepts of chimneys as per Indian codal provisions incorporation was also made through finite element analysis. Effect of inspection manhole on the behavior of Cantilever steel chimney, two chimney models one with the manhole and other without manhole were taken into consideration. These models are analyzed by finite element software STAAD Pro, emphasis also placed on effect of geometric limitations on the design aspects in designing chimney.
Assessment of Performance Characteristic of Solar Air Heater with Assorted Ge...IJERA Editor
Artificial roughness is an efficient way for increasing the heat transfer rate in solar air heater with the
corresponding improvement in its thermal performance. A viscous sub-layer is responsible for the low heat
transfer coefficient between absorber plate and flowing air. Repeated ribs in form of artificial roughness are an
effective way to increase the heat transfer rate and improving the performance of solar air heater. Artificial
roughness of the absorber plate is much economical and effective way to improve the thermal performance of
solar air heater. Several investigators have done various investigations to improve heat transfer coefficient with
little penalty of friction factor. They have also developed different correlation for heat transfer coefficient and
friction factor. The correlations developed for heat transfer and friction factor by various investigators have been
reviewed and presented.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Vary...ijtsrd
The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat dissipation rate by using the invisible working fluid, nothing but air. As know, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main purpose of using these cooling fins is to cool the engine cylinder by air. The main aim of the project is to analyse the thermal properties by varying geometry, material, distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behaviour. The models are created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both geometries. The 3D modelling software used is Pro/Engineer. Thermal analysis is done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over time. The analysis is done using ANSYS. Thermal analysis determines temperatures and other thermal quantities. In this thesis, using materials cast iron, Copper and Aluminium alloy 6082 are also for cylinder fin body. Thermal analysis is done using all the three materials by changing geometries, distance between the fins and thickness of the fins for the actual model of the cylinder fin body. K. Karthikeyan | C. Saravanan | Dr. T. Senthil Kumar"Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Varying Geometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14327.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14327/enhancement-of-heat-transfer-analysis-and-optimization-of-engine-fins-of-varying-geometry/k-karthikeyan
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CFD Study for the Optimization of the Drying Process of Foundry Moulds used i...IJERA Editor
In order to drive down the cost of wind turbine cast components, the optimization of each production step is necessary. In particular, foundry moulds used for the production of cast components undergo a process of drying needed to avoid quality problems in the final parts. In order to reduce drying times forced convection by the use of fans is needed. In this work we perform Computational Fluid Dynamic studies with the aim to optimize the drying process for mould geometries typically used for the production of wind turbine components. Representative geometries are modelled in a 3D software, imported in a fluid flow solver and complete Navier-Stokes equations coupled with energy transport equations are solved. Velocity profiles from shop floor measurements are used as boundary conditions for the problem. Finally surface heat exchange coefficients are determined and results analyzed. Results show that it is possible to use this methodology to optimize the drying process, and determine areas of the moulds that are more difficult to dry than others. Optimal fan arrangement for typical geometries are also provided.
Effect of packing material and its geometry on the performance of packed bed ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Surface roughness is the most prominent factor in machining of any metal. The efficacy of a machining process is largely dependant on quality of surface roughness obtained for the workpiece. This experiment involves turning of AISI 1040 steel under dry, conventional cutting fluid (wet) and cryogenic condition using high speed steel cutting tool. The surface roughness values for each of the trials were measured and recorded.Taguchi’s signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was introduced to this experiment inorder to determine the significant control factor (cutting speed, feed rate or depth of cut) for all three machining processes along with the optimal control factor combination. The control factors were set in an orthogonal array (L27). MINITAB 16 was used to determine the S/N ratio valuesfor all the different interactions by incorporating “smaller the better” characteristic. The analysis concluded that the significant control factor for dry machining was feed rate, depth of cut for conventional cutting fluid (wet) machining and feed rate for cryogenic machining. Feed rate of 0.10mm/rev,depth of cut of 0.25mm and cutting speed of 43.73m/minare the optimumcontrol factor combination to be set to procure minimum surface roughness in each of the machining process. Even though the optimum combinations were observed to be same for all the machining process, there was an improvement of 53.57% in cryogenic machining observed in analogous to dry machining and an improvement of 33.92% in cryogenic machining was observed in correspondent to wet machiningfor S/N ratio values of optimum control factor combinations. It was also observed that the S/N ratio values for optimum combination (minimum surface roughness) in cryogenic machining were the least in analogous to other forms of machining. Thus this developed model concludes that the dip cryogenic machining should be adapted in order to procure minimum surface roughness. Keywords –AISI 1040 steel, dry machining, wet machining, cryogenic machining, surface roughness and Taguchi’s approach
Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFDijtsrd
Fins are the extended surface jutting from a surface or body and which they are meant for increasing the heat transfer rate between the surfaces by increasing area for heat transfer. Heat flow in a system depends on three factors 1 area of the surface 2 temperature distinction and 3 the convective heat transfer coefficient. Rate of heat transfer can be magnified by enhancing any one of these factors. Out of these, the bottom surface area is restricted attributable to the design of the object temperature distinction depends on process and having process limitations. The sole alternative seems to be the convection heat transfer constant and this may not be magnified on the far side a certain worth. Therefore the potential choice is to extend the base surface area by the extended surfaces additionally called fins. Fins are therefore used whenever the obtainable surface area is found inadequate to transfer needed amount of heat with obtainable temperature gradient and heat transfer coefficient. In the case of fins the direction of heat transfer by convection is perpendicular to the direction of conduction heat flow. Present research work is devoted to the investigations of better fin material for an internal combustion engine. For this investigation help of simulation approach is being taken. Preceding in the direction of research, first of all a model of existing internal combustion engine was prepared. In next stage, along with existing material Al204 different materials, aluminnium alloy 7075, magnesium and beryllium, were also introduced in the model and thermal analysis was done on popular software ANSYS 15.0, under which three parameters were investigated, heat flux, directional heat flux and average temperature. Following are the details of conclusion drawn. 1. Beryllium shows itself most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application 2. Aluminum 7075 shows itself second most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application and 3. Aluminum 204 shows itself worst material for the internal combustion fin application. Abhishek Kumar | Shreeram Barkhane "Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29519.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29519/selection-of-material-for-improving-heat-transfer-rate-for-fins-using-cfd/abhishek-kumar
CFD Simulation on Gas turbine blade and Effect of Hole Shape on leading edge ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Analysis of A Double Spiral Counter Flow Calorimeter in Impinging Flame Jet U...IJERA Editor
Enhancement of heat transfer rates in heat exchanger and calorimeter has been reported by many researchers. However, work regarding heat transfer characteristics analysis of double spiral counter flow calorimeter is not published and this forms the objective of this work. DSCFC is a unique design where it consists of single fluid as working fluid for heat exchange. Here heat transfer takes place between solid and fluid, and hence can be called as conjugate heat transfer problem. Heat transfer characteristics DSCFC is observed at various Reynolds number and base temperature. DSCFC is analyzed considering conjugate heat transfer and temperature dependent properties of heat transport media. Computations are performed using commercially available CFD package ANSYS-CFX. It is observed that with increase in Reynolds number of the fluid, heat transfer reduces whereas increase in base temperature increases heat transfer. The Computational results are compared with the experimental.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN ANALYSIS OF CREEP IN AN ISOTROPIC UNIFORM COMPOSITE ...ijiert bestjournal
The following paper discusses the effect of tempera ture in analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder. The paper is a part of the series of papers published under the analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Journals
Abstract The prime objective of present work is to study experimentally the heat transfer augmentation through various geometries of dimpled surfaces in longitudinal and lateral directions. In this paper horizontal rectangular plates of copper and aluminum with different dimpled geometries (like square, circular and triangular) for in-line arrangements were studied in natural convection with steady laminar external flow condition. The various parameters considered for study are Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate for a constant Prandtl number (0.7) and Grashof number (104-107).It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases for various dimpled surfaces as compared to plane surface. It has been also found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases along longitudinal direction as compared to lateral direction. And it is seen that heat transfer rate is maximum for triangular shape dimple when the apex of triangle is faced towards inlet of air flow Finally it is concluded that heat transfer enhancement takes place along the dimpled surface
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Analysis of Cantilever Steel Chimney As Per Indian StandardsIJERA Editor
Chimneys are tall and slender structures which are used to discharge waste/flue gases at higher elevation with sufficient exit velocity such that the gases and suspended solids(ash) are dispersed in to the atmosphere over a defined spread such that their concentration , on reaching the ground is within acceptable limits specified by pollution control regulatory authorities. This paper summarizes the analysis and design concepts of chimneys as per Indian codal provisions incorporation was also made through finite element analysis. Effect of inspection manhole on the behavior of Cantilever steel chimney, two chimney models one with the manhole and other without manhole were taken into consideration. These models are analyzed by finite element software STAAD Pro, emphasis also placed on effect of geometric limitations on the design aspects in designing chimney.
