The document argues that euthanasia should be legalized. It defines euthanasia as ending a life prematurely to stop pain and suffering, and distinguishes between voluntary, non-voluntary, and involuntary euthanasia. Reasons provided for legalization include rights of the individual to decide when to die, relieving suffering, and reducing costs to healthcare systems. Safeguards like confirmation of terminal illness from two doctors and written consent are suggested to prevent abuse if euthanasia were made legal.
Euthanasia - Types, Arguments For and AgainstTejas Shah
Euthanasia, its types, ethical and moral dilemma, arguments for and against, religious views, philosophical arguments and legal validity in different countries.
Euthanasia - Types, Arguments For and AgainstTejas Shah
Euthanasia, its types, ethical and moral dilemma, arguments for and against, religious views, philosophical arguments and legal validity in different countries.
For our English presentation this semester, we (2nd year medical students) decided to do a research on euthanasia and its acceptance in different parts of the world.
Medicine is at heart a narrative activity–the telling and receiving of story. The patient interview is based on the notion that the patient, as story-teller, will share his or her experience, and that the doctor, as active listener, will be able to take that story and make sense of it in the world of science and medicine.
Health care is supposed to build on the story with each contact, but if we don’t know the story, each contact becomes a closed episode of its own, disconnected from every other episode. Fragmentation results as the outcome of a nonstoried approach to health care.
In this workshop, we will explore how the ancient art of storytelling can foster an empathetic healthcare model and generate a framework for a more holistic approach to treating the patient, while at the same time providing a rich source of diagnostic clues.
Narrative medicine represents a storied understanding of health. It’s a return to listening to the patient’s story. Doctors who are trained to listen to the story of the disease need to learn to listen also to the story of the illness. We’ll explore how to incorporate narrative medicine and storytelling into medical education
Narrative approach plays an epoch-making role in improving the level of medical care, clinical psychology and welfare area.
First, I introduce the process and meaning of the Narrative Based Medicine
Next, I dare to observe a negative aspect and risk in Narrative Approach to look for a new role of Narrative Approach.
The work was presented during the II Workshop on Medical Anthropology in Rome, October 14th - 15th 2011.
This power point contains some introduction information about what chronic pain is and is meant as an overview for people without chronic pain. It is meant for educational purposes and also contains information about societal biases towards chronic pain as disabilities and the emotional consequences of these prejudices.
Ethics of Euthanasia Essay
Essay Pro Euthanasia
Essay on The Morality of Euthanasia
Essay about Euthanasia
Essay on Euthanasia
Euthanasia Essay
Animal Euthanasia Essay
Paper On Euthanasia
Research Paper on Euthanasia
Euthanasia Essay examples
Euthanisa Outline
For our English presentation this semester, we (2nd year medical students) decided to do a research on euthanasia and its acceptance in different parts of the world.
Medicine is at heart a narrative activity–the telling and receiving of story. The patient interview is based on the notion that the patient, as story-teller, will share his or her experience, and that the doctor, as active listener, will be able to take that story and make sense of it in the world of science and medicine.
Health care is supposed to build on the story with each contact, but if we don’t know the story, each contact becomes a closed episode of its own, disconnected from every other episode. Fragmentation results as the outcome of a nonstoried approach to health care.
In this workshop, we will explore how the ancient art of storytelling can foster an empathetic healthcare model and generate a framework for a more holistic approach to treating the patient, while at the same time providing a rich source of diagnostic clues.
Narrative medicine represents a storied understanding of health. It’s a return to listening to the patient’s story. Doctors who are trained to listen to the story of the disease need to learn to listen also to the story of the illness. We’ll explore how to incorporate narrative medicine and storytelling into medical education
Narrative approach plays an epoch-making role in improving the level of medical care, clinical psychology and welfare area.
First, I introduce the process and meaning of the Narrative Based Medicine
Next, I dare to observe a negative aspect and risk in Narrative Approach to look for a new role of Narrative Approach.
The work was presented during the II Workshop on Medical Anthropology in Rome, October 14th - 15th 2011.
This power point contains some introduction information about what chronic pain is and is meant as an overview for people without chronic pain. It is meant for educational purposes and also contains information about societal biases towards chronic pain as disabilities and the emotional consequences of these prejudices.
