ETHN 201W: Perspectives on African Americans Final Examination, worth 100 points Due Date: Wednesday, May 04, 2018 Directions: To answer questions 1-7, write one to two paragraphs (note: a minimum of three sentences in a paragraph). In your response, be sure to refer to specific concepts/constructs from the readings, and lecture notes to support your answer. Submit your completed written assignment through the drop box--Examinations · Kathy Russell, Midge Wilson and Ronald Hall (1992). The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color among African Americans. Anchor Books, Double day · Sandler, K. (2015). A Question of Color. [San Francisco, California, USA]: Kanopy Streaming. [Video] http://newsreel.org/video/A-QUESTION-OF-COLOR · Answer the following questions which are based on the aforementioned book readings, video and lecture notes: 1. How do the following social constructs/tests affect black identity? Doll test, One-drop rule, and the brown paper bag test: (10 points) a) In a race-stratified society, how do power, privilege and black identity, for example, light- skinned versus dark-skinned Blacks affect the life chances and lifestyles of African Americans? · To support your answer incorporate the contents of video: “A Question of Color,” Chapter 2: The Color Gap in Power and Privilege, and Chapter 4: Black Identity: Shades of Beauty and Pride (Readings: Russell, Kathy, Midge Wilson & Ronald Hall (1992). The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color among African Americans. Anchor Books, Double day b) In your opinion, how do the pioneering studies in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s called the “doll test” of Kenneth and Mamie Clark affect black identity especially in the 1954 Brown legal case? c) What is one-drop rule? And how has it shaped the development of racial identity in America? d) What is the brown paper bag test? And how does it affect admission of African American students to historically black colleges/universities? 2. Lasting Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement: · Key Decisions on Affirmative Action by the U.S Supreme Court—handout (25 points) 1) Briefly define Affirmative Action 2) Briefly define racial gerrymandering 3) How is affirmative action and racial gerrymandering related? 4) Choose two legal cases including the votes and rulings that are won or favorable (+) to Affirmative Action Policy 5) Choose two legal cases including the votes and rulings that are lost or unfavorable (-) to Affirmative Action Policy 3. Briefly define the three character types (6 points) 1) The fighters 2) Dreamers 3) Believers Give examples of each character type. To answer the questions read Chapter Four: Fighters, Dreamers, and Believers (Reference: Cose, Ellis. (2011). The End of Anger: A New Generation's Take on ...

1. ETHN 201W: Perspectives on African Americans
Final Examination, worth 100 points
Due Date: Wednesday, May 04, 2018
Directions: To answer questions 1-7, write one to two
paragraphs (note: a minimum of three sentences in a paragraph).
In your response, be sure to refer to specific concepts/constructs
from the readings, and lecture notes to support your answer.
Submit your completed written assignment through the drop
box--Examinations
· Kathy Russell, Midge Wilson and Ronald Hall (1992). The
Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color among African
Americans. Anchor Books, Double day
· Sandler, K. (2015). A Question of Color. [San Francisco,
California, USA]: Kanopy
Streaming. [Video]
http://newsreel.org/video/A-QUESTION-OF-COLOR
· Answer the following questions which are based on the
aforementioned book readings, video and lecture notes:
1. How do the following social constructs/tests affect black
identity? Doll test, One-drop rule, and the brown paper bag test:
(10 points)
a) In a race-stratified society, how do power, privilege and
black identity, for example, light- skinned versus dark-skinned
Blacks affect the life chances and lifestyles of African
Americans?
· To support your answer incorporate the contents of video: “A
Question of Color,” Chapter 2: The Color Gap in Power and
Privilege, and Chapter 4: Black Identity: Shades of Beauty and
Pride (Readings: Russell, Kathy, Midge Wilson & Ronald Hall
(1992). The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color among
African Americans. Anchor Books, Double day

2. b) In your opinion, how do the pioneering studies in the late
1930’s and early 1940’s called the “doll test” of Kenneth and
Mamie Clark affect black identity especially in the 1954 Brown
legal case?
c) What is one-drop rule? And how has it shaped the
development of racial identity in America?
d) What is the brown paper bag test? And how does it affect
admission of African American students to historically black
colleges/universities?
2. Lasting Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement:
· Key Decisions on Affirmative Action by the U.S Supreme
Court—handout (25 points)
1) Briefly define Affirmative Action
2) Briefly define racial gerrymandering
3) How is affirmative action and racial gerrymandering related?
4) Choose two legal cases including the votes and rulings that
are won or favorable (+) to Affirmative Action Policy
5) Choose two legal cases including the votes and rulings that
are lost or unfavorable (-) to Affirmative Action Policy
3. Briefly define the three character types (6 points)
1) The fighters
2) Dreamers
3) Believers
Give examples of each character type. To
answer the questions read

3. Chapter Four: Fighters, Dreamers, and
Believers
(Reference: Cose, Ellis. (2011). The End of
Anger: A New Generation's Take on
Race and Rage HarperCollins Publishers)
4. Compare (similarities) and contrast (differences) the
strategies of the Civil Rights Movement (1960-1968) and Black
Lives Matter (2013-present) (10 points)
5. What is the difference between Rap music and Hip Hop
culture? (10 points)
6. The three strategies employed by law enforcement to fight
urban crime include: 1) community policing, 2) stop-n-frisks
and 3) stand your ground rule. Briefly define each strategy and
to support your answer give examples of cities that the three
strategies are employed (reading Policing in America notes) (14
points)
7. Racial microaggression is the new face of racism.
1) Briefly define racial microaggression
2) Give an example of each theme (total of five themes), i.e.,
microagression and implicit
message
(25 points)
Theme
Microaggression Example
Implicit Message
1) Criminality: A person is presumed to be dangerous, criminal,
or deviant based on their race, nationality and/or sexual
orientation

