This document discusses challenges in evaluating public health interventions economically and recommendations to address these challenges. It notes that public health evaluations often lack high-quality evidence of effects, have difficulties measuring outcomes over the long-term and across sectors, and rarely consider equity. The document recommends improving evidence through RCTs and observational studies, better attributing outcomes, measuring inter-sectoral impacts, and incorporating equity concerns through methods like health impact assessments. It also stresses the need for decision-makers to identify their goals and improve the transferability and communication of existing economic studies.