about telecommunication which teaches about the evolution of the network technology

1. EVOLUTION OF
TELECOMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
BY:-
VIVEK ANAND

2. FIRST GENERATION(1G)
Most popular 1G System during 1982 at Bell labs.
Also known as Advanced Mobile Phone System(AMPS).
The idea here was to divided the geographical Areas into cells.
Frequency:-850MHZ
Bandwidth:-2.4KBPS
Speed:-2Kbps
Access System:-FDMA.
Switching technique:-Circuit Switching.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

3. SECOND GENERATION(2G)
Most popular 2G System during 1991 at Finland.
Based on GSM(Global System for Mobile).
Deliver data rate of 5kB/s.
Frequency:-900 and 1800MHZ
Bandwidth:-30-200KHZ
Technology:-GSM.
Speed:-64Kbps
Access System:-TDMA,CDMA.
Switching technique:-Circuit Switching for voice and PS for data.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

4. FIRST GENERATION(2.5G)
Most popular 2.5G System during 1995.
Based on GPRS(General Packet Radio Serving ).
Data transfer at the rate of 160kb/s.
Frequency:-Same as 2G
Bandwidth:-384Kbps
Technology:-GPRS.
Speed:-115kbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Switching technique:-Packet Switching.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

5. SECOND GENERATION(2.7G)
Most popular 2.7G System during 1997.
Deliver data rate of 500kB/s Using same GPRS Infrastructure.
Uses 8PSK Modulation.
Frequency:-same as 2G
Technology:-GSM.
Speed:-239kbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

6. THIRD GENERATION PARTNERSHIP
PROJECT(3GPP)
Most popular 3G was on developing phase ,using W-CDMA.
During Year 1999,UMTS(Universal mobile telecommunication system).
In year 2000, Governing bodies formed 3GPP standard and it’s govern by
ITU-R(International Telecommunication Union Radio communication
Sector.

7. THIRD GENERATION (3G)
In year 2000.
Release 99.
The goal was to provide data rate of minimum 2mbits/sec for stationary and
384kb/s for moving user.
Based on spread spectrum radio transmission technology.
Data transfer at the rate of 3megabits/s.
Frequency:-800,850,900,1700,1900MHZ
Bandwidth:-5MHZ
Technology:-W-CDMA.
Speed:-2Mbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Switching technique:-Packet Switching.
Core Network:-Packet Network.

8. RELEASE
Release 4 (2001):-
Provide efficient use of IP.
This was the key Enabler for 3G HSDPA(High speed downlink packet
Access).
Release 5 (2002):-
It include core of HSDPA.
Provide reduced delay for downlink.
Provide data rate of 14MB/s.
Release 6 (2004):-
This include core of HSUPA(High speed uplink packet Access).
Reduce latency (delay).
Provide uplink data rate of 5.7mb/s.

9. Release 7 :-
This 3GPP standard include downlink MIMO operation as well as
support higher order modulation(to 64 QAM).
In year 2007 HSPA+(Evolved high speed packet Access has been
introduced in 3GPP Release 7.
Provide data rate up to 28mbits/s in downlink.
Provide data rate up to 11mb/s in uplink.
Release 8(was completed on 2007):-
• Reduced delay, for both connection establishment and transmission latency.
• Increased user data throughput.
• Increased cell.
 Release 9 was deployed by organization in 2009

10. FOURTH GENERATION(4G)
Most popular 4G System during 2010 .
Deliver data rate of 150MB/s download and 50 Mbit/sec for upload.
Frequency:-700MHZ,1.7/2.1GHZ,2.3,2.5GHZ
Bandwidth:-20MHZ
Technology:-LTE,WIMAX.
Speed:-1Gbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Switching technique:- Packet Switching.
Core Network:-Internet.

11. SUBSEQUENT RELEASE FROM( RELEASE 10-RELEASE 13) MULTIPLE
SERVICES ARE:-
Multicell HSDPA.
HETNET
Carrier Aggregation
Massive MIMO

12. FIFTH GENERATION(5G)
Most popular 5G System during 2018.
Based on OFDM(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing).
Deliver data rate faster then 4G.
Frequency:-300GHZ
Bandwidth:-40MHZ
Technology:-MIMO.
Speed:-10Gbps
Access System:-OFDMA.
Switching technique:-Packet Switching .
Core Network:-Internet.