4. 2)Denial of individual prejudice: A statement made by those
with social privilege to deny that they have that privilege or any
oppressive thinking
3)Myth of meritocracy: Statements which assert that race, class,
gender, abilities or sexual orientation do not play a role in life
success
4)Religious or cultural superiority: When a person assumes that
their race, religion, or culture (broadly defined) is better than
others’
5)Environmental microaggressions: Ways in which larger
systems beyond the individual realm (such as institutional
policies and practices) work to maintain systems of privilege
and oppression
1
Population Development
In this report, we explore the population development indicator
of middle east countries which includes Saudi Arabia, United
Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Yemen, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Syria, Turkey, and
Cyprus. The population development index is dependent on
many factors; however, we have identified few of them. Purpose
of this study is to explore the relation of these attributes on the
population development index of countries.
The list of attributes is shown below:
· HEALTH - Health Index

5. · POP - Population Index
· POSC - Peace and Order Index
· ECONSZSC - Size of Economy Score
· AI - Air Index
· LOWBWT - Low Birth Weight
· NTLWTHSC - National Wealth Index Score
· BLDTOT - Total Built Land
· IWI - Inland Water Index
· LANDDSC - Land Diversity Score
· LANDQSC - Land Quality Score
Life expectancy at birth expressed as an index using using
Health. POP presents the Population living with 100 km of a
coast divided by the area of coastal lands. Peace and Order
Score is the average of two unweighted indicators: peace,
represented by deaths from armed conflicts per year or military
expenditure as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product,
whichever gives the lower score, and crime, represented by the
unweighted average of the homicide rate and other violent
crimes. ECONSZSC specifies the size of economy score, based
on GDP/person, in current international purchasing power parity
dollars. Air Index is the lower of a global atmosphere score and
a local air quality score. Low Birth Weight Percentage
(LOWBWT) is the percentage of babies whose birth weight is
less than 2500 grams, as a percentage of babies born alive.
National Wealth Index Score (NTLWTHSC) = the average of
three weighted indicators: Size of the economy (Size score),
inflation and unemployment score (IU score), and debt (Debt
score). Built land (BLDTOT) is land that is "occupied by
buildings, transport infrastructure (roads, railways, docks,
airports, etc.) and other human structures, including mines and
quarries, waste tips, derelict land, and urban and suburban parks
and gardens." Inland Water Index or IWI is the lowest of three
sub-elements: inland water diversity, water withdrawal, and
inland water quality. Land Diversity Score is the average of two
weighted indicators: land modification and conversion and land

6. protection. Land Quality Score consists of one indicator: the
area of degraded land as a percentage of the area of cultivated
and modified land, weighted according to severity of
degradation.
Analysis
Relation among these indicators can be visualized using the
following plots.From the above plots and observation, we can
formulate the hypothesis to compare the economy score and net
wealth score index in this region. These two indicators should
be highly correlated with an assumption that the net wealth
score index contributes towards the size of the economy score
of the country. This can be visualized to see its relation more
closely.
> View(df)

7. Hypothesis:
We can see the effect of net wealth score with the economy
score. It can be further investigated using statistical test.
Hypothesis can be defined as:
H0: There is not correlation between NTLWTHSC (Net Wealth
Score) and ECONSZSC (Size of Economy Score).
H1: There is significant correlation between NTLWTHSC (Net
Wealth Score) and ECONSZSC (Size of Economy Score).
We have made Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient
test for analyzing the correlation.
Test Results:
t = 8.1924, df = 11, p-value = 0.000005208
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval: 0.7683433 0.9782794
sample estimates: cor 0.9269206
Since p-value 0.000005208, is very less than the significance
level which refers to alpha = 0.05, we can reject the null
hypothesis and concludes that there is significance level of
correlation between Net Wealth Score and Size of Economy
Score.
R Code:
> library(dplyr)
> library(reshape)

8. > library(ggplot2)
> middle_east <- c("Bahrain", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq",
"Jordan", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Oman", "Palestine", "Qatar",
"Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates",
"Yemen")
> indicators <- c("Country_Standard", "HEALTH", "POP",
"POSC", "ECONSZSC", "AI", "LOWBWT",
"NTLWTHSC","BLDTOT","IWI","LANDDSC", "LANDQSC")
> df = data.frame(Country_Standard = middle_east)
> df_selected <- merge(world_dataset, df, by =
"Country_Standard")
> df_selected <- df_selected[, indicators]
> df <- data.frame(sapply(df_selected, as.character),
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
> country <- df$Country_Standard
> df <- data.frame(sapply(df[,-1], as.numeric),
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
> df$Country <- country
> d1 = data.frame(Indicator = "HEALTH", VALUE =
df$HEALTH)
> d2 = data.frame(Indicator = "ECONSZSC", VALUE =
df$ECONSZSC)
> d <- rbind(d1, d2)
> pairs(df[,-12], pch = 21)

9. > ggplot(data = df, mapping = aes(x= NTLWTHSC,
y=ECONSZSC))+
+ geom_point()
> cor.test(df$NTLWTHSC, df$ECONSZSC)
Pearson's product-moment correlation
data: df$NTLWTHSC and df$ECONSZSC
t = 8.1924, df = 11, p-value = 5.208e-06
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.7683433 0.9782794
sample estimates:
cor
0.9269206
> ggplot(data = df, mapping = aes(x= Country,
y=NTLWTHSC))+
+ geom_point()
> ggplot(data = df, mapping = aes(x= Country,
y=ECONSZSC))+
+ geom_point()