Assessment of Performance Characteristic of Solar Air Heater with Assorted Ge...IJERA Editor
Artificial roughness is an efficient way for increasing the heat transfer rate in solar air heater with the
corresponding improvement in its thermal performance. A viscous sub-layer is responsible for the low heat
transfer coefficient between absorber plate and flowing air. Repeated ribs in form of artificial roughness are an
effective way to increase the heat transfer rate and improving the performance of solar air heater. Artificial
roughness of the absorber plate is much economical and effective way to improve the thermal performance of
solar air heater. Several investigators have done various investigations to improve heat transfer coefficient with
little penalty of friction factor. They have also developed different correlation for heat transfer coefficient and
friction factor. The correlations developed for heat transfer and friction factor by various investigators have been
reviewed and presented.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Vary...ijtsrd
The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat dissipation rate by using the invisible working fluid, nothing but air. As know, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main purpose of using these cooling fins is to cool the engine cylinder by air. The main aim of the project is to analyse the thermal properties by varying geometry, material, distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behaviour. The models are created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both geometries. The 3D modelling software used is Pro/Engineer. Thermal analysis is done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over time. The analysis is done using ANSYS. Thermal analysis determines temperatures and other thermal quantities. In this thesis, using materials cast iron, Copper and Aluminium alloy 6082 are also for cylinder fin body. Thermal analysis is done using all the three materials by changing geometries, distance between the fins and thickness of the fins for the actual model of the cylinder fin body. K. Karthikeyan | C. Saravanan | Dr. T. Senthil Kumar"Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Varying Geometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14327.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14327/enhancement-of-heat-transfer-analysis-and-optimization-of-engine-fins-of-varying-geometry/k-karthikeyan
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CFD Study for the Optimization of the Drying Process of Foundry Moulds used i...IJERA Editor
In order to drive down the cost of wind turbine cast components, the optimization of each production step is necessary. In particular, foundry moulds used for the production of cast components undergo a process of drying needed to avoid quality problems in the final parts. In order to reduce drying times forced convection by the use of fans is needed. In this work we perform Computational Fluid Dynamic studies with the aim to optimize the drying process for mould geometries typically used for the production of wind turbine components. Representative geometries are modelled in a 3D software, imported in a fluid flow solver and complete Navier-Stokes equations coupled with energy transport equations are solved. Velocity profiles from shop floor measurements are used as boundary conditions for the problem. Finally surface heat exchange coefficients are determined and results analyzed. Results show that it is possible to use this methodology to optimize the drying process, and determine areas of the moulds that are more difficult to dry than others. Optimal fan arrangement for typical geometries are also provided.
Effect of packing material and its geometry on the performance of packed bed ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Surface roughness is the most prominent factor in machining of any metal. The efficacy of a machining process is largely dependant on quality of surface roughness obtained for the workpiece. This experiment involves turning of AISI 1040 steel under dry, conventional cutting fluid (wet) and cryogenic condition using high speed steel cutting tool. The surface roughness values for each of the trials were measured and recorded.Taguchi’s signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was introduced to this experiment inorder to determine the significant control factor (cutting speed, feed rate or depth of cut) for all three machining processes along with the optimal control factor combination. The control factors were set in an orthogonal array (L27). MINITAB 16 was used to determine the S/N ratio valuesfor all the different interactions by incorporating “smaller the better” characteristic. The analysis concluded that the significant control factor for dry machining was feed rate, depth of cut for conventional cutting fluid (wet) machining and feed rate for cryogenic machining. Feed rate of 0.10mm/rev,depth of cut of 0.25mm and cutting speed of 43.73m/minare the optimumcontrol factor combination to be set to procure minimum surface roughness in each of the