Evaluate The Impact Of RBS's PPI Scandal On Stakeholders

Evaluate The Milgram Experiment
In 1984, after the trial of World War 2 criminal Adolph Eichmann, Stanley Milgram created an experiment where his starting hypothesis was to see if
Germans had a character flaw which made them more obedient which correlated to the holocaust. He put an advertisement in the newspaper for
volunteers for an educational experiment who would be paid on hour for $4.50. The experiment itself wasn't real, but the participants didn't know that
it going in. The experiment was once they got into the "laboratory", they picked from a hat and one would get "teacher" and the other "learner" but it
is rigged so the participants will always get "teacher". Jack William who is the experimenter takes the "learner" into a room to strap them into the
shock machine while the "teacher" watches and at this time, the "teacher" is informed of the "learners" heart condition and Jack Williams pushes...
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He obtained scores from them between 2,170 and 2,220 on the SAT and as high as 33 out of 36 on the ACT. He even charged teens for the process of
making fake I.D's for getting into the testing buildings. He charged $500 – $3,600, depending on their finical status. He quotes that he knew he was
doing something illegal but once he started he couldn't stop, because the demand was too high and the pay was too good. The downside to this
scheme was once he took the test for people, it was proven that they got into very high ranked schools but dropped out because they couldn't keep up
with the rigorous course load that was asked of them to complete. Another thing is once he was caught, others confessed to get a less intense charge.
This is an example of someone doing something bad for their own benefit, in this case it's money as it was in the Milgram
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Unit 37 D1
Evaluate the impact of a selected business's ethical behaviour on stakeholders and the business.[D1]
FOR D1 write an essay to address below:
>This should focus on your chosen organisation and cover as many stakeholders as possible.
>Look also at the remaining issues in the unit from task 1, & 2 to add to your perspective.
>Remember, these are your views, but they should be backed up by clearly researched evidence.
In this report I will be looking at how my businesses activities and ethical behaviour affect different stakeholders with in my business.
My organisation (RBS). Royal Bank of Scotland is one of the world's top ten financial groups. The group employs 140,000 people across 30 countries
and operates out of more than 2000 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mis–selling gave people the wrong impression that they were insured if they lost their jobs or their source of income. People lose trust in banking
products as they expect to be assured in difficult times but when they find out they are not insured and will still have to repay loans they get mentally
stressed and they feel like they can't rely on banking products provided by RBS.
The Financial service authority and other regulatory bodies also have also suffered financially as they had to pay employees at FSA to investigate
the PPI scam. This is time consuming for them as they need to make sure that everyone who paid PPI is compensated. They have to spend time to
investigate and fine banks so next time they will not do anything unethical again. After this incident FSA are being stricter on the way that banks
operate and have amended laws regarding selling products to customers and banking what the bank is allowed to do and what they are restricted to do.
The FSA is looking into how banks interact with customers and are paying more attention to all products that banks are selling.
Most customers have been compensated by RBS; however I believe RBS's trust bond with their customers has already been damaged. This influences
customer's behaviour before they buy and insurance products or additional insurance products as they will think twice before

An Investigation Into the Differences Between Retail and...
An investigation into the differences between retail and investment banks
Over the past decades, retail banks have remained the main commercial bank for consumers, rather than corporations or other banks. The investment
bank has become more popular amongst individuals, corporations and governments which are interested in raising their profits. Retail banks and
investment banks have different organizational structures and activities. So they have many differences, such as services, customers and profits. And
this report aims to distinguish between the retail bank and the investment bank in order to identify their specific service areas. Firstly, the author will
review some literature focusing on the definitions. Secondly, the author will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are also many advantages of the investment banks which usually provide services for the company. First of all, most of the investment banks
are global company and it can provide services more widely than the retail banks. Such as Morgan Stanley is a leading global financial services firm
providing a wide range of investment banking, securities, investment management and wealth management It reports US$779 billion as assets under its
management. Its headquarter located in Midtown Manhattan , New York City. It has companies in 37 countries with over 1,200 offices, employees
dedicated to local businesses, government agencies, institutions and individuals. So the investment banks can provide the services (such as trading of
derivatives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange and commodities) all over the world. Secondly, the revenue of the investment banks
significantly more than profit of other types of banks. If you save your extra money in the retail banks, you can only get the interest from the rates. But
if you sand your money to the investment banks you can get remarkable returns although it has a high risk. For example the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
is an American investment bank and securities. And it provides mergers and acquisitions advice, underwriting services, asset management, and prime
brokerage to its clients, which include corporations, governments and individuals. Amazingly, the company in US profits reached a

SWOT Analysis of the Balanced Scorecard in the UK Banking...
In the last two decades of the 20th century, the UK banking industry experienced huge change because of three factors: deregulation, new technology
and increasing competition (Gardener et al, 1999, cited in Hailey et al, 2005). Some banks such as NatWest, Halifax and Royal Bank of Scotland
(RBS), have successfully survived from the impact of the new century. Just as the head of employee at RBS indicates, the most significant part of their
success is the use of the Balanced Scorecard in the performance of employees.
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic planning and management system that is used widely in different organizations all over the world. The
concept was originated by Robert Kaplan and David Norton in the early 1990s. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NatWest is the largest commercial bank in the UK. It is a member of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group now. NatWest is a bank with a long history
which dates back to 1650. It has survived from the huge change in UK banking industry for the use of the Balanced Scorecard. Now it has a large
extent of services, which consist of more than 1,500 branches in the UK. Today, NatWest has more than 7 million private customers.
Figure 1: The performance management cycle at NatWest (Armstrong, 2003)
NatWest modified the framework of BSC by measuring performance through four dimensions: financial results, customer service, and internal
processes and people management. In a way, the Balance Scorecard method has been extended to the measurement of individual performance, thus, it
has integrated with organizational measures (Armstrong, 2003). Figure 1 show the performance management cycle at NatWest. In the next, I will use
the SWOT method to analysis how BSC influence the UK bank sector.
SWOT analysis of the BSC in the UK banking sector
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a project. It can show a
comprehensive assessment about a subject.
Strengths: Having been used for more than ten years, BSC is undoubtedly a good method of measuring. Firstly, four measures are enough to give an
overall impression of the performance. They present individual performance in

Banking of Uk
1. The financial crisis of 2007/2008 and its impact on the UK and other economies
Do you still feel vague about the causes and the effects of the financial crisis of 2007/8? Are you preparing for a job interview in either the private or
public sector?
The events of 2007/8 have shaped both the current UK commercial and business scene and are now having a massive effect on the public sector.
Similar impacts are being felt across Europe and the wider world. Knowing a bit more about what happened might give you more confidence going
into the interview! This leaflet will give you a basic understanding of the causes of the financial crisis of 2007/2008 and the impact which it had on
the UK and other economies. Topics covered are: пѓј пѓј пѓј пѓј пѓј ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lenders will charge higher interest rates than for conventional mortgages as they seek to compensate for carrying higher risk).
Banks became increasingly worried about both the value of their own mortgage books and particularly the value of the mortgage–securitised
investments they had bought from other institutions As a result they became reluctant to lend to other banks in the short–term money markets. This
crisis of confidence led to major liquidity problems for many banks and insurance companies worldwide. Liquidity means the ability of institutions,
including banks, to meet their short term obligations including repayment of short term loans.
The oil price eventually peaked at $147 per barrel in mid 2008.
How did the crisis develop during 2008?
The Bank of England had to provide financial support to the Northern Rock Building Society in the latter part of 2007, to prevent a run on the
society's cash by depositors. It became necessary to formally nationalise Northern Rock in February 2008 (i.e. the Government became its major
shareholder, having used taxpayers' money to support it). Early in 2008 a major US investment bank, Bear Stearns, had to be rescued by J.P. Morgan
with US Government support. The crisis deepened in the summer of 2008 and on the 7th September 2008, two
major US mortgage finance operations, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,