Ethics of Euthanasia Essay
Essay Pro Euthanasia
Essay on The Morality of Euthanasia
Essay about Euthanasia
Essay on Euthanasia
Euthanasia Essay
Animal Euthanasia Essay
Paper On Euthanasia
Research Paper on Euthanasia
Euthanasia Essay examples
Euthanisa Outline
It's all about one's choice,situation,condition and much more.It is OK if someone's one's disease is incurable choose a path of euthanasia. But If 1% chance is there just go for saving his life.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
1. I argued that Euthanasia should
be legalized.
UNIVERSITY AND DEPT
PRESENTED BY: YOUR NAME
CLASS : CLASS
SUPERVISED BY: LECTURER
MODULE: MODULE
SUBMITTED ON: DATE
2. Euthanasia is defined as the practice of ending a life
prematurely in order to end pain and suffering.
The process is also sometimes called Mercy Killing or
Assisted suicide.
A person who undergoes euthanasia is usually terminally
ill. Euthanasia can be carried out either by doing
something, such as administering a lethal injection, or by
not doing something necessary to keep the person alive
(for example failing to keep their feeding tube going).
3. Voluntary euthanasia, sometimes called ‘assisted suicide’,
is used in cases where the sufferer has made it clear that
he or she wishes to die and has requested help to bring
this about.
Non-voluntary euthanasia occurs when a person cannot
express a wish to die but it is believed to be what they
would have wanted (patients in comas, cases of senile
dementia, or other those who cannot communicate for
other reasons).
Involuntary euthanasia is when a patient is capable of
expressing a wish to die but does not (this equates to
murder).
4. One of the reasons why people would opt for
euthanasia is due to the health spending
implication or financial problem suffered.
As we all know, incurable illness need a long
treatment and expensive medicine to continue the
patient’s life. However, some of the people view it
as a practice of wasting money for making a
longer painful life.
5. Rights: Human beings have the right to decide when and
how to die.
Mercy: It is cruel and inhumane to refuse someone the right
to die, when they are suffering intolerable and unstoppable
pain, or distress.
The Libertarian Argument: Euthanasia should be allowed
when it is in the best interests of all involved and does not
violate anyone's rights.
6. Resources: Euthanasia may provide a cost-effective way
of dealing with dying people. Where health resources are
scarce, not considering euthanasia might deprive society of
the resources needed to help people with curable illnesses.
Universality: I would like to be allowed a good death
myself, so it must allow one for everyone else who wants
one.
Inevitability: Euthanasia happens anyway, so it's better to
have it out in the open so that it can be properly regulated
and carried out.
7. Death is not always bad: If death is not a bad thing, then
making it come sooner isn't a bad thing.
Morally Equivalent: This is a highly technical argument,
and it's only relevant to people who accept that passive
euthanasia is sometimes right. The argument says that
there is no real difference between passive and active
euthanasia, and so if we accept one, we should accept the
other.
8. It reduces the spread of diseases : When a person is
sick, there a chance that a contagious agent exists within
the host. The longer the duration that the individual is kept
alive, it may increase the risk of others being affected by
the disease if the individual is not handled properly.
9. Example: Relatives spared the agony of watching their loved ones
deteriorate beyond recognition
A person dying from cancer feels weak; exhausted and loses the will
to fight. Muscles waste away, appearance changes and the patient
starts to look older. A cancer patient becomes confused, no longer
recognizing family and friends. Motor neuron disease causes the
sufferer to lose mobility in the limbs, having difficulty with speech,
swallowing and breathing.
Those suffering with Huntington’s Disease develop symptoms of
dementia, such as loss of rational thought and poor concentration.
Involuntary movements, difficulties with speaking and swallowing,
weight loss, depression and anxiety may also occur.
Families of individuals suffering with such diseases see their bright,
happy relative reduced to a shadow of their former self. Their loved
one suffers a slow and painful death. Surely, it is kinder to put a
mother, father, brother or sister out of their misery and allow them to
die a peaceful death, as is their last wish.
10. To ensure that a system maintains the highest ethical standards, numerous
safeguards will be implemented. To begin, The patient’s condition must be
either a terminal one (incurable) with no hope of recovery and death
imminent (Two doctors must overlook the case to verify the diagnosis and
prognosis) or suffering irreversible medical conditions that cause them
suffering in ways they can no longer tolerate.
Secondly, Euthanasia can only be undertaken at the request or with the
permission of the patient (Oregon provides a good example by requiring two
written requests at least 15 days apart, an oral request and other safeguards
to ensure the capability of the patient to make such a serious decision. Also,
two doctors must verify the decision-making capability of the patient.)
Lastly, Doctors must perform the task of providing means and administering
but only if necessary, otherwise the patient will self-administer.