This document discusses forest management and water conservation in Ethiopia. It provides background on Ethiopia's geography, biodiversity, and the status of its forests. Specifically, it notes that Ethiopia has lost about 14% of its forests and the main causes are shifting agriculture, livestock production, and fuel collection. The document proposes a plan to harvest rainwater from forest canopies and transport it to storage areas to help address Ethiopia's water needs while also conserving forests and land.
Ethiopia has a large variety of indigenous plant and animal speciesharamaya university
This document provides background information on the Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society (EWNHS). It discusses that EWNHS is an independent conservation NGO established in 1966 that advocates for biodiversity conservation in Ethiopia. As the oldest environmental NGO in Ethiopia, EWNHS works closely with government and other organizations on conservation, environmental education, and publishing materials to promote species and habitat conservation. It also oversees bird conservation as BirdLife International's partner in Ethiopia.
This document summarizes forest and wildlife biology in India. It discusses that India has high biological diversity, but 10% of flora and 20% of mammals are threatened. Species are classified as normal, endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic, or extinct. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 established national parks and sanctuaries to protect habitats. However, over-exploitation, fires, hunting, habitat destruction, pollution, and poaching have led to a decline in biodiversity. Forests are categorized as reserved, protected, or unclassed based on conservation importance.
Forest cover in India makes up 23.81% of the total land area, though much of this is plantation rather than natural forest. Several factors like agricultural expansion, railways, mining, and commercial forestry have led to large-scale deforestation since colonial times. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 established protections for endangered species and their habitats through national parks and sanctuaries. However, threats remain from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Over half of forest land is designated as reserved forests for conservation, while another third is protected forest.
ASSESSMENT OF AVIAN SPECIES DIVERSITY: THE CASE OF HALU WEREDA, ILUBABOR ZONE...LataJimma
Mr. Leta Jima: This journal was publiished on the behave of the author, if you want to use part of my journal, email us or contact me and then you can use with proper citations.
Forests and wildlife are important natural resources that need to be conserved. Forests preserve biodiversity, provide habitat and resources, help control climate and rainfall, and prevent soil erosion. Wildlife also preserves biodiversity and maintains ecosystems. Conservation efforts include afforestation, preventing deforestation, banning poaching, and establishing protected areas. Sustainable use of natural resources like land, water, forests and energy is important.
The document provides information on wildlife conservation in India, including:
1) It defines wildlife and explains the meaning and importance of conservation, discussing threats such as habitat loss and pollution.
2) It describes some of India's key conservation areas and programs, such as national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and Project Tiger.
3) It discusses laws and organizations that support conservation efforts, including the Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, and IUCN Red List.
India has immense biodiversity due to its varied climate, topology, and habitats. It hosts 3 biodiversity hotspots and is home to 7.6% of mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, 4.4% of amphibian, 11.7% of fish, and 6.0% of flowering plant species globally. India has over 16,000 species of flowering plants and 45,000 total plant species, many of which are endemic. Nearly 1,500 plant species and 79 mammal, 44 bird, and 15 reptile species are threatened in India. The cheetah, once widely distributed but now extinct in India, is the world's fastest land mammal.
Ethiopia has a large variety of indigenous plant and animal speciesharamaya university
This document provides background information on the Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society (EWNHS). It discusses that EWNHS is an independent conservation NGO established in 1966 that advocates for biodiversity conservation in Ethiopia. As the oldest environmental NGO in Ethiopia, EWNHS works closely with government and other organizations on conservation, environmental education, and publishing materials to promote species and habitat conservation. It also oversees bird conservation as BirdLife International's partner in Ethiopia.
This document summarizes forest and wildlife biology in India. It discusses that India has high biological diversity, but 10% of flora and 20% of mammals are threatened. Species are classified as normal, endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic, or extinct. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 established national parks and sanctuaries to protect habitats. However, over-exploitation, fires, hunting, habitat destruction, pollution, and poaching have led to a decline in biodiversity. Forests are categorized as reserved, protected, or unclassed based on conservation importance.
Forest cover in India makes up 23.81% of the total land area, though much of this is plantation rather than natural forest. Several factors like agricultural expansion, railways, mining, and commercial forestry have led to large-scale deforestation since colonial times. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 established protections for endangered species and their habitats through national parks and sanctuaries. However, threats remain from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. Over half of forest land is designated as reserved forests for conservation, while another third is protected forest.
ASSESSMENT OF AVIAN SPECIES DIVERSITY: THE CASE OF HALU WEREDA, ILUBABOR ZONE...LataJimma
Mr. Leta Jima: This journal was publiished on the behave of the author, if you want to use part of my journal, email us or contact me and then you can use with proper citations.
Forests and wildlife are important natural resources that need to be conserved. Forests preserve biodiversity, provide habitat and resources, help control climate and rainfall, and prevent soil erosion. Wildlife also preserves biodiversity and maintains ecosystems. Conservation efforts include afforestation, preventing deforestation, banning poaching, and establishing protected areas. Sustainable use of natural resources like land, water, forests and energy is important.
The document provides information on wildlife conservation in India, including:
1) It defines wildlife and explains the meaning and importance of conservation, discussing threats such as habitat loss and pollution.
2) It describes some of India's key conservation areas and programs, such as national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and Project Tiger.
3) It discusses laws and organizations that support conservation efforts, including the Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, and IUCN Red List.
India has immense biodiversity due to its varied climate, topology, and habitats. It hosts 3 biodiversity hotspots and is home to 7.6% of mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, 4.4% of amphibian, 11.7% of fish, and 6.0% of flowering plant species globally. India has over 16,000 species of flowering plants and 45,000 total plant species, many of which are endemic. Nearly 1,500 plant species and 79 mammal, 44 bird, and 15 reptile species are threatened in India. The cheetah, once widely distributed but now extinct in India, is the world's fastest land mammal.