To what extent is diversification the best strategy to...
Novartis, a large multinational pharmaceutical company, recently diversified by buying Alcon, in a ВЈ24.8bn deal. Alcon is a producer of eye care
products such as contact lenses. Google has diversified by investing ВЈ124m in a wind power business. To what extent is diversification the best
strategy to achieve profitable growth? Justify your answer with reference to Novartis, Google and/ or other organisations that you know. (40 marks)
Diversification – Practice under which a firm enters an industry or market different from its core business.
Growth – The process of improving some measure of an enterprise's success. Business growth can be achieved either by boosting the top line or
revenue of the business with greater product sales or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example In 2004 Branson was set to enter the music industry once again by diversifying into the online music industry through an online music
store service just like Apple. He also released his own mp3 called the 'Pulse' that was to rival Apple's Ipod. Unfortunately he closed both products later
that year due to the fact that Apple kept releasing new products that made the 'Pulse' outdated with Apple's high brand awareness, Virgin found it
difficult to rival a large market leader therefore caused them to retrench and withdraw their product. This shows that although diversifications seem the
best strategy for profitable growth, it does pose many risks especially when entering new unfamiliar markets.
On the other hand there are also many other strategies that can achieve profitable growth such as a takeover or a merger. Orange and T–Mobile were
two mobile phone companies that had nearly reached the end of their product life cycle in 2008 due to the rising popularity of other networks offering
new USP's such as 3's unlimited internet and Vodaphones 'freebees' perks. However with the equal merger of the two companies in 2010 and
performing under the new refurbished name that is EE (everything everywhere), it is now the largest mobile network operator in the UK, with around
28 million customers. The synergy between these two companies has not only increased

Leadership and Motivation Essay
"Leadership is a process where one person influences a group of others to achieve group or organizational goals– Leadership is thus about motivation."
Table of Contents
TopicPage Number
1Executive Summary3
2Leadership3
2.1Leadership Definition4
3The Four Main Phases of Leadership Theory4
4Motivation7
4.1Motivation Models and Theories7
5Motivation and Leadership Styles8
6Case Study– Royal Bank of Scotland Group: Motivation and Leadership10
7Conclusion11 References14 1. Executive Summary
This paper is about leadership and motivation. One of the main issues is whether a leader can effectively lead individuals (be they employees or not)
without motivating them in way or another.
Leadership is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
BehavioralHere the focus has shifted from the leader to leadership. Two primary dimensions of behavior: task–orientation and follower–orientation.
Thus, two types: authoritarian and democratic with differences reside in the focus of power. Productivity is expected to be higher in the democratic
dimension.
The theory suggests that effective leaders behave differently than less–effective leaders.
There is job–centered behavior or initiating–structure behavior as opposed to employee–centered behavior or consideration behavior. Both styles are at
ends of a single quantum.
The behavior is an interaction of style and expectations. Example: An army officer shows behavior of high levels of conformity and appreciation and
respect to the roles and expectations. In contrast to an employee in a research and development unit or a creative studio who strive on creativity and
breaking the mould– thinking "out of the box".

ContingencySuch theories are continuation of the situational approach to leadership. In these theories the factor of situation and behavioral aspects are
taken into consideration. The leader's appropriate behavior changes with situation. The favorableness of the situation depends on the leader's
interpretation and point of view.
It takes more specific account of

Ethics And Social Responsibilty Assignment
ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY ASSIGNMENT
1.1 A stakeholder of a company is an individual or group which either; is hurt by, or profits from, the enterprise; or whose rights can be abused or must
be regarded by the organization.(Crane and Matten,2007: 57) In the financial crisis case study, one can safely identify shareholders, bank customers and
government as some of the stakeholders who are affected by the banking sector crisis triggered by the egoistic need to make a return on capital and
deregulations. Having identified the stakeholders, the harms and benefits as it has affected these stakeholders are discussed as follows and future
recommendations suggested.
Using the stakeholders' theory suggested by Evan and Freeman (1993) cited in Crane and Matten (2010: 61–62). The two simple principles of
corporate rights and corporate effects were not adhered to. The bank action violates the rights of the shareholders to information by hidden the truth
about the underlying weakness in their financial position. The fiduciary relationship of bankers with the shareholders can also be said to have been
violated thereby causing negative consequences of loss of investment, diminishing long term share price and state ownership of banks for example the
Royal Bank of Scotland takeover.
Bank customers were negatively affected through harder to get loan, falling value of housing market, tight regulation, higher taxation and cut in public
expenditures. However, the benefit is that bank

Comparison between the Great Gatsby and Macbeth
Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's most intense plays and one his most complex psychological studies. It is also a play about which there is a great
deal of historical background, which I think you'll find interesting because it reveals Shakespeare's creative process. The play was written in
1605––1606. It's one of the plays where the date is pretty firmly established by internal references to external events, and most scholars have agreed
on the date. Shakespeare was at the height of creative powers, and his theatrical company, the King's Men, was the official royal acting company. He
had the large Globe Theater, a large public playhouse on the south bank of the Thames. He would soon open the Blackfriars Theater, a small private...
The historical Macbeth had become king in the year 1040 when he killed the previous king, Duncan, in battle. To put this in a historical context, this
is hardly the Middle Ages; it's still the Dark Ages, as historians have termed the various stages of European history. It is 26 years before the
Norman invasion of England, which is generally considered to be the beginning of the medieval period in Britain. In 1040 Macbeth became king and
ruled for 17 years until he was overthrown and killed by Duncan's son, who became King Malcolm III. Malcolm is famous primarily because he
married an English princess named Margaret who was later made a saint. According to the Scottish historian Archibald Duncan, little is known about
Macbeth and his lovely wife Grunnich, except that they were pious and endowed a religious house at St. Andrew's (which is probably the caddy shack
on the fourth green of that famous golf course –– joke). The couple went on a religious pilgrimage to Rome where, the chroniclers said, "they sowed
money like seed." (Many of us when we go on vacation do the same thing.) That's all we know for certain about the real Macbeth. Now the fact that
Macbeth killed the previous king was not a big deal. Of the eight Scottish kings who ruled during this time, seven had died unnatural deaths, including
several who burned to death until suspicious circumstances. It was highly unusual for a Scottish