machining process. Even though the optimum combinations were observed to be same for all the machining process, there was an improvement of 53.57% in cryogenic machining observed in analogous to dry machining and an improvement of 33.92% in cryogenic machining was observed in correspondent to wet machiningfor S/N ratio values of optimum control factor combinations. It was also observed that the S/N ratio values for optimum combination (minimum surface roughness) in cryogenic machining were the least in analogous to other forms of machining. Thus this developed model concludes that the dip cryogenic machining should be adapted in order to procure minimum surface roughness. Keywords –AISI 1040 steel, dry machining, wet machining, cryogenic machining, surface roughness and Taguchi’s approach
Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFDijtsrd
Fins are the extended surface jutting from a surface or body and which they are meant for increasing the heat transfer rate between the surfaces by increasing area for heat transfer. Heat flow in a system depends on three factors 1 area of the surface 2 temperature distinction and 3 the convective heat transfer coefficient. Rate of heat transfer can be magnified by enhancing any one of these factors. Out of these, the bottom surface area is restricted attributable to the design of the object temperature distinction depends on process and having process limitations. The sole alternative seems to be the convection heat transfer constant and this may not be magnified on the far side a certain worth. Therefore the potential choice is to extend the base surface area by the extended surfaces additionally called fins. Fins are therefore used whenever the obtainable surface area is found inadequate to transfer needed amount of heat with obtainable temperature gradient and heat transfer coefficient. In the case of fins the direction of heat transfer by convection is perpendicular to the direction of conduction heat flow. Present research work is devoted to the investigations of better fin material for an internal combustion engine. For this investigation help of simulation approach is being taken. Preceding in the direction of research, first of all a model of existing internal combustion engine was prepared. In next stage, along with existing material Al204 different materials, aluminnium alloy 7075, magnesium and beryllium, were also introduced in the model and thermal analysis was done on popular software ANSYS 15.0, under which three parameters were investigated, heat flux, directional heat flux and average temperature. Following are the details of conclusion drawn. 1. Beryllium shows itself most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application 2. Aluminum 7075 shows itself second most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application and 3. Aluminum 204 shows itself worst material for the internal combustion fin application. Abhishek Kumar | Shreeram Barkhane "Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29519.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29519/selection-of-material-for-improving-heat-transfer-rate-for-fins-using-cfd/abhishek-kumar
Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFD
Similar to EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ADIABATIC FILM COOLING EFFECTIVENESS OVER THE COMPOUND ANGLED GAS TURBINE BLADE LEADING EDGE MODEL
CFD Simulation on Gas turbine blade and Effect of Hole Shape on leading edge ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
ANALYZE THE THERMAL PROPERTIES BY VARYING GEOMETRY, MATERIAL AND THICKNESS ...IAEME Publication
The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat dissipation rate The parametric model is created by varying the geometry, rectangular, circular and curved shaped fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The main aim is to analysis thermal properties by varying geometry, material and thickness of cylinder fins.
Study On The External Gas-Assisted Mold Temperature Control For Thin Wall Inj...IJERA Editor
Dynamic mold surface temperature control (DMTC) has many advantages in micro-injection molding as well as thin-wall molding product. In this paper, DMTC will be applied for the thin-wall molding part with the observation of the weldline appearance and the weldline strength. The heating step of DMTC will be achieved by the hot air flow directly to the weldline area. The results show that the heating rate could be reached to 4.5C/s, which could raising the mold surface from 30C to over 120C within 15 s. The melt filling was operated with high temperature at the weldline area; therefore, the weldline appearance was eliminated. In addition, the weldline strength was also improved. The results show that the thinner part had the higher strength of the weldline.
Various parameters affecting the performance of a regeneratorIJESFT
Main objective of this review paper is to show how various parameters affect the performance of regenerator. Performance of regenerator is very important parameter to design it. Various parameters which affect the performance of regenerator have been discussed.