Wildlife refers to all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms found in natural ecosystems across deserts, forests, plains and grasslands as well as urban environments. Historically, humans have separated civilization from wildlife through legal, social and moral distinctions, but environmental activists now protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment.
India has high biological diversity and is one of the twelve most biologically diverse countries in the world, containing nearly 8% of the world's known species. It has over 47,000 plant species, 15,000 flowering plants, and 81,000 animal species. Natural vegetation in India refers to plant communities that have grown naturally without human influence and provides economic value through wood and other forest products as well as environmental value by preventing soil erosion, increasing water levels, and providing habitat for plants and animals.
This document provides an overview of forest and wildlife resources in India. It discusses the high level of biodiversity in India, including an estimated 47,000 plant and 81,000 animal species. However, many species are now threatened or endangered due to deforestation, habitat loss, and human activities. It outlines government conservation strategies and projects like Project Tiger to protect endangered species. The document also discusses the classification of different species based on threat level and the important role local communities can play in forest conservation efforts.
This document summarizes India's biodiversity and efforts toward conservation. It notes that India contains 8% of the world's species, including over 81,000 species of fauna and 47,000 species of flora. Many species are endangered or critically endangered due to habitat loss, agricultural expansion, and development projects. The document outlines classifications of threatened species and discusses laws and programs aimed at conservation, including the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and Project Tiger. Community involvement in conservation through nature worship and forest management programs is also addressed.
here you can get a common knowledge about forests and wildlife about its depletion consequences and conservation a basic knowledge about India's wildlife and government programmes
Forest & Wildlife Resources - Class X GeographyBHAVANSELMKXC
For more ppts, chapter notes, questions, videos visit http://www.cbse9.com today.
Presentation prepared by Aditya Chakkingal, Adithyan PV and Suryakanth
India has immense biodiversity and is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of species. It is home to over 81,000 species of flora and 47,000 species of fauna, with at least 10% of wild fauna and 20% of mammals facing threats. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 implemented various provisions to protect habitats and remaining populations of endangered species through banning hunting and trade and designating protected areas. The central government has also announced several projects focused on protecting critically endangered animals such as tigers, rhinos, lions, and crocodiles.
Forest and wild life resources by mursleen saififarman khan
This document discusses biodiversity and its conservation in India. It defines biodiversity as the variation of life forms within a species, ecosystem, or biome. India is one of the richest countries in biodiversity, with over 81,000 species of fauna and about 15,000 flowering plants that are endemic. The government and organizations like IUCN take various measures to conserve wildlife, such as Project Tiger to protect tiger populations and sacred groves preserved by local tribes.
India has a vast array of biological diversity, estimated at 1.6 million species, and is one of the richest countries in terms of species. However, many species are now endangered or vulnerable due to habitat loss from factors like agriculture, development projects, mining, overexploitation, and pollution. While conservation efforts include protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, as well as laws banning hunting of protected species, continued conservation action is needed to protect India's biodiversity.
Forests And Wildlife Resources - Class 10 (Geography)VJLEARNING
This chapter explains the second chapter of Geography (Class 10).
This will also help teachers to teach their students in their online classes.
hope you like it.
India has high biodiversity due to its variety of flora and fauna species. It is considered a megadiverse country, containing about 8% of the world's known species. Many species are endangered or vulnerable due to habitat loss from causes like agricultural expansion, development projects, mining, and unequal resource access. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 established protections for wildlife habitats and species. More recent conservation efforts focus on biodiversity preservation and involve local communities, recognizing their stake in long-term sustainability of forests and livelihoods.
A PPT on Forest and wildlife resources for students. This PPT contains info on biodiversity, Flora and Fauna in India and about conservation of Forest and wildlife in India. Made by the students of Oakridge International School - Newton Campus.
This document summarizes cultural and natural heritage sites in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. It discusses several national parks, sanctuaries, and other sites that showcase the state's biodiversity and have potential for wildlife tourism. These include Madhav National Park, Kuno National Park, National Chambal Sanctuary, Dihaila Lake, Tighra Reservoir, Atal Sagar Reservoir, Gwalior Fort, and others. The document outlines the habitats and species found at these locations and notes that eco-tourism can benefit the environment, local communities, and economy if properly managed.
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
BIODIVERSITY
FLORA IN INDIA
FAUNA IN INDIA
WILDLIFE ON THREATENED LIFE
VANISHING FORESTS
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN)
NORMAL SPECIES
ENDANGERED SPECIES
VULNERABLE SPECIES
RARE SPECIES
ENDEMIC SPECIES
EXTINCT SPECIES
WILDLIFE IN TROUBLE
METHODS FOR CONSERVATION
COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
The document outlines reforms to Peru's forest sector legislation and institutions to promote sustainable forest management, including establishing a new forest zoning system, mechanisms for communities and companies to access forest resources, efforts to reduce deforestation and illegal logging, and initiatives to improve forest monitoring and transparency.
Forests play a key role in India's ecological system and biodiversity. They support a vast variety of plant and animal species, many of which are endangered. Factors like agricultural expansion, development projects, mining, and unequal resource access have negatively impacted forests and wildlife. In response, the Indian government established laws in 1972 to conserve forests and protect endangered species by creating national parks and sanctuaries. Projects like Project Tiger have helped increase tiger populations from near extinction levels in the 1970s. Local communities are also increasingly involved in conservation efforts to support their long-term livelihoods and cultural traditions.