12345678
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle and its Implications for Financial Institutions
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Master of Business Administration
By
KARTIK CHANDRA CHATURVEDI
Batch (2013–2015) University Roll No: S133F0010 December 2014
Under the guidance of
NIDHI KAICKER
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, PUBLIC POLICY AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY DELH
PAGE 1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that I have successfully completed the project titled Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle and its Implications for Financial Institutions
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration at the School of Business, Public Policy and
Social Entrepreneurship, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study draws economic analogies for Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle and concentrates on the 17 largest Investment Banks and the 10 largest
Mutual Funds. It tries to quantify the uncertainty and lists the economic mass of every institution from among the two groups and the average
economic masses of each group as well. The study was restricted to publically listed Investment Banks and Mutual Funds and the model was not
applicable to privately held and boutique banks and also wasn't applicable to hedge funds and other private funds which did not report their Net Asset
Value Returns. According to the findings, the economic mass was highest for Goldman Sachs while Toronto Domino Bank shows the least economic
mass. When it comes to Mutual Funds, Pimco the world's largest mutual fund had the lowest economic mass; the exposure to the crisis could be the

reason behind this. The American Funds Growth Fund of America has the highest economic mass. This study has been able to show that the
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle has implications for financial institutions. For future research, one could look into applying the model for privately
held Financial Institutions and those funds which do not report their returns like Hedge Funds.
PAGE 5
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NUMBER 1). 2). 3). 4). 5). 6). 7). 8). 9). TITLE LIST OF INVESTMENT BANKS LIST OF MUTUAL FUNDS LIST OF TIME SERIES
TESTS CARRIED

Introduction to Debt Capital Markets
BUILDING TOMORROWв„ў
Introduction to Debt Capital Markets
Craig Rydqvist
rbs.com/gbm
Introduction
My background
Finance sector focussed education and experience but not 'traditional' IB route Education
First degree – BSc in Management Studies; Postgraduate – MSc Masters in Finance (part–time).
Work Experience
KPMG – Financial Sector Audit and Consulting (ACA); Barclays Capital – Finance followed by Trading and Structuring; RBS – Finance followed by
DCM Origination.
Current Role

Director – Conduit Origination; Sell side origination, execution and structuring; Buy side transaction analysis as RBS is ultimate risk taker; Line
Manager for Global Banking Analyst Programme.
Mature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(EURm) (%) 4,161 35 11.11 3,518 23 9.40 2,922 18 7.80 2,909 20 7.77 1,820 16 4.86 37,441 88 100 2013 Target Position: Top 5
Amount (EURm) 2,398 1,360 1,335 1,300 1,095
15,638
No. 13 9 8 9 6
37
Share (%) 15.34 8.70 8.54 8.31 7.00
100
в—Џ в—Џ в—Џ в—Џ в—Џ
Source: Dealogic Analytics
2013 Target Position: Top 5
RBS is a market leader in all the major DCM products
RBS00000
8
Major differences between DCM and ....
Corporate Finance
Corporate Finance has lower execution volume As a result lots of time spent pitching strategic ideas DCM is more transaction focussed DCM bankers
have more respect for your private life

Markets Markets covers, sales, trading, research and other areas so it's a little hard to generalise Markets work more driven by market psychology and
sort–term trends and relative value DCM generally more macro–economic focus so interaction is with the client C–suite
Equity Capital Markets DCM bankers are pessimists, ECM bankers are optimists DCM involves more 'definite' maths – bond maths is

Free Trade vs Protectionism Essay
Content page pages
Question one 1.1 identify all stakeholders 2 1.2 Unitarian perspective 3 1.3 Maxim of duties 1.4 clashes of rights 4 1.5 an alternative ethical approach
Question two * introduction 5 * corporate social responsibility * definition of corporate social responsibility * Company profile * RBS social policy ...
This case obviously targets a utilitarian perspective. Such an analysis focus on harms and benefits induced by a certain decision. In this case, the
decision is to whether to change the banking regulation system from risky bonus driven system to conservative more regulated institution. A Possible
list could look like the following: Stakeholders and what they want | harm| Benefit| Banks–they want to have access to their retail operations financed
their more riskier investment operation| This reform will effectively remove the implicit state guarantee standing behind investment banks will increase
their cost of borrowing.| A good banking system is one that is useful and secure; as well as economically, socially and environmentally fit for purpose.|
Government in the UK.–The government wants to find a solution for the banks, because currently regulation can't prevent future banking failure.| Bank
bosses are suggesting the split could wipe 0.3% of gross domestic product at a time when economic growth looks increasingly fragile.| This reform
will make it easier for government and less costly to resolve banks that get into trouble.| Businesses–availability of low interest short–term and
long–term loans. | The banking reforms will make banks expensive for individuals and small businesses to use banking facilities. Because banks will
allocate the expenses incurred to the end customer.

Case Study Of ABNA AMRO
In 2007, ABN AMRO Holding NV was acquired by RFS, a consortium of banks comprising Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), Fortis Bank NV/SA, and
Banco Santander. The acquisition talks were initiated after a shareholder wrote a letter asking the CEO, Rijkman Groenink, and the supervisory board
chairman, Arthur Martinez, to actively investigate a merger, acquisition or division ofABN AMRO. The motivation was that the share price did not
reflect the true value of the underlying assets. On March 20, 2007, ABN AMRO established it was having merger talks with Barclays.
On April 18, 2007, however, RBS contacted ABN AMRO to propose a deal in which the consortium RFS would bid for ABN AMRO and subsequently
split the components of the firm.
On 23 April, ABN AMRO and Barclays announced the proposed acquisition of ABN AMRO by Barclays. The deal was valued at в‚¬67 billion and
included the sale of LaSalle Bank to Bank of America for в‚¬21 billion.
Two days later, the RBS–led consortium brought out its indicative offer, worth в‚¬72 billion, if ABN AMRO... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
On 3 May 2007, the Dutch Investors' Association (Vereniging van Effectenbezitters), with the support of shareholders representing up to 20 percent
of ABN's shares, took its case to the Dutch commercial court in Amsterdam, seeking an injunction against the LaSalle sale. The court ruled that the
sale of LaSalle could not be viewed apart from the current merger talks of Barclays with ABN AMRO, and that the ABN AMRO shareholders should
be able to approve other possible merger/acquisition candidates in a general shareholder meeting. However in July 2007, the Dutch Supreme Court
ruled that Bank of America's acquisition of LaSalle Bank could proceed and Bank of America absorbed LaSalle effective 1 October

Customer Satisfaction Survey at the Royal Bank of Scotland
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION SURVEY AT THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND|
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere gratitude to our industry guide Ms.Shalini Menon, Vice–President Business Banking, The Royal Bank of Scotland for her able
guidance, continuous support and cooperation throughout our project, without which the present work would not have been possible.
We would also like to thank the entire team of RBS business banking, for the constant support and help in the successful completion of my project.
Also, we are thankful to our faculty guide Mr. Swarnpreet Singh of our institute, for his continued guidance and invaluable encouragement.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction * Objective Literature Review *... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These claims on banks can act as money because they are negotiable or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par. They are effectively
transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or cash. 2. Netting and settlement of payments
– banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be
presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economies on reserves held for settlement of payments, since inward and outward
payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them. 3.
Credit intermediation – banks borrow and lend back–to–back on their own account as middle men. 4. Credit quality improvement – banks lend money
to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification
of the bank's assets and capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its obligations. However, banknotes and deposits are
generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to raise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note
holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position.
INDIAN BANKING

