The document discusses several ethnic groups found in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia. It describes the populations, origins, traditions, religions, and occupations of ethnicities like the Iban, Bidayuh, Lun Bawang, Kadazan-Dusun, and Bajau. It notes that while the ethnic groups have differences in beliefs, rituals, and skills, they often share similarities like practicing agriculture and living near water sources. The various ethnic groups represent Malaysia's cultural diversity and play an important role in upholding unity.

1.  UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
 Ungku Intan Dianna Binti Ungku A Bakar
 Noorul Ashikin Binti Zulkarnain
 Mohammed Rezaul Karim
 Chwa See Chew
 Wong Chee Leong

2. A Discourse in the difference ethnic group

4.  to study the history of Sabah and Sarawak.
 to identify the background of certain ethnic in
Sabah and Sarawak.
 to identify the similarities and difference
between those ethnics.
 to highlights the ethnic relationship in Sabah
and Sarawak.

6.  The Brooke dynasty ruled Sarawak for a
hundred years
 James Brooke was appointed Raja by the
Sultan of Brunei on 18 August 1842
 Sarawak was officially granted independence
on 22 July 1963 (joined with Malaya, Sabah,
and Singapore, in the federation of Malaysia.)
 home to 27 ethnic groups, each with own
distinct language and culture.

7. The various Orang Ulu ethnics together make up
roughly 6% of Sarawak's population.
Major tribes making up the Orang Ulu group
include:
 Kayan
 Lun Bawang
 Kelabit
 Kenyah
 Penan
 Bisaya

8.  close ties to the Lun Bawang
 live in inherited longhouses and practice a
generations-old form of agriculture.
 Population:approximately 5,000 people.
 Ethnic group received visits from Christian
missionaries.The Kelabit are now
predominantlyChristian

9.  sometimes referred as “Land Dayaks”.
 second largest Dayak ethnic group in
Sarawak.
 worked by rotational agriculture and hunting
based around farms.
 Today, almost all the traditional longhouse-
villages have been replaced by individual
houses.
 Fruit trees especially Durian remain
important property of market.

10.  known as “Sea Dayaks” by British.
 largest people group in Sarawak
 main indigenous people group in Brunei
 main occupation is farming, hunt wild animal in the
jungle.
 the weapons used are the blowpipe. Nowadays, they
trained dog to run down their prey.
 lived in longhouses.
 Nowadays, begin to abandon the longhouse style of
living
 No longer rely on the forest’s resources to survive.
Instead, they are migrating to the cities.
 they are mostly Christians and Muslim

12.  Malanau are considered among the earliest
settlers in Sarawak.
 They make up about 6% of Sarawak’s total
population.
 They have never called themselves as Malanau
until recently.
 They call themselves ‘alikou’ meaning people of
the river.
 Then, where is the name Malanau come from?
 Most of them are farmers, fisherman, sago
producers, and traders.
 They have abandoned their original religion-Liko.
Nowadays, Majority of them are either Christians
or Muslims.

14.  originally migrated from Sumatra.
 Basically, speak language (called Bahasa
Melayu Sarawak)
 lived along the coast and worked as
fishermen.
 Definitely, they are Muslim...
 Huge majority of the Malays in Sarawak were
not actually Malays but ethnics of Indonesian
origin

15.  1761- Alexander Dalrymple,concluded an agreement
with the Sultan of Sulu.
 1846 -the island of Labuan, in theWest Coast of
Sabah, was ceded to Britain by the Sultan of Brunei
 1848 - it became a British Crown Colony.
 Following the series of transfers, the rights to North
Borneo were transferred to Alfred Dent, whom in 1881
formed the British North Borneo Provisional
Association
 In the following year, British North Borneo Company
was formed and Kudat was made its capital.

16.  Originally from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 Scottish and Malay decent.
 The Orang Cocos of Sabah are mostly living in
Lahad Datu, Kunak, Sandakan and in Tawau.
 The Cocos Malays are originated from the
descendents of Malays settler from the British
colonies.
 Most of Malays follow the Sunni branches of
Islam.
 other cultural element : marriage ritual, dances,
social gathering and traditional delicacies.
 Their ancestors in Cocos Island worked in
coconut plantations owned by the English.

18.  indigenous to the highlands of east
Kalimantan, Brunei, SouthWest of Sabah and
Northern of Sarawak.
 In Sarawak, Lun Dayeh are officially recognized
by the Constitution as the native of Sarawak
(categorized under the Orang Ulu people)
 Lun Dayeh are related to the rice plantation and
they cultivate both rice on hill and on the paddy
field.
 Practiced an ancient tradition of secondary
treatment of the dead.

19.  Located in western Sabah along
the northern coast of Brunei Bay
and also in northern Sarawak
along the rivers which flow into
Brunei Bay.
 Primarily farmers, with rice being
their staple crop.
 Women gather plants and jungle
products for
food, medicines, resin, and other
supplies.
 Family members of a long house
share house repairs, observe the
same taboos, and share major
rituals.

20.  largest ethnic
 culture that revolves heavily around the
cultivation of rice
 various delicacies and alcoholic drinks using
rice
 ‘Bobohizan’
 ‘Tadau Ka’amatan’

21.  second largest ethic group
 boat-dwelling nomadic
folks
 weaving and needlework
skills
 cowboys of Sabah

22.  third largest ethic group
 'hillpeople‘
 Interior Division:Tenom, Keningau and
Pensiangan
 communal longhouses
 Hunting with blowpipe

23. Ethnics Population
Iban
Chinese
Malay
Bidayuh
Melanau
Orang Ulu
Others

24. population estimates based on ethnic groups in 2010
Kadazan-Dusun
Bajau
Malay
Murut
Other Bumiputra
Chinese
Other non-Bumiputra
Non-Malaysian citizens

25. SIMILARITIES
 Most of them use
agriculture as a source of
food.
 Some of them are still
practicing their ancestor
believes.
 Living near to the lake for
the daily routines and
other purpose.
DIFFERENCES
 Bringing new culture to
their ethnic.
 Have different skills of
hunting.
 Belief and rituals.
 Religion

26.  Sea dayak (iban)
 SARAWAK
 Kelabit
 (orang Ulu) SARAWAK
 Land dayak (bidayuh)
 SARAWAK
 Lun bawang/ Lun
dayeh
 (orang ulu-
SARAWAK)/SABAH

28.  playing the critical role that represents
Malaysia’s richness in culture and, of
course, unity in diversity.
 different background and development process
led them to practice different religious and
beliefs.
 resulting many kinds of lifestyles available all
over Malaysia
 Sarawak consists of more than 40 ethnic groups
 Sabah has more than 32 recognized ethnics
group