India has significant biological diversity but is experiencing threats to its forest and wildlife. 20% of mammal species are threatened and some like the pink-headed duck are endangered or extinct. Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, overexploitation, and environmental pollution are responsible for the decline. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and projects like Project Tiger were implemented to promote conservation, but continued threats remain from development, shifting cultivation, mining, and grazing. Local communities have helped resist threats and promote conservation in some areas.
This document provides an overview of wildlife medicine in Ethiopia. It begins with general objectives of understanding wildlife definitions and management. It defines key terminology like wildlife, game, threatened species. It outlines Ethiopia's diverse ecosystems and high levels of endemism. It notes the country has 20 national parks, 18 controlled hunting areas, and 7 open hunting areas dedicated to wildlife conservation. However, wildlife faces continuing pressures on habitats and species from factors like disease, hunting, habitat loss, small population sizes, and hybridization that threaten long-term survival.
Wildlife refers to all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms found in natural ecosystems across deserts, forests, plains and grasslands as well as urban environments. Historically, humans have separated civilization from wildlife through legal, social and moral distinctions, but environmental activists now protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment.
India has high biological diversity and is one of the twelve most biologically diverse countries in the world, containing nearly 8% of the world's known species. It has over 47,000 plant species, 15,000 flowering plants, and 81,000 animal species. Natural vegetation in India refers to plant communities that have grown naturally without human influence and provides economic value through wood and other forest products as well as environmental value by preventing soil erosion, increasing water levels, and providing habitat for plants and animals.
This document provides an overview of forest and wildlife resources in India. It discusses the high level of biodiversity in India, including an estimated 47,000 plant and 81,000 animal species. However, many species are now threatened or endangered due to deforestation, habitat loss, and human activities. It outlines government conservation strategies and projects like Project Tiger to protect endangered species. The document also discusses the classification of different species based on threat level and the important role local communities can play in forest conservation efforts.
This document summarizes India's biodiversity and efforts toward conservation. It notes that India contains 8% of the world's species, including over 81,000 species of fauna and 47,000 species of flora. Many species are endangered or critically endangered due to habitat loss, agricultural expansion, and development projects. The document outlines classifications of threatened species and discusses laws and programs aimed at conservation, including the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and Project Tiger. Community involvement in conservation through nature worship and forest management programs is also addressed.
here you can get a common knowledge about forests and wildlife about its depletion consequences and conservation a basic knowledge about India's wildlife and government programmes
Forest & Wildlife Resources - Class X GeographyBHAVANSELMKXC
For more ppts, chapter notes, questions, videos visit http://www.cbse9.com today.
Presentation prepared by Aditya Chakkingal, Adithyan PV and Suryakanth
India has immense biodiversity and is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of species. It is home to over 81,000 species of flora and 47,000 species of fauna, with at least 10% of wild fauna and 20% of mammals facing threats. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 implemented various provisions to protect habitats and remaining populations of endangered species through banning hunting and trade and designating protected areas. The central government has also announced several projects focused on protecting critically endangered animals such as tigers, rhinos, lions, and crocodiles.
Forest and wild life resources by mursleen saififarman khan
This document discusses biodiversity and its conservation in India. It defines biodiversity as the variation of life forms within a species, ecosystem, or biome. India is one of the richest countries in biodiversity, with over 81,000 species of fauna and about 15,000 flowering plants that are endemic. The government and organizations like IUCN take various measures to conserve wildlife, such as Project Tiger to protect tiger populations and sacred groves preserved by local tribes.
India has a vast array of biological diversity, estimated at 1.6 million species, and is one of the richest countries in terms of species. However, many species are now endangered or vulnerable due to habitat loss from factors like agriculture, development projects, mining, overexploitation, and pollution. While conservation efforts include protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, as well as laws banning hunting of protected species, continued conservation action is needed to protect India's biodiversity.
Forests And Wildlife Resources - Class 10 (Geography)VJLEARNING
This chapter explains the second chapter of Geography (Class 10).
This will also help teachers to teach their students in their online classes.
hope you like it.
India has high biodiversity due to its variety of flora and fauna species. It is considered a megadiverse country, containing about 8% of the world's known species. Many species are endangered or vulnerable due to habitat loss from causes like agricultural expansion, development projects, mining, and unequal resource access. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 established protections for wildlife habitats and species. More recent conservation efforts focus on biodiversity preservation and involve local communities, recognizing their stake in long-term sustainability of forests and livelihoods.
A PPT on Forest and wildlife resources for students. This PPT contains info on biodiversity, Flora and Fauna in India and about conservation of Forest and wildlife in India. Made by the students of Oakridge International School - Newton Campus.
This document summarizes cultural and natural heritage sites in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. It discusses several national parks, sanctuaries, and other sites that showcase the state's biodiversity and have potential for wildlife tourism. These include Madhav National Park, Kuno National Park, National Chambal Sanctuary, Dihaila Lake, Tighra Reservoir, Atal Sagar Reservoir, Gwalior Fort, and others. The document outlines the habitats and species found at these locations and notes that eco-tourism can benefit the environment, local communities, and economy if properly managed.
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
BIODIVERSITY
FLORA IN INDIA
FAUNA IN INDIA
WILDLIFE ON THREATENED LIFE
VANISHING FORESTS
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN)
NORMAL SPECIES
ENDANGERED SPECIES
VULNERABLE SPECIES
RARE SPECIES
ENDEMIC SPECIES
EXTINCT SPECIES
WILDLIFE IN TROUBLE
METHODS FOR CONSERVATION
COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
The document outlines reforms to Peru's forest sector legislation and institutions to promote sustainable forest management, including establishing a new forest zoning system, mechanisms for communities and companies to access forest resources, efforts to reduce deforestation and illegal logging, and initiatives to improve forest monitoring and transparency.
