Evolution of Short Stories in the World and India
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A short presentation made on the evolution of short stories in the world. What it consists:- 1. Mythic Origins 2. Renaissance 3. Romanticism 4. Realism 5. Modern Short Stories 6. Internet Age 7. Tiny Tales The presentation takes from the beginning of the short stories to the current version that is tiny tales. Note:- We have provided graphs and some data in the presentation. These graphs are made on many assumptions and with an accumulation of more than 100 different sources. The Objective of uploading this files is that it is one of its kind and when we were preparing this project we had to literally search the entire internet. So to make life easier for fellow researchers I am uploading this file. I hope it helps everyone who is looking for it.
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Evolution of Short Stories in the World and India
- 1. Evolution of Short Stories Sagar Bhatt – 461 Pritesh Sadani - 403
- 2. Short story (Modern terms) A story with a fully developed theme but significantly shorter and less elaborate than a novel. - Oxford
- 3. Time Line
- 5. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Myth Renaissance Romanticism Realism Modern Short stories Internet Age Tiny tales Proportion of Readers
- 6. Mythic Origins (7th century) • Based on Judeo-Christianity • Stories revolving around religion • Middle ages (Fall of roman empire) • Giovanni Boccaccio, central figure of movement towards renaissance ‘The creation of Adam’ Michelangelo
- 7. Renaissance
- 8. Renaissance (14th-17th century) • The revival of European art and literature • Its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry • Humanist approach in study • Human Emotions in art Leonardo Da Vinci “Renaissance Man”
- 9. Romanticism
- 10. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Myth Renaissance Romanticism Realism Modern Short stories Internet Age Tiny tales Proportion of Readers
- 11. Romanticism (18th century) • Emphasis on emotion and individualism • Impressionism an extension of romanticism • Traces of it were also in 13th century • Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution • Regarded satire as something unworthy of serious attention, a prejudice still influential today. Edgar Allan Poe Central figure of Romanticism ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’
- 12. Downfall 1 “The novel which is better able to expand in order to create an illusion of everyday reality became the favored form of Realist. On the other hand, The short story, basically a romantic form that requires more artifice and patterning, fell to a secondary role.” -The art of short story, Book
- 13. Realism
- 15. Realism (Mid 19th century) • Depicted social reality & everyday activities of ordinary people • Also known as ‘objective reality’ • Characters were given more importance that the plot • Direct narration MarkTwain ‘Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’
- 17. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Myth Renaissance Romanticism Realism Modern Short stories Internet Age Tiny tales Proportion of Readers
- 18. Modern short stories • “The 19th century short stories were interested in the moral problems and how to resolve the dilemma where as stories of 20's focused on fully developed moral problems which had no solutions” - The art of Short story, BOOK • Bonaro overstreet has suggested that 19th century short stories dependent on two basic faiths; That one can know Right from Wrong because a basic social code of values was taken for granted. Where as in 20th century, As a result of world war 1, These faiths were lost and consequently we are thrown back up the study of human nature, motives, fears, wants, prejudice.
- 19. Modern Short stories (End of 19th century) • Critics believe, Stephen Crane to be the originator In America • “Crane used a combination of the subjectivity of romanticism, which is known as impressionism with the objectivity of realism to begin this era.” – Joseph Conrad O’ Henry 600 stories “The Gift of the Magi”
- 21. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Myth Renaissance Romanticism Realism Modern Short stories Internet Age Tiny tales Proportion of Readers
- 22. Internet Age (21st century) • “But that analysis did point to some other possible drivers of the decline in literary reading. There are a lot more products and platforms competing for your attention today than there were 30 years ago — video games have exploded in popularity and movies have transformed from something you did at the theater to something you do at home. Perhaps most important, the Internet, with its infinite distractions, did not exist 30 years ago” -TheWashington post
- 23. Internet Age (21st century) • Rise of social media • Shift from print to electronic medium • Mediatization • Rise in blogging • High intensity of free online material Source: Surveycast
- 25. Comparative Analysis Short Stories Blogs & Articles Nature Metaphoric Direct Appeal Specific Most Accessibility Difficult Online & Easy Comprehension Difficult for most Easy for most Content Lengthy short Interpretation Open ended Well Defined Cost Considerable Free or Negligible
- 30. Indian Side of Evolution (Addition after presentation) • Panchtantras (Animal fables, originally in Sanskrit, 3rd BCE, About conduct of society) • The Jatak tales (About Previous lives of Gautam Buddha, 5th century) • The Kathāsaritsāgara (By Somadeva, 11th century, Indian legends, fairy tales and folk tales) • 1935, Portraying real life of India, (Authors like Mulk Raj Anand, R.K. Narayan, and Raja Rao.) • 1947, Partition related short stories (Sadat hasan Manto, Gulzar, etc) • Modern Indian short stories (regarding Women empowerment & regional issues as the Part of country)
- 31. Other Literary eras • Naturalism • Impressionism • Liberalism • Intellectualism • Transcendentalism • Dada • Vachitarvaad • And 40 more.
- 32. Bibliography & credits • The art of short story (BOOK) • http://www.thehindu.com/books/historical-survey-of-indian- short-story/article103381.ece • https://www.britannica.com/art/short-story • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Age • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_story • https://blog.udemy.com/objective-vs-subjective/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Michelangelo) • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatello • http://public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/realism.htm • http://www.online-literature.com/periods/romanticism.php • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism • https://www.britannica.com/art/English-literature/The-Romantic-period • http://terriblytinytales.com/ • https://encrypted- tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTjCPIoEpVjUoi1xrgM1w3kSxcAWDt7YcCRH Cv2oTAJQTMoKa0ZDkiZL1ew • https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/09/07/the-long-steady- decline-of-literary-reading/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts)#Literature • http://www.surveycrest.com/blog/information-age-precursor-to-infrastructure- age/ • https://englicist.com/literary-term-theory/english-literary-movements-and-periods • http://www.induswomanwriting.com/Indian-Short-Stories.html • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Christian • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_realism • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendentalism • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_literary_movements • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchatantra • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jataka_tales • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathasaritsagara
Editor's Notes
- the anecdote roman emire Before the 19th century the short story was not generally regarded as a distinct literary form.
- Was known as short fiction since 9th century
- An era where actually art was important
- The article talked about why there Is a significant fall in the readers of litrature