If Scotland Goes, Bankers Fear Britain Could Exit The...
The article "If Scotland goes, bankers fear Britain could exit the European Union" was written by Jenny Anderson, published in The New York Times
on 11th September 2014. This article brings out a completely new perspective regarding Scotland's independence. Every news article nowadays has
been focusing on the political aspect of Scotland's independence, but Anderson focuses on one of the major consequences which might occur if
Scotland becomes an independent country, and that is the exit of Britain from the European Union (EU), which most people are calling 'Brexit'. Brexit
is not a just a political debacle, but also a great financial issue. The author points out that it is considered to be a bigger concern than Scotland's
independence. Bankers and other financial sectors feel that Brexit can cause a huge deal of loss, because Britain is said to be the gateway for the rest
of the 28 nation European Union, a market which holds about 500 million more than what is prevalent in the United States and Japan combined.
Anderson feels that for most big businesses like Goldman Sachs or Citigroup, London is the financial capital, which provides a gateway for nearly all of
Europe. Without the unregulated access, the free flow of capital, resources, talent and goods and services would have to be renegotiated, making it
difficult for the European nations. The financial industry is said to be the most affected since it accounts for about 7 percent of Britain's gross

Corporate Governance RBS Essay
The Royal Bank of Scotland Case
Nicole Kraemer (413991)
The rise and fall of the Royal Bank of Scotland is characterized by poor corporate governance which allowed for the complete dominance of the
executive management over the board of directors and a massive principal–agent problem. Positive social dynamics and the power of weak ties allowed
for compliance while intimidation and bullying tactics silenced questions, concerns and opposition. The board's utter compliancy and borderline
negligence enabled rampant, unchecked empire–building at the cost of shareholder value and led to a spiral of unaccountability and gross
incompetence. Stakeholders' loss of confidence from misinformation and misdirection was an inevitability that sealed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Talks about the legality of the merger delayed the sale of ABN, during which the housing market situation worsened and analysts warned that the crisis
was spreading up investment chain. During this time, Goodwin admitted that RBS is involved in subprime mortgage trading but only minimally17.
Here we see a failure of the board to look at management critically. They accepted only the information presented to them by the CEO and did not
demand a better picture on the state of RBS's business in mortgage trading even while the CEO's story seemed to constantly be changing. The board
exists as a watchdog to the executive management yet nothing was done to hold the CEO accountable to the truth.
Meanwhile, Goodwin ignored warnings of the worsening crisis while at the same time failing to conduct a due diligence assessment of ABN's assets
and in October 2007 the consortium secured the takeover for в‚¬71bn18,19. The deal was unanimously approved by the RBS board and the payment
made in cash from the bank's reserves. This led to a fatal mismatch of the long–term assets and short–term liabilities.
By December it had become apparent that ABN was heavily entrenched in exposure to subprime loans and RBS lost over ВЈ1.5bn20. Despite repeated
denials that RBS would not have to resort to inorganic capital growth, Goodwin confirmed they would sell ВЈ12bn in new shares a couple months
later21. Faith rapidly evaporated, the market was thrown into chaos and share prices

The Financial Services Industry : Corporate Structure,...
The financial services industry will be described by four different markets: banking, securities, insurance and pension. The discussion will cover matters
linked to topics such as corporate structure, legislation and regulation, hot topics in UK financial markets and impacts from other industries. .
1.Banking (Corporate structure)
There are 5 main independent British retail banks: HSBC, Lloyds Banking Group (LBG), Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS), Barclays and
Standard Chartered. In the 2008 financial crisis, the UK government announced a bank rescue package which includes purchases of a combination of
ordinary shares and preference shares from certain banks through the Bank Recapitalisation Fund. However, this fund was rejected by HSBC, Standard
Chartered and Barclays. RBS raised ВЈ20 billion from the fund and the government purchased ВЈ5 billion preference shares and ВЈ15 billion ordinary
shares from RBS. HBOS and Lloyds TSB together raised ВЈ17 billion, and government purchased ВЈ8.5 billion preference shares and ВЈ8.5 billion
ordinary shares.
With the recovery of the economics, UK government start selling shares of RBS and Lloyds TSB to reduce the state–owned portion in the bank shares.
In August 2015, government sold ВЈ2.1bn of shares in RBS at a loss, as reported by BBC .
2.Securities (Impacts from other industries):
The securities sector is composed of stock brokers, fund managers, collective funds, private equity and etc. One of the current matters in UK is the

The 's Over Its Long History
Barclay's over its long history has grown into one of the largest financial groups in the United Kingdom3. Since there early start in banking, Barclays
has since then diversified itself into investment banking, and investment management as well. They operate over 850 branches in over 60 countries in
which 2000 are based in the United Kingdom3. "The company has over 4.5 million registered online bankers and over 10.6 million Barclaycard
customers in the United Kingdom"3. Barclay's is currently the 7th largest bank in the world with assets valuing $2.41 trillion.
Barclay's has an extensive history as one of the oldest banks in the world dating back to the late 17th century. John Freame and Thomas Gould were
goldsmiths working in Lombard ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Libor, the London Interbank Lending Rate, is considered to be one of the most important rates in finance because trillions of financial contracts utilize
this rate. Libor is used globally as a "benchmark interest rate"2 in which it is used to set up a range of financial deals. It is also used as measure for
financial institutions to gauge their trust level in the financial system and to check each institutions financial health. This rate is determined by a group
of leading banks that submit the rates of ten different currencies and fifteen lengths of loans, which range from overnight to twelve months2. The most
important part is the "three–month dollar Libor"2, which is the rate that other banks would borrow from each other for three months. Traders managed
to manipulate this rate because the rates submitted are estimates; it would be relatively easy to submit false figures2. Traders in other banks devised a
plan with each other by submitting rates that were higher or lower than the actual estimate in order to control the interest rate.
Libor is an interest rate that is determined by the rates at which banks lend funds to each other on the London interbank market. Every day the banks
submit their borrowing costs to the Thomson Reuters data collection service in which an agent calculates out Libor2. The agent discards the highest
and lowest quarter of submissions and then

Banks in India
Nationalisation of Banks
Despite the provisions, control and regulations of Reserve Bank of India, banks in India except the State Bank of India or SBI, continued to be owned
and operated by private persons. By the 1960s, the Indian banking industry had become an important tool to facilitate the development of the Indian
economy. At the same time, it had emerged as a large employer, and a debate had ensued about the nationalization of the banking industry. Indira
Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, expressed the intention of the Government of India in the annual conference of the All India Congress Meeting
in a paper entitled "Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation."[2] The meeting received the paper with enthusiasm.
Thereafter, her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One may also expect M&As, takeovers, and asset sales.
In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank (a private sector bank) to 10%.
This is the first time an investor has been allowed to hold more than 5% in a private sector bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any
stake exceeding 5% in the private sector banks would need to be vetted by them.
In recent years critics have charged that the non–government owned banks are too aggressive in their loan recovery efforts in connection with
housing, vehicle and personal loans. There are press reports that the banks' loan recovery efforts have driven defaulting borrowers to suicide
List of Nationalised Banks
1.Allahabad Bank
2.Andhra Bank
3.Bank of Baroda
4.Bank of India
5.Bank of Maharashtra
6.Canara Bank
7.Central Bank of India
8.Corporation Bank
9.Dena Bank
10.IDBI Bank
11.Indian Bank
12.Indian Overseas Bank

13.Oriental Bank of Commerce
14.Punjab and Sind Bank
15.Punjab National Bank
16.Repco Bank
17.State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
18.State Bank of Hyderabad
19.State Bank of India
20.State Bank of Mysore
21.State Bank of Patiala
22.State Bank of Travancore
23.Syndicate Bank
24.UCO Bank
25.Union Bank of India
26.United Bank of India
27.Vijaya Bank
List of New