Forests play a key role in India's ecological system and biodiversity. They support a vast variety of plant and animal species, many of which are endangered. Factors like agricultural expansion, development projects, mining, and unequal resource access have negatively impacted forests and wildlife. In response, the Indian government established laws in 1972 to conserve forests and protect endangered species by creating national parks and sanctuaries. Projects like Project Tiger have helped increase tiger populations from near extinction levels in the 1970s. Local communities are also increasingly involved in conservation efforts to support their long-term livelihoods and cultural traditions.
India has significant biological diversity but is experiencing threats to its forest and wildlife. 20% of mammal species are threatened and some like the pink-headed duck are endangered or extinct. Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, overexploitation, and environmental pollution are responsible for the decline. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and projects like Project Tiger were implemented to promote conservation, but continued threats remain from development, shifting cultivation, mining, and grazing. Local communities have helped resist threats and promote conservation in some areas.
This document provides an overview of wildlife medicine in Ethiopia. It begins with general objectives of understanding wildlife definitions and management. It defines key terminology like wildlife, game, threatened species. It outlines Ethiopia's diverse ecosystems and high levels of endemism. It notes the country has 20 national parks, 18 controlled hunting areas, and 7 open hunting areas dedicated to wildlife conservation. However, wildlife faces continuing pressures on habitats and species from factors like disease, hunting, habitat loss, small population sizes, and hybridization that threaten long-term survival.
Biodiversity refers to “variety and variability among the living organisms and ecological complexes in which they occur”. This includes diversity within species, between species and of the ecosystem. It is defined as the totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region.
Biodiversity or Biological diversity comprises Genetic diversity, Species diversity and Ecosystem diversity.
"what is Biodiversity ?" for school projectNagesh Agrawal
Deforestation involves clearing forests and converting the land to other uses like agriculture. It has significant negative impacts like loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, disruption of water cycles, and increased carbon emissions. While regeneration harvesting can be sustainable in some environments, large-scale deforestation causes habitat destruction and species extinction. Factors like population growth, exploitation of resources, and lack of environmental protection have contributed to ongoing deforestation issues around the world. Conservation efforts aim to preserve forests and wildlife through protected areas, anti-poaching laws, and management plans.
The document discusses biodiversity in the Philippines, including:
- The Philippines has extremely high biodiversity and is considered a global hotspot. It ranks highly in terms of endemic species.
- However, Philippine biodiversity is facing major threats like deforestation, climate change, invasive species, and illegal wildlife trade. Deforestation rates remain high.
- Humans both contribute to biodiversity loss but also have the potential to be part of the solution through conservation efforts. Schools and youth can help promote biodiversity conservation through education and activities.
The document discusses different types of protected areas in India that conserve biodiversity - biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and zoos. It provides background on India's biodiversity and lists threats like habitat loss. Biosphere reserves aim to conserve biodiversity and support sustainable development. Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks protect habitats and species. The document lists several biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks in Kerala. Zoos provide ex-situ conservation of endangered species.
Credits of the presentation are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This presentation was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
This document summarizes a study that characterized the camel production system among Afar pastoralists in northeastern Ethiopia. The study found that 68.2% of respondents preferred camels over other livestock. Disease was the main problem, accounting for 40.9% of issues and 35.8% of camel culling reasons. The most common health problems were external parasites and pneumonia. Over 80% of breeding males came from the owners' own herds. The average age of first calving for females was 5.36 years. Daily milk yields ranged from 2.01-12 liters over 2-3 milkings. The average age for selecting breeding males was 2.75 years. The production system has received little support
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION-converted (1).pdfakriti335173
This document discusses biodiversity at multiple levels ranging from genes to ecosystems. It notes that biodiversity is highest in the tropics due to greater evolutionary time and more stable environments. Species diversity decreases with increasing latitude away from the equator. While over 1.5 million species have been described, the actual number on Earth is estimated to be much higher. The main threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and coextinctions. Efforts are underway to conserve biodiversity through protected areas and genetic repositories.
This presentation discusses biodiversity in India. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. India is considered a megadiversity nation with high numbers of endemic species. Biodiversity provides both direct value through resources and indirect value through ecosystem services. However, biodiversity in India faces threats from habitat loss, poaching, and other human activities. Conservation efforts focus on both in-situ methods within protected areas as well as ex-situ methods like zoos and seed banks. Key biodiversity hotspots in India are the Indo-Burma and Western Ghats regions.
In the past, conservation effort has primarily focused on establishment of forest reserves for timber production, with minimal or no consideration to how these natural resources will help sustain or improve livelihoods of adjoining communities. This study examined the contribution of Aramoko forest reserve to the livelihoods of the adjoining communities in Ekiti State. One hundred and twenty pre-tested questionnaires were administered among the products collectors in the study area. Data collected were analysed and the result showed that 78.3 % of the respondents are married with 52.3 % of them male, while 50.8 % of the respondents aged between 51-70 years with 64.1 % having at least secondary education. Twenty-five (25) different products were collected by the respondents in the study area. These products include among others; timber with highest frequency of (120) followed by herbal plants (115), Archantina marginata (105), Thaumatococcus danielli (89), Bridelia ferruginea (70) and Irvingia garbonensis (65). The use of motor cycle accounted for 41.4 % of the respondents means of transportation, while 31.3 % of the respondents sell their product in bit at the village market. Picking, digging, plucking, cutting and uprooting were methods used for harvesting by the respondents while illegal felling (24 %) and indiscriminate bush burning (22.4 %) were the major conservation problem in the study area. Specifically, some of the products harvested are used for food, medicine, fuelwood, herbs and cultural purposes. The study recommends that research should be conducted into how these products can be artificially raised in the nursery for plantation establishment.
