This document provides an agenda for Class 10 of an EWRT 2 course. It includes details about submitting Essay #1 via Kaizena in MLA format and discussing an excerpt from Lao-Tzu. It introduces Essay #2 which will focus on government using suggestions from Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli. Students will split into new discussion teams and analyze vocabulary terms for an upcoming exam. Homework includes reading Machiavelli and posting discussion questions and personal questions.

1. Class 10
EWRT 2

2. AGENDA
 Essay #1: Due Friday before noon.
 Send it via Kaizena in MLA format
 Teams
 Discussion: Lao-Tzu "Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching”
(19-31).
 Bio
 Rhetorical Strategies
 Questions for Critical Reading
 Introduce Essay #2: GOVERNMENT
 Suggestions for Writing: Group discussion
 Vocabulary

3. Essay Submissions
All out of class essays are to be submitted to me
electronically before the class period in which they are due.
1. Before you submit your essay, please save your
file as your last name and the number 2, like this:
Smith 2. This will help me keep your essays
organized.
Smith 2

4. 2. Submit your essay through Kaizena at
https://kaizena.com/palmoreessaysubmissi
ongmail. Or simply use the link on our class
website home page.
This system allows me to respond to your essay with both voice and
written comments and to insert helpful links.

7. After you click “done, you will be redirected to my page, where
you can join the appropriate group

8.  When you join a
group, a
conversation will
automatically
be created.

9. After joining a group, you
will be prompted to add a
file. That is it! You are done

10. Once I have graded your paper, you may view it by
going to the conversations between us on the
Kaizena page.

11. 8. Click on the highlighted sections of the paper to
find both audio and written comments concerning
your essay and links to materials that will help you
improve your writing.

12. Teams: If you are not sitting with your new team, please
move. If you are not on a new team, please stand.
1. You must change
at least half of
your team after
each essay.
2. You may never
have a new team
composed of
more than 50%
of any prior
team.
3. Please join a
table; remember,
no more than
four people per
team.

13. The second essay consists of three class
discussions: Lao-Tzu; Machiavelli, and
the application of the two philosophers’
ideas to A Game of Thrones.

14. Lao-Tzu
"Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching”

15. Who was Lao-Tzu?

16. Three Lao Tzus?
 The first Lao Tzu was a man named Li Erh
or Li Tan, who came from the village of
Ch'üjen in the southern Chinese state of
Ch'u. Li Erh served as historian in charge of
the official records in the Chinese imperial
capital of Loyang. He was a peer of the
famous Chinese philosopher Confucius
(551–479 B.C.E. ), and he is reported to
have given an interview to Confucius
when he came to Loyang seeking
information on the Chou ritual.

17. .
 According to a third
account, the original Lao
Tzu lived 129 years after the
death of Confucius. This
man went by the name of
Tan, the historian of Chou.
 Another man identified as the
founder of Taoism was Lao Lai
Tzu, who also came from Ch'u.
He is said to be a person of
the same age as Confucius
and is credited with a fifteen-
chapter book explaining the
teachings of the Taoist school.
Nothing more is known about
the second Lao Tzu

18. Actually, it is impossible to prove the historical
accuracy of any of these accounts. Lao Tzu is not
really a person's name and is only a
complimentary name meaning roughly "old man."
It was common in this period to refer to respected
philosophers and teachers with words meaning
"old" or "mature." It is possible that a man who
assumed the pseudonym Lao Tzu was a historical
person, but the term Lao Tzu also was used as a
substitute title to the supreme Taoist classic, Tao te
ching (Classic of the Way and the Power).

19. What are the rhetorical
strategies of Lao-Tzu?

20.  Format: resembles poetry, which suggests that
the reader must read metaphorically as well as
literally.
 Aphorism (A compressed statement weighty with
meaning).
 Paradox (a self-contradictory statement): forces
the reader to consider several sides of an issue.
The resulting confusion yields a wider range of
possibilities than would arise from a self-evident
statement. (It encourages critical analysis).
Examples of rhetorical
strategies

21. Meet with your teams for 5-7 minutes to discuss
“Questions for Critical Reading” and your QHQs before
we answer them together.