Financial Governance And Corporate Governance
Introduction This report provides an in depth analysis of RBS's corporate governance failure, in order to provide the reader with the appreciation
of the key role that corporate governance plays in successful businesses and in social welfare. The RBS scandal is a perfect illustration of weak
corporate governance and failure of checks and balances by the required institutions which inflates from the UK government to Auditing companies.
The main objective of such report is to directly address the RBS corporate governance scandal which affected a large portion of the UK economy in
2008. By doing so the writer applies relevant corporate governance theories, as he finds appropriate. In 2007, RBS stood as one of the ecosphere's
greatest... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In analysing such case study the main corporate governance theories discussed by the writer are the following. The principle agent theory. The
governance perspective is perceived as a contract between Sir Fred Goodwin and the Shareholders. Such theory emphasis the fact that Sir Freed
Goodwin seeks to maximize his personal benefit and doesn't implement the assumed objective in finance which clearly states that the agent should take
investment and economic judgments with the aim of long–term shareholder wealth maximization. RBS is a large company and as many big
corporation has a pervasive impact on society, which obligates accountability to many more sectors of society and not only shareholders( Pearce, 1982;
Freeman,1984 Hill and Jones,1992) and as the case study demonstrates, in many instances RBS experiences a conflict of interest between different
stakeholders. Board Structure (RBS annual report 2008) Figura 1 Figure 1 illustrates RBS board structure as presented on its 2008 annual report, given
the reader a demonstration of how the power was distributed within the organisation. Although at first appearance such structure seems

The Global Financial Crisis: Former President George Bush Jr.
The Global Financial Crisis is a national period of economic difficulty experienced by markets and consumers. The global financial crisis was a
difficult time for businesses to flourish in the markets. In parallel, potential consumers had to reduce their purchases of goods as well as
services––until the markets improved (Global Financial Crisis). Former President George Bush Jr. was the acting president during the global financial
crisis. George Bush Jr. expressed that the world's major economies could overcome the financial crisis. The centralbank governors from seven leading
nations had agreed to a five–point plan to prevent future global turmoil (Elliot, L., Stewart, H., & Clark, A. 2008).
These groups agreed to bail out banks and to take

Essay on Royal Bank of Scotland
Case Study: The Royal Bank of Scotland Group
Executive Summary
Today, The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) is one of the biggest banking institutions with its capabilities to provide world–class services whilst
maintaining its reputation as a top financial services provider in the banking industry. Its leadership in this market is remarkable, and so are the ways the
bank's governing body has been able to manage the complexities, challenges and changes that come with the industry.
Understanding that the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) has recently undertaken a series of changes, this report provides an outlook of the approaches
RBS has taken to manage those changes. This report also includes the assessment of the success that RBS has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
RBS is also known for its ability to create management roles and organization structures. In fact, it has become one major component of its expansion.
RBS was remarkable in its acquisition strategy, especially in the nineteenth and twentieth century (House of Commons Treasury Committee 2009,
p.18). By then, RBS was already renowned as a "a leading banking partner to major corporations and financial institutions around the world, providing
an extensive range of debt financing, risk management and investment services to its customers" (The Royal Bank of Scotland 2012).
HR management and policies are other important approaches RBS was actively implementing before and continuing at present with refinements based
on the current market needs. Such of these include major adjustments such as being quick to adopt major changes. At present, RBS is quick to employ
strengthening of its employee relations by making sure the right reward goes to the right person. This strategy creates a certain form of motivation that
does not only promote quality, but substantial form of quantity at the same time.
Finally, RBS has the ability to make use of the adoption of existing opportunities from its external environment. In 2007, RBS was quick to adopt new
technology for the hope of delivering high customer value and increase profitability.
Evaluating RBS success with emancipated changes The success of RBS with initiating changes lies on its level of control obtained for

The Structure, Conduct and Recent Performance of the Uk...
INTRODUCTION
Before discussing the structure, conduct and recent performance of the UK banking sector, it is useful to provide an insight in the recent global
financial crisis caused by the sub–prime mortgage crisis initiated in the US and underline its effects on the banking industry in the UK. It all started
with the collapse of the housing bubble in the US, as borrowers were no longer able to meet their financial obligations and as consequence many of
these subprime mortgages became default and the market became illiquid while banks were struggling to obtain funds which resulted into devastating
losses for banks and mortgage lenders. Through securitization many of these loans were initially transferred into asset backed securities and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In November 2009 the Financial Services Bill was introduced into Parliament. The Bill builds on the action taken so far by the Government in
response to the financial crisis, and delivers wide–reaching reforms to strengthen financial regulation, support better corporate governance and provide
protection to consumers. The Bill calls for a new Council for Financial Stability which is intended to consist of Treasury,Bank of England and FSA
officials. It also requires major banks to hold larger capital reserves and to prepare so–called "living wills".
(Maslakovic, 2010)
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is currently working towards agreement on a comprehensive package of reforms to
international capital and liquidity standards by late 2010. These new standards ('Basel III') should aim for materially higher levels of capital and
liquidity in the banking system.
(Bank of England, 2010)
RECENT PERFORMANCE
According to KPMG's UK Banking Performance Benchmarking Survey March 2010, the domestic banking sector is divided into 2 groups:
RBS and Lloyd (significant government ownership) and the remaining three of Barclays, HSBC and Standard Chartered (privately owned).
The latter three has shown a better performance. Investment banking performance was more successful compared to retail banking especially in the
first half of

Luxottica institutional structure Essay
Organizational structure http://www.luxottica.com/en/about–us/company–structure http://www.luxottica.com/sites/luxottica.com/files
/organizzazioneedipartimenti_eng.pdf
ORGANIZATIONS AND DEPARTMENTS
Investor Relations
The Investor Relations department manages relationships with analysts and investors as well as with regulatory bodies that oversee the financial
markets.
Consequently, the department works closely with research analysts and fund managers to assist them in building models that support their stock
recommendations and investment decisions.
At the same time, the department also interfaces with the Group's top management for the purpose of sharing market insight and investor feedback.
Business Development
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information Technology
Information Technology handles all Corporate IT activities and projects, especially the "Transformation" ones which have the aim to define new
operating structures and IT platforms for the Group's various manufacturing and commercial processes. It is also responsible for the co–ordination and
delivery of the Group–wide projects and Group contract negotiations.
Retail divisions
Luxottica Group's Retail divisions manage around 6,500 optical and sun stores in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong,
China, Europe and the Middle East.
In North America, Luxottica Group controls the two biggest prescription eyewear chains – LensCrafters and Pearle Vision – and the most relevant
chains in the sun segment – Sunglass Hut and Ilori.
In South America Luxottica controls Multiopticas Internacional S.L. which manages over 470 eyewear stores operating under the Opticas GMO,
Econopticas and Sun Planet retail brands in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.
In Europe, Luxottica manages all the European location of the largest sun wear chain in the world: Sunglass Hut.