The document discusses the history and importance of wildlife conservation in Pakistan. It begins with the founding of the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves in 1912 in London, which aimed to identify and protect areas for wildlife. It then describes the various ecosystems and species of plants and animals found across Pakistan, from mammals like the snow leopard and markhor, to insects and birds. The document emphasizes the economic, nutritional, recreational, scientific, and ecological benefits of wildlife for humans. However, threats from population growth, agriculture, hunting, and habitat loss have endangered many species and ecosystems in Pakistan. Strong laws and protected areas are needed to promote biodiversity and conserve Pakistan's valuable wildlife.
1) Livestock, especially cattle, sheep, and goats, play an important role in the livelihoods of those living in spate-irrigated areas of several countries, including Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Sudan, and Yemen. They are a source of income, savings, and draft power for tasks like soil management.
2) The document describes several indigenous livestock breeds found in the spate-irrigated regions of these countries, noting their characteristics and adaptations to local semi-arid environments. It also discusses some of the production systems and transhumance practices used by farmers and pastoralists in the areas.
3) However, many of these local breeds are under threat due
The document discusses forest and wildlife resources in India. It notes that India has high biodiversity with over 81,000 fauna species and 47,000 flora species. Many species are endangered due to habitat loss from activities like agricultural expansion, development projects, and mining. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 established protected areas and banned hunting of endangered species. However, depletion of resources affects local communities and cultural diversity. Conservation efforts include protected forests, national parks, and involvement of local communities in conservation.
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The document discusses biodiversity hotspots, which are regions with high levels of endemic species that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat. It identifies 34 biodiversity hotspots around the world that meet these criteria. The main threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, climate change, habitat fragmentation, pollution, overexploitation, and disease. Conservation efforts aim to prioritize protecting threatened regions through establishing reserves and protected areas, providing incentives for conservation, using regulations and market-based tools, developing new conservation professionals and projects, and promoting ecotourism.
Wetlands are one of the most multifunctional ecosystems of the world that provide a range of economical, biological, ecological, social, and cultural functions and services to human beings. In Ethiopia all types of wetlands except coastal and marine-related wetlands and extensive swamp-forest complexes are found and they are estimated to cover more than 2% of its total surface area coverage. Wetlands deliver a wide range of ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being such as food
and feed, construction materials,
Ecology group assignment ethiopian ecologyYohansEjigu
This document provides an overview of the major ecosystems found in Ethiopia, which include: Afroalpine and sub-Afroalpine, montane grassland, dry evergreen montane forest, montane moist forest, Acacia-Commiphora woodland, Combretum-Terminalia woodland, lowland tropical forest, desert and semi-desert scrubland, wetland, aquatic, and aquatic ecosystems. Each ecosystem is briefly characterized in terms of location, climate, soil type, dominant plant and animal species, and human impacts or uses. In total, 10 major ecosystem types across Ethiopia are identified and summarized.
Forest ecology is the scientific study of forest species and their interactions with the environment. Forest management involves administrative, economic, legal, scientific, and technical aspects of sustainably managing forests for various uses and values. Deforestation is the removal of forests, which damages habitats and biodiversity and can degrade the land. Wildlife conservation in India is important to preserve the country's rich biodiversity, as mandated by the Indian Constitution, despite questions around priorities given poverty in the country.
The rangelands of Ethiopia make up about 50-70% of the country's land area and support around 9.8 million people and the majority of Ethiopia's livestock. The rangelands are located around the periphery of Ethiopia below 1,500 meters in elevation. They face increasing threats from soil erosion, degradation, and the encroachment of invasive species which have shrunk available grazing land and weakened traditional management systems. However, Ethiopia's rangelands remain resilient and continue to support many livelihoods while maintaining biodiversity and carbon sinks, but confronting climate change and growing pressures will require revitalizing indigenous management practices.
Similar to Ethiopia forest & water management ashish ku sharma (20)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Ethiopia forest & water management ashish ku sharma
1. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
The image of a community is fundamentally important to its economic well-being.
If all places look alike, there's no reason to go anywhere.
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2. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Executive Summary ……………………………………………………… 3
Introduction ………………………………………………………………. 3
Endangered Species / Red Book Entry………………………………….. 4
Geography & Location – Ethiopia……………………………………….. 5
Biodiversity & Vegetation- ……………………………………………….. 6
Forest & Its Management………………………………………………… 7
Current Status of Forests ………………………………………………… 7
Hypothesis, Plan and Implementation…………………………………… 9
Rain water harvesting from forest shed……………….………………… 10
SWOT Analysis …………………………………………………………… 10
Observation ……………………………………………………………….. 11
Conclusion………………………………………………………………… 13
Bibliography………………………………………………………………. 14
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3. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With broad latitudinal and altitudinal ranges, Ethiopia encompasses an extraordinary number
of ecological zones, which in turn host rare and endangered species and high rates of
endemism. In combination with its importance as a center of genetic and agricultural
diversity, the conservation of Ethiopia’s biodiversity is an issue of global importance. With
the second-largest population in Africa, limited capacity to manage natural resources, and
widespread land degradation, however, Ethiopia also faces many serious challenges to efforts
to conserve its biodiversity and forests.
For more than 20 years, natural resource institutions in Ethiopia have faced frequent
restructuring, with the only relatively stable institution (since 1995) being the Environmental
Protection Authority (EPA). These changes have presented challenges, as building stable
relationships and long-term planning are critical to conservation efforts. For example, in
recognition of the critical state and serious threats facing Ethiopian wildlife, the Ethiopian
Wildlife Conservation Organization, previously a semi-autonomous organization under the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, was reduced to a section under the Natural
Resources department in 2005 and then regained its name and increased authority to oversee
the wildlife in Ethiopia in June 2008. Although this most recent change may be positive in
that it can help solidify national level wildlife planning, it is representative of the shifting of
authorities that have plagued the sector in the recent past.