23. 1. To what extent does Lao-tzu
concern himself with individual
happiness?
1. How would you describe Lao-tzu’s
attitude toward the people?

24. 29

29. The QHQ
What do
you think?
My
QHQ

30.  Q: What is the best translation
of Tao?
 Q: Would the people think the
leader is weak if they do not
flaunt their power at least a
little bit?

31.  Q: What does it
mean to “practice
not doing”?

32. Q- What is Lao-tzu trying to
say when he says “The
master doesn’t talk, he
acts. When his work is
done, the people say,
“Amazing: we did it!, all by
ourselves!”
Q: How exactly does one
go about governing
without the people
knowing?

33. 
 Q: Is materialism
the source of a lot
of evil?
 Q: Why is Lao-tzu
so trusting on the
idea that people
would do the
right thing even
without the
concepts of
morality or
justice?

34. Q: Why does Lao-tzu say that
to stop doing everything will
actually make everything
goes better?

35. 30
Q: Why does Lao-tzu
mean when he says,
“Because he accepts
himself, the whole
world accepts him?”

36.  Lao-tzu states that “Weapons
are the tools of violence; all
decent men detest them.” If
people detest them then
why are they constantly
using them for violence?
 Why would Loa- tzu favor
any kind of military work?

37. In verse 65, Lao-tzu
says that “the ancient
Masters didn’t try to
educate the people,
but kindly taught them
to not-know.” What
does it mean?

38. How can
government
trust people to
not act badly?

39. Essay 2
Due Next Friday at noon.

40. Essay #2: GOVERNMENT
 Essay #2 will be in response to either the excerpt
from Lao-Tzu, Machiavelli, or both.
 Choose your topic from "Suggestions for Writing"
on pages 32-33, prompts 1-6, or on pages 50-51
prompts 1-5.
 It should be a least two pages long but not longer
than three pages (excluding a works cited page).
 It should be formatted MLA style.
 It is due next Friday before noon.

41. Essay #2
Suggestions for Writing
Pages 32-33
• Divide up the “Questions for
Critical Reading” for
Machiavelli on page 50

42. Vocabulary
Exam 4: Class 12

43. Vocabulary
 Ad hominem: "against the man"; attacking the arguer
rather than the argument or issue.
 Appeal to tradition: a proposal that something should
continue because it has traditionally existed or been
done that way.
 Argument: a process of reasoning and advancing proof
about issues on which conflicting views may be held;
also, a statement or statements providing support for a
claim.
 Authority: a respectable, reliable source of evidence.

44.  Begging the question: the arguer proves his conclusion
while assuming it to already be true. The premise for his
argument is based on the truth of his conclusion. In
other words, the argument assumes to be true what it is
supposed to be proving.
 Claim: the conclusion of an argument; what the arguer
is trying to prove.
 Credibility: the audience's belief in the arguer's
trustworthiness
 Deduction: reasoning by which we establish that a
conclusion must be true because the statements on
which it is based are true

45.  Ethos: the qualities of character, intelligence, and goodwill in
an argument that contribute to an audience's acceptance of
the claim.
 Euphemism: a pleasant or flattering expression used in place of
one that is less agreeable but possibly more accurate.
 Evidence: facts or opinions that support an issue or claim; may
consist of statistics, reports of personal experience, or views of
experts.
 Fallacy: an error of reasoning based on faulty use of evidence
or incorrect inference.
 False analogy: assuming without sufficient proof that if objects
or processes are similar in some ways, then they are similar in
other ways as well;

46. Homework
 Read A World of Ideas: Government: Machiavelli "The
Qualities of the Prince” pages 35-50
 Post #19 Questions (TBD based on teams) for Critical
Reading : (page 50)
 Post #20 QHQ Machiavelli
 Study Vocabulary (Test class 12)
 Consider Essay #2: Which of the prompts about Lao-Tzu
would you choose?