Luxottica Retail Australiasia is the leading optical product business in Australia,

The Financing For Small And Medium Sized Enterprises
The financing for Small and Medium–sized Enterprises (SMEs) is an interesting subject for policymakers and researchers because of the major
contribution of SMEs to private sectors all over the world and SMEs are deemed financially constrained (Beck et al, 2010; Berger and Udell, 2006).
SMEs in industrialized countries account for more than 90% of all enterprises, contribute to around two–thirds of all workforce and almost 50% value
added in non–agricultural production. Therefore, SMEs is crucial for growth promotion and poverty reduction (Baas and Schrooten, 2006).
However, it is reported that SMEs suffer from limited access to external financing around the world. The major reason of being this difficulty is due to
the limited information on SMEs for potential lenders (Baas and Schrooten, 2006). Many studies argue that this specific information problem can be
mitigated by relationship banking as banks can collect private information about their costumers over time (Ongena and Smith, 2001). Therefore,
relationship banking is useful for helping SMEs to receive external finance (Berger and Udell, 2002). This dissertation is going to examine the effects
of relationship banking on the UK SMEs access to financing
1.1 Objectives
The first objective of this dissertation is examining the effect of relationship lending on the availability of credit for the UK SMEs by analyzing the
effects of some specific information about the lending relationship (i.e. length and concentration of

Executive Summary : Santander Group
Executive Summary
Santander Group was founded in 1857 in the city of Santander, Catabria, Spain. With time, Santander grew rapidly in Spain and eventually branched
out into Latin American and London. Santander became even bigger by acquiring Banco Espanol de Credito in 1994 and merging with Banco Central
Hispano in 1999. Nowadays, Santander Group is one of the largest banks in the world in terms of market capitalization and net profit. Also, it operated
one of the largest networks of retail bank in the western world. Santander Consumer Finance has grown from a small group of units operating in Spain,
Germany, and Italy, into one of the largest consumer finance companies. The United States remains the largest market in the world for consumer
finance, but has been growing in Europe for the past 20 years.
Santander Consumer Finance began in 1987, when they acquired Bankhaus Centrale Credit AG. Then in 1994, Santander joined with Royal Bank of
Scotland to strengthen and expand this sector. Two years later, Santander bought out Royal Bank of Scotland to assume full control of this sector.
Santander Consumer Finance kept growing and growing. In 1997, they joined up with Banco San Paolo, which was an Italian consumer finance
company. In 1999, they merged with BCH, which brought to them Hispamer Banco Financiero and Hispamer Financieros.
The main focus of Santander Consumer Finance was growth. Between 2003 and 2006, there were other acquisitions followed in other European

Barclays Essay
Barclays In this project I have been given the task of researching an industry that I have an interest in. There are three sections to this assignment, in
which the first part requires me to undertake some secondary research on the sector, which I have chosen. Using secondary information from sources
such as reputable newspapers, journals and industry reports with other various sources will help me obtain this information. In the second part of this
assignment, I will be identifying the qualities, experiences and qualifications that are required by my chosen sector and this will be linked to the final
part of the report where I will be considering... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Barclays also operates in many other countries across the world, where it is a provider of services to multinational companies and financial companies.
"The Woolwich" and "Woolwich" are trading names that Barclays operates under, and through these Barclays delivers banking solutions to UK retail
and business banking customers. Barclays serves its customers through a variety of channels comprising the branch network, cash machines, telephone
banking, and online banking and relationship managers. Key employees ============= Name –––– Level ––––– Matthew William Barrett
Chairman (since 2004) John Silvester Varley CEO (since 2004) Naguib Kheraj Group finance director (since 2004) Roger Davis Chief executive,
UK banking Gary Hoffman CEO, Barclaycard (since 1983) The key products and services that are offered by Barclays are: * Personal banking *
Corporate banking * Premier banking * International banking * Private banking * Investment banking * Credit card services * Mortgage lending
services * Asset management services

Financial Crisis Impact on Uk Government
ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
The UK government has announced a package of measures aimed at rescuing banking system that makes 400 billion pound.
100 billion pound will be available in short term loans from bank of England on top of an existing loan facility.
Banks will have to increases their capital by at least 25 billion pound and borrow from government.
An additional 25 billion pound in extra capital will be available in exchange of preference shares.
Government described as the root cause of current financial crisis is liquidity, capital and funding
At least 200 billion pound will be made available from bank of England for short term borrowing to provide liquidity to banks
Those banks who wished to strengthen capital ratios ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the market began to tumble in 2008, Governments around the world have spent almost $ 11 trillion bailing out falling banks and trying to repair
the financial system
As per the IMF data all the governments of the world has so far spent more than $ 10.8 trillion to avoid the ill effects of last years financial crisis. Out
of this huge sums are spent by the rich nations.
[pic]
Out of this the maximum amount is spent as guarantee given to save the existing banking system, which was effected by last year's crisis. This crisis
was worst than the great depression of 1929.
US had spent $ 3.6 trillion to bailing out failing banks and repair the financial system. 25.8% of total GDP for bailing out ie 25.8% of the total GDP,
which is $ 10,000/– per person.
UK had spent $ 2.4 trillion as 94.4% of GDP for bailing out failing banks. ie 94.4% comes around $ 50,000/– per person.
The private financial sectors also have estimated write–offs amounting to $ 4tn, of which two–third are losses suffered by big international banks such
as Citigroup and RBS. About half of these losses write–offs of securities backed by failed mortgages.

UK government has spent 94.4% of the GDP to bail out the banking system as follows:
[pic]
In–spite of this UK is not comes out the recession and the last quarter was

Corporate Social Responsibilities : Carroll 's Pyramid
Model 1. Carroll's Pyramid
Carroll (1991) organized different corporate social responsibilities as a four–layered pyramid model and called it the pyramid of responsibilities. The
four different responsibilities – economical, legal, ethical and philanthropic are the layers of the pyramid. Corporate social responsibility involves the
conduct of a business so that it is economically profitable, law abiding, ethical and socially supportive. To be socially responsible then means that
profitability and obedience to the law are foremost conditions when discussing the firm's ethics and the extent to which it supports the society in which
it exists with contributions of money, time and talent". And the different layers in the pyramid help managers... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This model is relating to Primark. Primark source globally, they don't have their own factories that make their own products. They work with
around 700 suppliers and all of their suppliers are from China, India and Bangladesh to Turkey and Eastern Europe. They take worker welfare
seriously and they make sure that suppliers must follow the Code of Conduct to make products in good working conditions. Every factory of the
suppliers is carefully inspected against the code before Primark replace and order with a supplier. If there is an any issues or problems they find in the
products they will sent their inspected team to check all the products.
Model 2. Mintzberg conceptual Horseshoe (1984) This model is relating to RBS where they said that RBS believes every decision and action is
shaped by the purpose, vision and the value of RBS. RBS purpose is to serve their customers well and do the right things which includes,
environmental, social, and ethical risks. Building a more sustainable RBS by putting customers first. RBS strategy based on customers trusting this
bank.
Using 2 different companies as example, analyse and evaluate the ethical decision making process within a business setting.
Ethical decision making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making
ethical decision it is necessary to perceive and eliminate