INTRODUCTION
In developing countries like Ethiopia there is no doubt that one has to utilize natural, social
and cultural resources to alleviate poverty. Using Information Technology is one of the
common tools to enable movement of peoples towards the Policy and strategy of growth of
the country. On the controversial part the Ethiopian forest have become the crucial part of
country due to overgrazing, deforestation, and poor agricultural practices have contributed to
soil erosion so severe, particularly in the Tigray and Eritrea regions, that substantial areas of
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4. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
farmland have been lost to cultivation. As of 1994, 600,000 acres of arable land were washed
away each year. The combined effects of severe drought and a 17-year civil war have also
added to Ethiopia's environmental problems. Ethiopia's forests are also endangered. Each
year, the nation loses 340 square miles of forest land. Its forests and woodland decreased by
3.4% between 1983 and 1993. Major causes are due to personal needs, such as for fuel,
hunting, agriculture, and at times for religious reasons. The main causes of deforestation
in Ethiopia are shifting agriculture, livestock production and fuel in drier areas. The
government did not begin afforestation and soil conservation programs until the early 1970s.
The nation's water supply is also at risk. Access to safe drinking water is available to 12% of
the rural population and 81% of city dwellers. Ethiopia has 110 cubic kilometres of
renewable water resources with 86% used in agriculture. The nation's cities produce 1.3
million tons of solid waste per year.
ENDANGERED SPECIES / RED LIST ENTRY
About 5% of Ethiopia's total land area is protected. In 2001, 35 of Ethiopia's 255 mammal
species were threatened. Of 626 bird species, 20 were endangered. One type of reptile in a
total of 188 species and 125 plants in a total of 6,500 were also threatened with extinction.
Endangered species in Ethiopia include the simian fox, African wild ass, Tora hartebeest,
Swayne's hartebeest, Waliaibex (found only in Ethiopia), waldrapp, green sea turtle, and
hawksbill turtle. Ethiopia comprise of Tropical forest with 13,000,000 ha of total area
covering land. Ethiopia has some 1408 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and
reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 7.0%
are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 4.6% are threatened. Ethiopia is
home to at least 6603 species of vascular plants, of which 15.1% are endemic. 4.9% of
Ethiopia is protected under IUCN categories I-V. Endangered species from forest is as
follows.
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5. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
Native tree species 1,027
Number of tree species in IUCN red list
Critically Endangered 0
Endangered 1
Vulnerable 21
Vascular Plant Species, 2004 0
Total 6603
Species Threatened 22
No. of Endangered & Threaten species of Ethiopia
Species biodiversity in Ethiopia includes 280 mammals, 861 birds, 201 reptiles, and more
than 6,000 plants with high rates of endemism. According to the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN’s) 2007 “red list” of these species, Ethiopia has 6 that are
critically endangered, 23 endangered, and 70 vulnerable. Nine national parks, 4 wildlife
sanctuaries, 7 wildlife reserves, and 18 controlled-hunting areas have been established in
Ethiopia to protect and conserve its valuable biodiversity assets. Of these, however, only two,
Simien National Park and Awash National Park, have been officially gazetted. Protected
areas in Ethiopia also have suffered from inadequate security, staffing, and equipment,
leading to many cases where their status is little more than nominal and providing no
protection for their fauna and flora.
ETHIOPIA – GEOGRAPHY AND LOCATION
Forests and woodlands in Africa occupy an estimated 650 million hectares (ha) or 21.8
percent of the land area of this continent. These account for 16.8 percent of the global forest
cover. Many of the forests are severely fragmented due to the encroachment of an expanding
human population, leading to demand for firewood and extensive conversion of land to
agricultural use. The distribution of forests and woodlands varies from one sub-region to the
other, with Northern Africa having the least forest cover while Central Africa.
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6. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
Ethiopia covers a total area of 1 221 895 km2 between latitudes 3°30’N and 18°N and
longitudes 33°E and 48°E in the north-eastern horn of Africa. The heart of the country is
formed by a vast mountain mass between 2 100 and 2 500 m altitude with some peaks rising
to 4 500 m. The massif is divided into two
deeply carved out plateaus (Central
Ethiopian and Galla-Somali) by the Rift
Valley, in which lie several lakes in the
south and the Awash River in the north, a
river vital for the irrigation of the
extensive plains leading to the Red Sea
and Somalia.
BIODIVERSITY AND VEGITATON
The forests and woodlands of Africa are home to large numbers of flora and fauna species,
many of which are African endemics; moreover, many of these populations have come under
threat in the last several decades, chiefly due to the human population explosion on the
continent. Besides the outright loss of large amounts of habitat, the fragmentation of
habitat of woodlands and forests has placed great stress upon populations of fauna that
require sizable home ranges, such as the endangered Painted Hunting Dog and Cheetah.
Vegetation in Ethiopia is comprised of four main biomes, which are found across the
country’s regions.
The first biome is savanna, consisting of montane tropical vegetation with dense,
forests and rich undergrowth and drier savannas and tropical dry forests mixed with
grassland at lower elevations of the Western and Eastern Highlands.
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7. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
The second biome is comprised of mountain vegetation, mostly montane and
temperate grasslands, covering the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern
Highlands.
The third biome is made up of tropical thickets and wooded steppe, and is found in
the Rift Valley and Eastern Lowlands.