Transient Thermal Analysis for Heat Dissipation from Engine Cylinder Block wi...ijtsrd
The cost of fuel and materials in all sectors is rising day by day. In the IC engine, the engine fails primarily because the heat transfer from the cylinder wall to the ambient air is inadequate. Heat is derived from the cylinder wall in the engine by means of convection heat transfer through the fins. In this study, a 3 dimensional numerical 3 D transient thermal state simulation was used to investigate the heat dissipation of the engine cylinder fin with holes of different shapes hexagonal and an elliptical . ANSYS 17.0 simulation software was used to research the physiognomy of the heat transfer physiognomies of an engine cylinder fin with and without hole. The results indicate that, the fin with an elliptic hole attain a temperature of 797.94 °C at 14 seconds in comparison to other where with hexagonal hole 798.02 °C, and without hole 798.14°C. So above values clearly shows that fin with an elliptic hole dissipates more heat as compare to fin with hexagonal hole or without hole. Fin with an elliptic hole have a total heat flux of 56122 W m² comparison to other where with hexagonal hole 49967 W m², and without hole 46704 W m². From the above results it is clearly shows that, the new proposed shape fin or fin configuration will greatly improve the heat transfer rate and increase the fin efficiency. Optimum results are obtained when we provide an elliptic hole in an engine cylinder fin Sunil Kumar Bharti | Prof. Rohit Soni "Transient Thermal Analysis for Heat Dissipation from Engine Cylinder Block with Different Shaped Holes in Fins using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35736.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/35736/transient-thermal-analysis-for-heat-dissipation-from-engine-cylinder-block-with-different-shaped-holes-in-fins-using-cfd/sunil-kumar-bharti
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
Review of heat transfer augmentation for cooling of turbine blade tip by geom...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Similar to EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ADIABATIC FILM COOLING EFFECTIVENESS OVER THE COMPOUND ANGLED GAS TURBINE BLADE LEADING EDGE MODEL (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
92
Film cooling is the introduction of a secondary fluid at one or more discrete locations along a surface exposed to
a high temperature environment to protect the surface not only in the immediate region of injection but also in the
downstream region as shown in Fig.1. Turbine airfoil surfaces, shrouds, blades tips and end walls are cooled using
discrete-hole film cooling. Film cooling protects the airfoil surface directly, compared to internal cooling technique that
remove heat from the inside surface. Film cooling also removes heat from the blade surface through the film hole by
internal convection, q= ho ( Tf -Tw), and film cooling is defined as, η = (Tm-Tf) / (Tm-Tc).
Fig. 1: Schematic of Film Cooling Concept
The thermal protection is expected to provide reduced heat load to the airfoil surface. Designers need to know
the net heat load into the component surface when film is injected. Due to complex nature of discrete hole injection, there
is need to know the local wall temperature (Tw) under the film and the gas side heat transfer coefficient with film
injection. Both these components are required to estimate reduced heat load to the surface.
Film cooling primarily depends on the coolant-to hot mainstream pressure ratio (Pc/Pt), temperature ratio
(Tc/Tg), and the film cooling hole location, configuration and distribution on a film cooled airfoil. The coolant-to-
mainstream pressure ratio can be related to the coolant-to-mainstream mass flux ratio (blowing ratio) the coolant-to
mainstream temperature ratio can be related to the coolant-to-mainstream density ratio. In a typical gas turbine airfoil, the
blowing ratios vary approximately from 0.5 to 2.50 while the Tc/Tg values vary from 0.5 to 0.85, corresponding density
ratios approximately in the range of 1.3 to 1.5.
Sang Woo Lee and Young Beom Kim [1], Surface flow visualizations show that the increase in the orientation
angle results in better film coverage, especially in the spanwise direction, but produces more flow disturbances such as
flow reversal and recirculation. A near-wall flow model for the velocity ratio of 2.0 has been proposed from the
visualizations. the strength of downstream secondary flow strongly depends on the velocity ratio.
Srinath Ekkad and Chin Han JE [2], studied the recent development in turbine blade film cooling accurate and
detailed local heat transfer and film cooling for turbine edge region would be useful to prevent blade failure due to local
heat spot. Flow visualization/ measurement, and the CFD predictions would provide valuable information for designing
effective cooled blades for advanced gas turbines.
D.G. Bogard and K. A. Thole [3] studied the gas turbine film cooling; the film-cooling performance is closely
linked to whether the coolant jet has separated from the surface. For nominal conditions of a flat surface, low Freestream
turbulence, and cylindrical holes, the film-cooling performance is reasonably predictable with empirical correlations.
However, surface curvature, high Freestream turbulence, and shaping of the hole exit can greatly change film-cooling
performance by significantly affecting the blowing ratio at which the coolant jet separates. CFD predictions, though very
useful in providing insight in the spatial details of the film-cooling process, are also limited by the very complex flow
conditions that occur for film cooling, particularly when the coolant jets begin to separate. Consequently, the film-
cooling performance for actual turbine conditions is often difficult to predict precisely, and this remains a major
constraint in the design for the durability of the turbine section.
This study aims at investigating the film cooling effectiveness using both experimentally and numerically for the
scaled up gas turbine blade leading edge compound angle model. The film cooling hole with the hole diameter of 4mm.
Experiments are conducted by varying the blowing ratios in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 at the density ratio of 1.30, at a
nominal flow Reynolds number of 1, 00,000 based on the leading edge diameter.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE
2.1 Model Description
Only the semicircular leading edge portion of gas turbine blade is taken in to our study, the model is generated
using solid works and fabricated using rapid prototyping, using the model description as shown in Table 1, ABS-M30
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material is use to fabricate the leading edge model which is a low thermal conductivity material to avoid heat losses from
the gas path non-contact side of the model.
