Evidence Unit
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•403 views
The document outlines the building blocks of an argument, including a claim supported by evidence and reasoning. It then discusses the different types of evidence that can support a claim, such as precedent, statistical, testimonial, hearsay, and common knowledge evidence. The document also notes that all information is biased and results from interpretation. It provides overviews and definitions of each type of evidence and tests that can be applied to evidence, such as whether it is verified, the best source, acceptable, recent, sufficient, and consistent with other sources.
More Related Content
More from Jim Marteney
More from Jim Marteney (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Evidence Unit
- 1. Evidence The Building Blocks of an Argument
- 2. Claim Contention #1 Contention #2 Contention #3 Evidence R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g An Argument
- 3. Claim Contention #1 Contention #2 Contention #3 Evidence R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g R e a s o n i n g An Argument Proof: combination of evidence and reasoning
- 4. Evidence Facts or information presented to support a claim May be directly observed or obtained from secondary sources Can have different levels of quality
- 5. Evidence Without evidence you just have an assertion on the lower end of the Continuum of Certainty
- 7. Evidence Overview Data Information Knowledge Different Levels of Evidence Wisdom Raw Cognitions Interpreted Cognitions Organized Information Effective use of knowledge
- 8. Evidence Overview All information is biased Key Understanding All information results from interpretation
- 9. Evidence 1. Precedent Types past events that suggest future actions Two Kinds Legal Precedent Personal Precedent Past court verdicts What others have done
- 10. Evidence Numerical reporting of specific instances Polls, surveys, scientific observation But, there is a difference between raw data and information 2. Statistical EvidenceTypes
- 11. An opinion of reality as stated by another person What others say about a situation Sometimes referred to as secondary sources 3. Testimonial EvidenceTypes
- 12. Three Kinds Eye Witness Expert Witness 3. Testimonial EvidenceTypes Historiography
- 13. Assertions repeated from person to person Often called rumor or gossip evidence 4. Hearsay EvidenceTypes Reached new heights on social media But, they can be accurate
- 14. What is assumed everyone knows Used when not dealing in a real controversy 5. Common Knowledge EvidenceTypes Audience will generally accept the assertion without further challenge But, not always that common
- 15. Evidence Precedent Statistical Testimonial Hearsay Common Knowledge past suggesting the future Numbers What others saw What others say What most accept Types
- 16. Verified Best Acceptable Can other sources corroborate? Is there a better source? Is this evidence acceptable to the audience Tests for Evidence Recency Sufficiency Consistent Is evidence too old to be of use? Is there enough evidence? Do other sources contradict?