The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, covering areas of the Danakil Plain
Natural Resources – small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas,
hydropower
FOREST AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Ethiopia covers 109,631,000 (ha) of land area with 13,000,000 (ha) (11.86%) of forest area.
Total measure of forest is of tropical type, this type occurs roughly within the latitudes 28
degrees north or south of the equator zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of
Capricorn. Ethiopia lost an average of 140,900 hectares of forest per year. This share makes it
to loss its forest by rate of 0.93%.Where in 2005 this rate has been decreased by 10.36 % per
annum. Due to the lack of knowledge for using the resources, Ethiopia has lost its 14% of
forest so far which are also known as home for some 6603 species out of which 7 % are
endemic (exist in no other country). Ethiopia had lost 3.6% of its forest and woodland habitat.
The forest and the woodland is 100% owned by the public of Ethiopia. Out of which 3.8% is
used in production purpose and the remaining 96.2% by other purpose which also takes share
of deforestation. Till 2004 there were 7 world heritage sites for the protection, conservation
and monitoring of species. As per IUCN protection VI category plan total 11.86 % land had
been kept for the protection of all living biodiversity as protected area.
Deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from
water-intensive farming and poor management are the main cause for losing forest with such
high rate. There were many international agreements that Ethiopia has made e.g. Biodiversity
conservation, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea.
for the protection, conservation and to sustain the natural environment.
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8. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
CURRENT STATUS OF ETHIOPIAN FOREST
Trees, woodlands, and forests can be seen as an environment’s lungs. They play a crucial role
in tempering the effects of climate and help protect vital water catchments. Trees provide a
wide range of products, including food and fruit, fodder for livestock, and medicines for both
people and livestock. Forests supply goods of commercial, cultural, and sacred value, and
they comprise a vital safety net in times of need. Most part of Ethiopian economy is based on
products from forest e.g. coffee which almost takes 30 % of its share. The trees and forests of
Ethiopia are under tremendous pressure because of the drastic decline in mature forest cover
and the continual pressures of population increase, rudimentary farming techniques, land use
competition, land tenure, and forest degradation and conversion. The status of the forest
resources should be considered at risk. Although deforestation is known to occur in the
remaining forested areas of the country, rates of deforestation have been more difficult to
estimate.
Source Area in Hectares
In 2000 In 2005
Forest 36,51,935 33,37,988
High woodland area 1,00,49,079 96,32,616
Plantations 5,09,422 5,09,422
Low woodland and shrub land 4,62,97,530 4,62,97,530
Other land 5,31,69,093 5,38,99,503
Inland Water 8,28,277 8,28,277
Total 11,45,05,336 11,45,05,336
Ethiopia Land cover in Ha from 2000 - 2005
Although estimates for historical forest cover vary, it has been obvious for centuries that the
forests are being depleted. Virtually all household cooking fuel used in rural Ethiopia, where
about 85 percent of the population lives, comes from solid fuels; rural Ethiopian households
have depended for centuries on two main types: woody biomass and dung (Mekonnen and
Köhlin 2008).
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9. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
Area in Hecters In 2005
Forest
High woodland area
Plantations
Low woodland and
shrubland
Other land
Inland Water
Land area covered in 2005
Numerous reports available online discuss the history of forest product use in Ethiopia
Deforestation has led to the depletion of soil nutrients, contributing to low agricultural
productivity and limited domestic food supplies in sub-Saharan Africa (Mekonnen and
Köhlin 2008). An indirect result of deforestation is overgrazing. In part, the number of cattle
in the country results from the absence of fuel wood (what there was, say, 50 years ago has
largely been removed through human exploitation for fuel and construction), because some
Ethiopian highlanders use cattle dung as their main source of fuel (UNDPGEF 2005). Thus,
fertilizer use in Ethiopia is among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.
HYPOTHESIS, PLAN & IMPLEMENTATION
Ethiopia's poverty-stricken economy is based on agriculture, accounting for half of GDP,
60% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent
drought and poor cultivation practices. Under Ethiopia's land tenure system, the government
owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system continues to hamper
growth in the industrial sector as entrepreneurs are unable to use land as collateral for loans.
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10. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
Drought struck again late in 2002, leading to a 2% decline in GDP in 2003. Normal weather
patterns late in 2003 helped agricultural and GDP growth recover in 2004-05.
RAINWATER HARVESTING BY FOREST SHED (CANOPY)
Considering the other part of the forest which makes almost 88% which is under no direct use
could be used for the conservation of water in the same way it’s been implemented for the
rain water harvesting from roofs of houses. Though forest is a huge source of natural resource
where as considering the access of human for its direct use limits its amount. In tropical
forests the dense canopy layer acts as the roof for forest basement which hardly permits light
to fall on the floor or the basement layer of forest. That canopy layer can also be used as shed
for the collection of water at some common point with further help of collecting technique to
dump final collection at a storage point. In Ethiopia, water has been considered as the biggest
issue for the direct use by public and also for the irrigation. Implementing the water
harvesting by shed method from the mountain & highland forest which will further helps to
accumulate water in single place by the natural slops. Rain water has been considered as the
pure form of water for the direct use.
Still other natural store process are collecting rainwater from forest like pond, pits, rives and
other artificial mode of storing places, But this shed method can save the water amount which
will get absorbed by soil via capillary method which further may cause flood or marsh area.
Collecting this water and transferring it to other place will not only help to come up with
problems like drinking and irrigation but also helps to conserve land and forest by avoiding
flood and marsh area conversion.