TABLE 1: Fabricated Turbine Blade Leading Edge Model Description
SI.No. Model Description Dimensions
1 Leading Edge Outer Diameter 89 mm
2 Leading Edge Inner Diameter 65 mm
3 Film Cooling Hole Diameter and Pitch
D=4 mm and
Pitch= 21mm
4 Leading Edge Model Height 210 mm
5 No. of Rows 5
6 Compound Hole angles
0, 30, 45, 55 and 60 Deg. with Stream
line direction
7 Hole Orientation Angle
0, 30 and 60 Deg. Angles from
stagnation line
The test models are prepared half cylindrical with flat downstream surfaces by attaching the coolant chamber.
Hard foam is filled in the model slots to have the further low thermal conductivity. The Fig.2 and Fig.3 shows a
fabricated model of turbine blade leading edge scaled up configuration. Stainless steel sheet having thickness of 0.15mm
with a required film cooling hole geometry, machined by water jet cutting is wound over the model. The SS sheet with an
area of 260 x 160mm is connected in series by brass bus bars to supply the high current at low voltage to heat the model.
The reference thermocouples are soldered underside of the SS sheet for applying the correction factor to the thermo gram
data and these are routed through the model slots.
Fig. 2: Compound Angled Leading Edge Model
The Fig.2 shows gas turbine leading edge models with the thermocouples, etc. respectively and the varied
coolant hole angles are shown in Fig.3 and the models are prepared to withstand the experimental conditions.
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Fig. 3: Details of 0, 30, 45, 55, and 60 Deg. Hole Inclination Angles w.r.to Stream Line Direction
2.2 Experimental Setup
Gas turbine leading edge model is mounted in the test module, consisting of rectangular duct with a size of
320mm x 230mm x 700 mm. Experimental test facility consists of compressed air unit, settling chamber, air filter,
control valve, orifice meter and rectangular duct test sections where gas turbine leading edge models are placed. Air is
selected as working fluid for both mainstream and coolant. Main stream flows through the settling chamber to the test
section. The main flow is controlled by the gate valve placed much ahead of settling chamber. The coolant air to the
model is passed through the heat exchanger, where the controlled liquid nitrogen is used cool the coolant air to have the
required coolant temperature. The static and total pressures of mainstream flow to the inlet of test section are measured
and maintained to have the required Reynolds number. The coolant flow passing through the orifice meter is also
maintained by monitoring the upstream and differential pressures across the orifice meter. The required coolant flow is
maintained to have the blowing ratios of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50. The mainstream and coolant temperatures are
monitored and maintained to have the required density ratio. To measure the pressure and temperature of main stream
and coolant air, pressure ports and thermocouples are incorporated at inlet and outlet of rectangular duct and inlet coolant
chamber. Flir make Infra-red Camera is used for the non-contact type temperature measurement of the test surface as
shown in Fig.4. The calibrated reference thermocouples are placed on the test model to correct thermo gram test surface
data obtained by the Infra-red camera. Pressure net scanner is used for measuring pressures from pressure ports and the
Fluke data acquisition is used to measure the temperatures of Thermocouples For these experiments.
Fig. 4: Experimental Test Setup
The air is drawn from the centralized air compressor facility of NAL, with the continuous pressure of 60psi. The
gate valve is used to maintain experimental pressure at the inlet to the test rig. The rectangular test section is fully
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tightened to withstand with high pressure. The test section is made with large opening to view the model by infrared
camera through transparent sheet and also the provision is made for coolant air supply to the cooling chamber.
2.3 Film Cooling Effectiveness Measurement.
The main stream air is allowed to flow over the test surface and the coolant flow is passed through the coolant
chamber, which ejects through the film cooling holes. The required coolant flow is maintained to have the blowing ratios
i.e. the coolant to main stream mass flux ratio of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50. The coolant temperature is maintained around
231K by controlled liquid nitrogen flow to the heat exchanger to have the required density ratio i.e. the coolant to main
stream density ratio of 1.30. The main stream air at ambient temperature coming from the centralized compressor facility
is maintained at 24mm of H2O to have the Reynolds number of 100000 based on the leading edge diameter. The wall
temperature is measured using non-contact type infra-red camera after the steady state main stream and coolant flows
have been achieved. The film effectiveness measurements are made with the mainstream at ambient temperature, coolant
temperature and with the wall temperature measured as adiabatic wall temperature, as the surface is unheated and well
insulated. The local wall temperature is mixture temperature of the coolant and mainstream. Thus, the film effectiveness
is found using the following relation.