A Report on NatWest Bank and an Analysis of the Banking...
A Report on NatWest Bank and an Analysis of the Banking Industry 1. Introduction This report focuses on NatWest and the industry in which it
operates. The purpose of the report is to give a concise but accurate view of how NatWest operates as an organisation and the links between its
environment, in this case the banking industry. Company History =============== National Westminster Bank came into being in 1968 when
National Provincial Bank and Westminster Bank merged and began trading on 1st January 1970. This allowed the bank to expand and venture into
new services such as credit cards and computer–linked cash dispensers. The 1980's saw deregulation of the financial markets... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The ВЈ21 billion deal is the largest take–over in the history of British Banking. NatWest is now part of the second largest financial services group in
the UK and Europe and the fifth largest in the world by market capitalisation. What will the report tell us? The report will identify and evaluate the
significant problems and issues which NatWest is facing and the banking industry as a whole. Once these issues are identified it will then be possible
to identify any potential consequences which NatWest is likely to face if they are not addressed, the use of relevant analytical tools will make this
possible. The report will then suggest and analyse alternative solutions to potential problems by weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of any
proposed solutions. The findings of the analysis will be critically evaluated in order to achieve the main aim of the report in the conclusion from which
suitable recommendations will be made. These recommendations will acknowledge all the problems identified in the analysis and evaluation and
advice how they may be dealt with. 2. Evaluation Industry Analysis ================= The British banking industry has come under extreme
scrutiny over recent years and it is likely to continue during the foreseeable future. The perceived anti–competitive nature is as a result of

Marketing Communications Plan
Table of Contents
1.0Introduction and Confirmation of Briefing3
2.0Situation Analysis3
2.1Market Size and Major Competitors3
2.2Trends4
2.3Customers5
3.0Communication Objectives6
4.0Strategy – Target Audience7
4.1Demographics7
4.2Geographics9
4.3Behaviouristics9
4.4Psychographics10
4.5 Pen profile summary11
5.0Creative Strategy12
5.1Positioning12
5.2Creative Approach13
Introduction and Confirmation of Briefing
We are Swift Marketing who operates as a full service agency and we have been given the task of creating a strategic communications plan for
William's and Glyn's Bank for the duration of one year. The budget given to us is ВЈ10 million.

Situation Analysis
1 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We should aim to obtain a certain amount of market share after our communications plan is implemented.
Obtain 10% of the market share by year 3
Strategy – Target Audience
After analysis, it has been decided that the target audience will be very large but will include different types of customers for specific communications.
Most of the audience that the communications will appeal to will already have set–up a bank account or have taken out a mortgage. Therefore, it has
been decided that rather than creating a better–value image for Williams and Glyn's Bank, it is better to communicate to customers who are looking for
a trustworthy bank.
1 Demographics
Age
Age of target audience has been considered carefully because if media advertisement is to be most effective, it must target age ranges depending on
where and when those advertisements will be seen. There are 2 types of banking for individual customers: Personal banking and Private banking.
Personal banking has products such as the current account and this will attract a larger age range, for example students as well as people from the
ages of 23–55. Students are aged between 18–22 and this account is only suitable for students at university. They offer interest–free overdrafts that help
students to

Abbey Acquisition by Banco Santander Essay
M&A in the Financial Services
2005
Outline
<ol>
<li value="1">Abstract
<li value="2">Introduction
<li value="3">Body
<li value="3">1 Reasons for acquisition
<li value="3">2 Benefits for both parties
<li value="3">3 Royal Bank of Scotland
<li value="3">4 Shares
<li value="3">5 Cooperation between Santander and RBS
<li value="3">6 Potential growth benefit
<li value="3">7 Santander and Abbey before acquisition
<li value="3">8 Some problems remaining
<li value="4">Conclusion
<li value="5">References
</ol>
Abstract
The shareholders also have benefit from the acquisition: Abbey's shareholders have the opportunity to own a significant part of the Banco Santander.
Under the terms of acquisition, Abbey ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In February the bank announced the best results in the history of the company: earnings increase 20% to $4 billion. 6,400 employees moved into the

bank's $730 million headquarters. Nevertheless, there are still clouds on the horizon. The profit indicators for 2004 do not include Abbey which lost
money in 2003 and is not fully integrated into company yet.
Mergers and acquisitions in financial services business area are very common and result in consolidation of the business unit. Acquisition is beneficial
for all sides involved and Santander's acquisition of Abbey National of the UK is an evidence of this. Abbey has a major position in the United
Kingdom mortgage market. Its strong distribution network represents for Banco Santander and Abbey shareholders a valuable opportunity: application
of Banco Santander's commercial and technological practices to Abbey's banking operations.
Banco Santander is a Spanish bank with an international presence which was established in 1857. Today it is one of the largest banks in the world
with approximately 41 million customers and it is present in the more than 10 countries. In addition, according to the statistics at 31 December 2003,
the Banco Santander Group was the second largest banking group. Its value is Ђ44.8 billions and total assets are Ђ351.8 billions. In
addition, Ђ108.9 billions is saved in mutual funds and pension funds. It

Financial Group : Citizens Bank
Citizens Financial Group
Citizens Financial Group, which includes Citizens Bank, is one of the oldest Financial Services firms in the US. Citizens Bank began as High Street
Bank in 1828. In 1871 High Street Bank became Citizens Bank and slowly grew until 1988 when it was acquired by The Royal Bank of Scotland, one
of the largest and most respected banks in the world. The Royal Bank of Scotland purchased Citizens Bank, as its US division to gain access to the
lucrative US markets. Over the next 20 years Citizen's grew through over 25 bank acquisitions (Fraser, 191). In September of 2014 The Royal Bank
of Scotland issued one of the largest bank IPO's in US history, selling a 25% stake in the company and Citizens Bank officially became... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consumer Banking is the side that most people are familiar with and serves retail customers and small businesses with annual revenues of up to $25
million, through its network of branches. Consumer banking products and services include deposit products, mortgage and home equity lending,
student loans, auto financing, credit cards, business loans, wealth management and investment services.
Commercial banking primarily targets companies and institutions with annual revenues of $25 million to $2.5 billion. Commercial banking offers
financial products and solutions including lending and leasing, trade financing, deposits and treasury management, foreign exchange and interest rate
risk management and corporate finance.
If you break the Consumer Banking products down into categories you will have deposit products such as Checking, savings, CD's, and investment
accounts. You will also have lending products for homes, auto's, business and signature loans including credit cards. With a basic checking or
savings the funds are 100% liquid and will appeal to someone that is living paycheck to paycheck. As an individual's wealth grows he will require
higher returns and may require less liquidity, Citizens has both CD's and money markets. These product will pay a higher interest rate but will
require that you guarantee to leave the money on deposit for a specified period of time. The bank is able to keep lower reserves on these funds as

Rbc Failure
The Royal Bank of Scotland has faced several controversies during the past five years. It had entered into the mortgage backed securities scandal, the
acquisition of Dutch Bank ABN AMRO, suffered mass losses and had to be bailed out by the British Government which took almost 45 billion British
pounds to keep it afloat. RBC is more than 80% taxpayer–owned but this did not help the company to get rid of their legal problems that included a
settlement of $500 million settlement regarding ABN AMRO that was charged against violating the US economic sanctions for countries such as Iran
and it also changed its documents to cover up their wrongdoings. Recently, RBS had to pay millions of dollars to settle down the LIBOR scheme. In
2015, RBC was proved... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of the bank's repeated losses, the British government had to pay 20 billion bailout becoming the main shareholders of the bank. RBS also
took advantage of the government's asset protection plan so that they could categorize the unwanted assets backed by taxpayers. RBS didn't want to
sell Citizens Financial Group in spite of the pressure but instead decided to close down its insurance units and 300 branches in England and Wales.
There was 80% rise in public stake of the company in 2009 because of the capital infusion of 25 billion British pounds from the government (Mattera,
2015).
Some of the legal issues includes that RBS was fined 28.6 million by the UK office of Fair Trading for leaking confidential loan pricing information
with the rival bank Barclays in March 2010. On December 2011, a 450 page report was published by the Financial Services Authority about the failure
of RBS based on their poor management decisions such as relying on risky, short–term whole–sale funding. This report also described the decrease in
their asset quality and their failure in preventing the weakening of the bank's capital stand (Mattera,