SWOT Analysis - SWOT analysis of Ethiopian Forest planning is to present an analytical
survey of the management of planning procedures and the existing planning documents and
to evaluate if these procedures and documents are sustainable in the field of conservation and
forestry for implementation in Ethiopia. It is also helpful to compare them with the African
national policy and the directions of development. Main focus is to ensure the
competitiveness in Africa and to increase the product with high added value. By the help of
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11. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
strategic planning tool it is possible to determine the project's Strengths, Opportunity,
Weakness, and Threat.
Strength Opportunity
Open Source of rain water. Opportunity for labour work.
A great potential for the water Starting step for developing further
conservation. ideas for forest-water management.
Overcomes the irrigation problems. Supports the conservation of
Will support the biodiversity. threaten species.
Health improvement by pure water
Low cost of implementation. Sustainable forest management can
be attained.
Possibility to involve the local labor
force.
Weakness Threat
Implementation requires time. Data reliability.
Governmental approval. Political influence and acceptance
Lack of sustainable national policy of project.
Plan predictability of financial Economic & financial issue
resources. It is also a possibility for local
municipalities to promote their
economic development and to
attract new labor force
Lack of motivation to improve the
local energy systems.
SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity & Threat) Analysis of project
Estimating the above major area it’s easy to conclude that the water management system
from forest opts good strength where as with the help of some governmental authorities its
east to decrease the threat for the success of water management by tropical forest of Ethiopia.
OBSERVATION
As per few previous monitoring based projects like “Global Observations of Forest and Land
Cover Dynamics” which was developed to improve the quality and availability of remote-
sensing observations of forests and land cover at regional and global scales, and to produce
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12. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
useful, timely, and validated information from these data for application in land cover/land
use management and research by a wide variety of users. Apart from that the physical
monitoring method will be also helpful for proper management and decision making. As its
always easy to make decision based on live scenario instead of making calculation on graphs
when it is about conservation. The project also supports advanced training institutes regional
workshops, and special conference sessions for young scientists at GOFC-GOLD Regional
Network meetings. START’s collaboration with NASA allows NASA and affiliated scientists
to have access to START’s skills for capacity building for research and adaptation to climate
change.
The proposed strategy has been developed around the following requirements:
o The program must incorporate both global and national level objectives and be
capable of providing results at national, regional and global scales.
o The information generated by the program must be useful for national level
resource planning and management, as well as vulnerability studies and
mitigation and adaptation planning.
o The monitoring system should utilize data from a variety of sources and allow
for in-country analyses where appropriate.
o The information generated by the system should have a known and stated
accuracy.
o Accuracy assessment must be an integral part of the program. Field validation
must be an essential component of the accuracy assessment.
o The monitoring system should be coupled to, and support an independent
vetting of the proposed methodology and be subject to independent peer
review.
o Data and information generated by the program must be made readily
available in a timely fashion to a broad user community. A data system should
be developed to serve the information management needs of the program and
its data users.
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13. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
CONCLUSIONS
With the second-largest population in sub-Saharan Africa and with a highly variable climate
and landscape, Ethiopia faces many serious challenges to efforts for the conservation of its
biodiversity and forests. With rare and endangered species of mammals, high rates of
endemism of bird populations, and the largest Afro alpine habitat on the continent, the
success of these efforts is critical. USAID, with a strong presence and diverse portfolio in the
country, is well placed to help with these efforts through direct activities, such as ecotourism,
as well as through indirect efforts to strengthen the rule of law or expand alternative
livelihood opportunities in rural areas. At the same time this project for the management of
forest and water conservation by forest will also help in providing nourishing nature to their
local species and vegetation.
There are, however, critical areas that must be addressed like drifting the natural part and
misbalancing the water supply in natures cycle by the government of Ethiopia, and other
development partners if conservation efforts are to be successful. Of the many threats and
actions described in this report, the following three points may best distil the most critical of
the challenges and point the way to broad actions to allow for specific interventions to meet
conservation objectives.
1. Fulfilling the basic need of pure water for the life for the public and irrigation.
2. Helps in conserving the particular part of forest, resource and vegitation by proper
monitoring and same water supply also helps avoiding natural fire disaster.
3. Deforestation can be further reduced and implements the afforestation for recovering
the damage caused by earning methods. This will further extend and meets the market
supply of wood and also recovers the economic loss along with natural.
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14. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Conservation International. “Biodiversity Hotspots—Eastern Afromontane.”
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/afromontane/Pages/default.aspx
Environmental Protection Authority. Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, Volumes II-IV
(1997).
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Forestry Conservation, Development and
Utilization Proclamation No. 94/1994 (1994).
Environmental Protection Authority. “Environmental Policy of Ethiopia.”
Ministry of Agriculture and USAID Ethiopia-Strengthening Land Tenure and
Administration Program (2006).
Government of Ethiopia and Other Stakeholders. “Participatory Forest Management,
Biodiversity and Livelihoods in Africa.” Proceedings of the International Conference,
Addis Ababa (2007).
International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN Red List of Endangered Species:
Canis simensis. http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/3748/summ (2007).
International Union for Conservation of Nature, Species Survival Commission. “The IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species” (2007). http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (retrieved June 2008).
Addis Ababa October-9 2012 – World Bank report on - Ethiopia Climate Project Receives
Africa’s First Forestry Carbon Credits under the CDM.
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2012/10/090/ethiopia-climate-project-receives-africa-s-
first-forestry-carbon-credits
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15. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
Ethiopian Rainforest info for deforestation
http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/archive/Ethiopia.htm
World Resources Institute. “Earth Trends: Biodiversity and Protected Areas—Ethiopia,
http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/bio_cou_231.pdf (2003).
GOFC-GOLD global land cover symposium - http://www.fao.org/gtos/gofc-gold/series.html
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16. Forest Management with Water conservation in Ethiopia
ETHIOPIA
“There can be no greater issue than that of conservation in this world”.
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