Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to Exoplanets Science club.pptx FOR CLASS 10
Exoplanets Science club.pptx FOR CLASS 10
- 1. Beyond the Sun:The Science of Finding Distant Planets Presented By:- Science Club
- 2. Introduction Imagine looking intothe night sky and wondering… Are there other planets like Earth out there? Are we alone? Scientists also had the same question. But these planets are very far thousands of trillions of kilometers away that we cannot even see them directly. Still… scientists found a way.
- 3. Planets outside oursolar system are called exoplanets. They are extremely far some are light-years away. A light-year means the distance light travels in one whole year. Because they are so far and do not shine like stars, telescopes cannot simply see them. So scientists use smart and indirect methods. Exoplanets
- 4. Method 1: TransitMethod Imagine a bright bulb. If a tiny ball passes in front of it, the bulb’s light becomes slightly dimmer. The same thing happens in space. When a planet passes in front of its star, the star’s brightness drops for a moment. If this dimming repeats regularly, scientists know a planet is orbiting that star. This is called the Transit Method — and it has helped us discover most exoplanets.
- 5. What Transit Method Reveals Thismethod reveals :- 1.Planet size 2.Orbit time 3.Whether planet is rocky or gaseous 5.If it’s in the habitable zone!
- 6. HD 209458 b:The first planet discovered by this method, notable for being the first for which an atmosphere's composition was measured. Example Note:- Please play the video in the next slide
- 8. Method 2: TheWobble Method The second method is called the Radial Velocity or Doppler Method. Imagine playing tug-of-war, both the side pull each other in the game in the same way planets do not just orbit a star they also pull the star with a tiny force. This makes the star wobble, just a little. When the star moves towards us, its light becomes slightly blue. When it moves away, the light becomes slightly red. This color change tells scientists that a planet is tugging on the star.
- 9. Example 51 Pegasi bdiscovered using wobble method is the first exoplanet found around a Sun-like star. Note:- Please play the video in the next slide
- 11. Direct Imaging Try takinga picture of a firefly next to a bright car headlight. The headlight is too bright, so you block it with your hand to see the firefly. In the same way some telescopes block the star’s overwhelming light using a special mask. Then the faint glow of the planet becomes visible.
- 12. Example HR 8799 planets (first-everdirect images)
- 13. Method 4: Gravitational Microlensing Astar’s gravity bends and magnifies the light of another star behind it. If the front star has a planet, that planet creates a small extra brightening. This reveals the planet. Example:- OGLE-2005-BLG- 390Lb
- 14. CONCLUSION Ultimately, scientists findplanets light-years away not by seeing the planets directly, but by observing how stars behave. When a planet moves in front of its star, the star becomes a little dimmer. By measuring this tiny change in brightness-and by studying the star's wobble-astronomers can discover new worlds that are impossible to see with our eyes. These methods remind us that even the tiniest clues in the universe can show something huge. And who knows-someday one of these far-off planets may be capable of supporting life. So keep exploring, keep asking questions, and keep your curiosity alive. Because science always starts with curiosity.