િ ൌ
ሺ܂ܕି܂ܟሻ
ሺ܂ܕି܂܋ሻ
(1)
The blowing ratio (BR) is maintained using the ratio of Coolant mass flux ratio to mainstream mass flux ratio the
relation is given by
۰. ܀ ൌ
ሺρρρρ܋܄כ܋ሻ
ሺρρρρ∞∞܄כ
(2)
The main stream flux (ρ∞V∞) was estimated from the measured mainstream velocity and the estimated
mainstream density based on the static pressure and total temperature measured in the test section. The coolant mass flux
(ρcVc) was estimated by dividing the measured mass flow by the total cooling hole area based on the inlet diameter of the
film cooling hole. After establishing the required blowing ratio, the coolant temperatures and the model surface
temperatures measured by the thermocouples were continuously monitored.
An uncertainty analysis performed indicates that the uncertainty in the calculated blowing ratio was
+ 0.06 based on mainstream velocity uncertainty of +0.05 m/s and coolant velocity uncertainty of +0.6m/s.
3. COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS OF PRESENT STUDY
Film cooling effectiveness data is calculated experimentally for different B.R of 1.0, 1.50, 2.0 and 2.50 for the
compound angled blade leading edge configurations with 0, 30, 45, 55 and 60 deg. hole angle of coolant holes with
respect to stream line direction. The same has been tried numerically using ICEM CFD meshing and Ansys fluent solver
software and to have the comparison with the experimental data.
3.1 Geometry of the Computational Model
The model consists of leading edge of gas turbine blade with the computational domain. Computational domain
with the size of 320 x 210 x 300 mm with leading edge outer diameter of 89mm and inner diameter of 65mm, having a
row of five film cooling holes of 4mm dia. with a hole pitch of 21mm is generated. Computational model is prepared as
per experimental test section and only half of length of the test section is taken and symmetry portion of the leading edge
is taken to avoid more number of element cells and analysis running time. Computational model is prepared using solid
works and imported in ICEM CFD for meshing purpose using blocking technique and the computational domain is
shown if the Fig. 5.
Fig. 5: The Computational Domain
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The mesh is constructed for the considered geometry of the domain. The preprocessor, solver and Postprocessor
modules are employed by ANSYS 14 Fluent. The output mesh file obtained is in .msh format which is used to run in
fluent. Hexa type mesh is used for main stream till leading edge of the fluid region in order to obtain highest accuracy.
And O grid mesh is used for the coolant flow. Quality is obtained above 0.55 as shown in Fig 6(a). The assumed y+
value
of 30 near wall adjacent for the turbulence model the obtained δy = 0.158. In total 449682 hexahedral cells have obtained
for the entire geometry. The computational model after the meshing with grid cells is shown in the Fig.6(a). The film
coolant hole is meshed separately using O grid technique. At the inlet and outlet coolant hole is obtained with O grid.
Coolant holes are attached to the blade leading edge model with mesh connectivity by using splitting technique near the
hole fine mesh. The coolant hole with the coolant flow meshed with O grid is shown in the Fig.6(b).
Fig. 6(a): Grid Generation of Computational Model Fig. 6 (b): O Grid Generation of Cooling Holes
3.2 Boundary Conditions
TABLE 2: Boundary Conditions
In the process of finding the solution for film cooling effectiveness the k-omega SST, k-epsilon standard and k-
epsilon realizable turbulence models are tried to get the solution for this model, among which the k-epsilon realizable
turbulence model gives the better solution, which is nearer to the experimental values. Hence, the k-epsilon realizable
turbulence model is used for all the blowing ratios for the CFD simulation. The type of boundary conditions applied in
the computational model is shown in the Table 2. The boundary condition values are used same as per experimental test
conditions.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Film temperature obtained on the leading edge surface by both experimentally evaluated and numerically
simulated by varying the blowing ratios from 1.0 to 2.50. By using this film temperature values on the leading edge
surface, the film cooling effectiveness is calculated theoretically along streamwise direction for all the blowing ratios.
The temperature and velocity contours obtained by CFD are shown in the Fig.7 to Fig.10 for varying B.R.