Risk Management Task 1a
JIT Task 1 Risk Management
Risk Management
From the last decade risk management is the most researched and exciting area in the financial industry as it elaborates how to minimize and avert the
hazard of risk from the portfolios of different assets and from the operations of financial institutions. Regulators and depositors mainly emphasize the
risk management and according to them risk management is an essential ingredient to enhance the value of shareholders and increase their level of
confidence. Risk management is the assessment of risks to mitigate, monitor and control the probability or impact on uncertain events. Risk
management methods vary from industry to industry for instance it cannot be same for project management, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Companies and
governments operating in the complex economic environment of the 21st century must contend with a broad range of risks. Some do so in an
adhoc or reactive fashion, responding to risks as they appear, whilst others are proactive, planning in advance the risks that they wish to assume
and how they can best manage them. Since it has become clear over the past few years that risk can be financially damaging when neglected,
anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that institutions increasingly opt for formalized processes to manage uncertainties that can lead to
losses. Risk can be classified in a number of ways and though we do not intend to present a detailed taxonomy of risk, a brief overview is useful in
order to frame my discussion. To begin, risk can be divided broadly into financial risk and operating risk. Financial risk is the risk of loss arising
from the movement of a market or performance of a counterparty and can be segregated into market risk (the risk of loss due to movement in market
references, such as interest rates, stock prices or currency rates), liquidity risk (the risk of loss due to an inability to obtain unsecured funding or sell
assets in order to make payments) and credit risk (the risk of loss due to non–performance by a counterparty on its contractual obligations). A rise in
funding costs, an inability to sell financial assets at carrying value or the default by a counterparty on a loan are examples of

Barclays Plc and Abn Amro Case Study
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London School of Commerce
MBA E
BARCLAYS PLC AND ABN AMRO CASE STUDY
ASSIGNMENT
London
UK
As one of the world's leading banks, with 135,000 employees in more than 50 countries, Barclays plays a significant role, from working with
governments on major infrastructure projects to bringing banking to customers in emerging markets. Barclays is made up of two major businesses:
Global Retail and Commercial Banking (GRCB) and Investment Banking and Investment Management (IBIM). There strategy is to achieve growth
through time by diversifying their profit base making their growth relevant to their customers at all times. This case study will seek to examine the bid
and intended acquisition of ABN AMRO, and the early acquisition... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to groupВґs performance from 2002–2006 identifies that BarclaysВґ performance underpinnings are represented by its strategy of acquiring
other banking (such as ABN Amro and Banco Zaragozano) concerns to expand its retail as well as other banking services through representation in
international markets as represented by the bank's presence in 60 countries. This provides Barclays with the means to sell its highly profitable
investment banking services as well as be positioned to service the cadre of multinational companies that utilize its diverse banking financial service
packages.
On the other hand, ABN AMRO bank has a presence in 76 countries and territories. Using its worldwide network the bank provides universal
banking services consisting of commercial and investment banking products to corporate nationally and internationally operating clients as well as
personal and private banking customers. In 2007, Barclays announced the proposed acquisition of ABN AMRO bank, in order to expanded their
distribution base. The deal was valued at в‚¬67 billion. On October, the RFS consortium led by Royal Bank of Scotland, bidding for control of ABN
AMRO, formally declared victory after shareholders, representing 86 percent of the Dutch bank's shares, accepted the RFS group's в‚¬70bn offer.
Barclays is known a consistent performer delivering steady profitability results, 20% increase in profit before

Conflict Between Scotland And England
Identity is what forms the core of humanity as it is "claimed and sustained in reciprocal role relationships" (Thoits, 175). People are constantly
defining themselves to fit into a group, ethnicity, or regional identity. It is crucial because humans need the community and culture as "the greater the
number of identities held, the stronger one's sense of meaningful, guided existence" (Thoits, 175). Hence, by having a regional identity and a larger
sense of unity as an "imagined community" gives a sense of security to humans as stated that "people's awareness of being part of the global space of
flows seems to have generated a search for new points of orientation, efforts to strengthen old boundaries and to create new ones, often based on
identities of resistance" (Paasi, 475). Humans are partially threatened by globalization as they struggle to maintain identities of what they had in the
past; this is demonstrated not just in individuals, but also amongst countries, as with Brexit. In the UK, Scotland has had many struggles to sustain their
own heritage and regional identity as a separate entity from England. From the basic necessities, like currency, the conflict between Scotland and
England can be seen; as the sterling pound in England is different from the sterling pound in Scotland. From the banknotes, it portrays the friction
between Scotland and England and amplifies the regional identities of the two areas. The sterling pound is currency circulated around the UK.

Questions On Advancing Career Development
Student Name: Muhammad Umair Fayaz Student ID: 4114446 Module Number: 315LON Module Title: Advancing Career Development Teacher
Name: Yvonne Browne Word Counts: 1000 Date of Submission: 02
–02–2015 LONDON CAMPUS Summary: This reflection report defines the study
of industry which reflects the present impression in the market. By looking forward to this report I also chosen this industry and a sector in which I
would like to take a kick start for my better career for the future. The discussion in the depth of the sector of financial industry, for this I am presenting
a concise report of the three particular banking business areas which will be my future career target also. Analysis of Industry: Industry analysis can be
analyzed by Porter's 5 Forces model used to design the marketing strategy for operations. The main objective of this study is that by creating
dissimilarity between the industries that can facilitate to identify the formation of the business boundaries decisions. Major role of Porter's five forces
is to understand that what is industry? Porter's Five Forces Analysis: This outline has the following steps to understand the structure: (Google.co.uk,
2015) 1.Industry Challenge: The presence of

Selection of an Appropriate Investment Plan
Investments the company will engage will consist only of investments with high moral and ethical character. The management, after a thorough
investigation of their background and subsequent accolades should be of the highest standard of integrity. Any form of misconduct or misdeeds in the
recent past will disqualify the company from investment. Through social investments, the company can increase resources dedicated to the overall
socially conscious initiative and create ways by which the same money can be reinvested over and over again. Below are three categories which should
help in assisting the selection of socially responsible investments. Program–related investments: Investments that support charitable purposes aligned
with the company's mission statement. Program–related investments form many companies are generally structured as loans, loan guarantees, or equity
investments. Mission–related deposits: Deposits made to federally insured depository institutions including traditional banks, community development
financial institutions, and credit unions. This is similar in concept to basic consumer banking of check and savings accounts. These deposits are used
primarily for socially conscious issues that require immediate funding. They are generally structured as insured certificates of deposit or share
certificates. Mission–related investments: Investments that are intended to generate market rates of return but have a social benefit as well. Every
recession

Evaluate The Impact Of RBS's PPI Scandal On Stakeholders

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Evaluate The Impact Of RBS's PPI Scandal On Stakeholders