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Fig. 7: Temperature and Velocity Contours, B.R=1.0
Fig. 8: Temperature and Velocity Contours, B.R=1.50
Fig. 9: Temperature and Velocity Contours, BR=2.0
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Fig. 10: Temperature and Velocity Contours BR=2.50
Fig. 11: Infra-Red Thermal Image for the Film Cooling Effectiveness at BR=2.0 and 2.50
Fig. 12: Experimentally Evaluated Averaged Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness, BR =1.0 to 2.50
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Fig. 13: Numerically Evaluated Averaged Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness, BR=1.0 to 2.50
The Fig.11 shows the infrared thermal image of leading edge surface at B.R of 2.0 and 2.50. From the Fig.9 and
Fig. 10 the flow patterns from CFD and temperature contour is same as experimental thermal image Fig.11. The typical
experimental film cooling effectiveness and numerically investigated results at the B.R from 1.0 to 2.50 are shown in the
Fig.12 and Fig.13. Both the experimental and numerical data shows the increase in cooling effectiveness with the
increase in blowing ratio from 1.0 to 2.0, and from 2.0 to 2.50 the effectiveness decreases. The higher cooling
effectiveness is observed at BR=2.0 due to the mass flow increase in coolant holes at higher B.R. Hence the optimized
blowing ratio for this configuration can be considered as 2.0.
Fig. 14: Comparative Plot of Experimentally and Numerically Evaluated Averaged Adiabatic Film Cooling
Effectiveness, BR=2.0
From Fig.13, the numerically evaluated film effectiveness shows the increase with the increasing B.R as that of
experimental values. The Fig.14, shows the comparative film cooling effectiveness at BR=2.0 by both experimentally
and numerically. The shift in the curve is observed due to the conduction process taking from the test chamber to the
leading edge surface.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The present study deals with experimental and numerical investigation of adiabatic film cooling for gas turbine
blade leading edge compound angled model having the different cooling hole injection angles of 0, 30, 45, 55 and
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60degrees with main stream direction. From the experimental evaluation, the cooling effectiveness shown the increase
with the increasing B.R and it is observed higher value of film cooling effectiveness at the B.R=2.0 among the
considered blowing ratios and further increase in the blowing ratio above 2.0, there is no increase in film cooling
effectiveness for this model.
From numerical investigation, film effectiveness also shown increase with increasing blowing ratio and the
values found were nearer to the experimental values with the same flow patterns. Among the three considered turbulent
solver models k-epsilon realizable turbulence model showed flow conditions as per the experiments. From both the
experiments and numerical analysis, it is found that for the lower blowing ratios the film cooling effectiveness is very
low and as the increase in blowing ratio the effectiveness increases upto B.R=2.0 and decreases above B.R=2.0 and
hence the optimized blowing ratio can be considered as 2.0 for this type of configuration.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank Manjunath P., Head, Propulsion Division and Director, NAL, Bangalore for
permitting this work to be carried out at NAL. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Felix J, Mr. Maria Arockiam,
Mr. Sanmuganantham and Mr. Ravishankar N for their help in fabrication, assembling and assistance to conduct
experiments and for their valuable suggestions during this course of work.
7. NOMENCLATURE AND SYMBOLS
B.R - Blowing Ratio
D.R - Density Ratio
ߩܿ - Coolant Density (kg/m3
)
ߩ݉ - Mainstream Density (kg/m3
)
ܸܿ - Coolant Velocity (m/s)
Vm - Mainstream Velocity (m/s)
ߟ - Film cooling effectiveness
Tm - Mainstream Temperature (K)
ܶ - Coolant Temperature before Injection (K)
Tw - Wall Temperature (K)
W - Width of stainless steel sheet (mm)
h - Heat transfer Coefficient (w/m2
k)
8. REFERENCES
[1] Sang woo Lee and Yong Beom kim, Film Cooling Jets With Compound Angled Orientations, ASME journal of
turbomachinary,Vol. 119/310, 1997, pp. 310 – 3199.
[2] Srinath Ekkad and Chin Han JE, Recent Developments in turbine Film Cooling, International journal of rotating
machinery, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2001, pp. 21 – 40.
[3] Bogard D. G and Thole K. A, Gas Turbine Film Cooling, Journal of propulsion and power,Vol. 2, No. 2, 2006,
pp. 250 – 269.
[4] Govern M. C and Leylek J. H, Detailed analysis of film cooling physics, ASME journal of Turbomachinary, vol
122/113, Jan 2000.
[5] Je-Chin Han., Recent Studies in Turbine Blade Cooling, International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 10(6):
443-457.