Chapter 1 Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility F.docxtidwellveronique
Chapter 1
Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility
Five arms linked by fists wrapped around wrists.
Don Klumpp/The Image Bank/Getty Images
Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
•Explain why it is important to study ethics and engage in ethical debates.
•Describe the roles of argument and emotion in ethics.
•Describe the function of logic in an argument and characterize an effective ethical argument.
•Explain how ethical theory can be applied to moral questions.
•Discuss how individual decisions can have consequences in the broader society.
•Identify the three dominant ethical theories in Western philosophy: utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics.
•Identify the influential ethical theories that have been proposed as alternatives to classical theories.
People have worried about ethical questions—most simply stated, what is right and wrong—since the earliest of days. From the most basic, everyday concerns to the most important challenges a society can face, we confront these basic ethical questions all the time. In the following pages, we will look at many such moral problems, as well as some of the ethical theories philosophers have offered to solve them.
The study of ethics can be frustrating at times, largely because the problems dealt with rarely lead to a result that satisfies everyone. Hence, the arguments continue, new points are raised, old views are discarded, and we seem to go nowhere. But some of this frustration can be alleviated when we realize that as long as people debate questions of right and wrong, these disagreements will persist. At the same time, however, we will discover that our understanding of those disagreements can be deepened and our abilities to reason about them improved. We may not solve all the ethical problems we confront, but we can make progress by solving some of them, and making clearer what is at stake in the problems themselves.
1.1 Why Study Ethics?
You are standing in line at the movies, and someone cuts in front of you. Your child is sent home from school because what is written on her t-shirt is considered "inappropriate." You discover that your best friend is cheating on his wife. You are forced to pay taxes to support behavior you think is wrong. Your commanding officer punishes you for something you didn't do. Your boss promotes a co-worker who took credit for work that was, in fact, done by you. You have a little extra money and, on your way to play the lottery, pass a homeless woman with her child.
These situations illustrate some of the ethical situations we may confront that would force us to consider what we should do, and whether our response is good or bad, right or wrong, moral or immoral. The study of those problems constitutes the discipline of philosophy known as ethics. The study of ethics is ancient and can be found across all cultures and in all times that humans have lived in social groups. That people consider what is r ...
FINAL-RESEARCH-ETICS.docx How Character development affects reasoning and im...ChristianMariano16
A Research Study
in Partial Fulfilment to the Requirements in Ethics
ABSTRACT
This study is primarily focused on how moral character developed stages of moral development reasons and impartiality as requirements for ethics. This study determined the relationship of an environment to an individual's development and its importance to moral reasoning and moral judgement. It also determined if an individual relies on his moral reason and impartiality when presented with dilemma. This study was conducted through quantitative online survey with 30 students at Aurora State College of Technology. Participants can be selected through the use of random sampling method. Findings showed that environments greatly affect the development, moral judgement and moral reasoning of an individual. Meanwhile, in a dilemma situation there's a different moral judgement and moral reason about what they think is right. This study shows that having a good environment is important to an individual's moral development. The character development of a person is affected by his environment. The character development of an individual is a major factor in his moral judgement and moral reasoning. In an ideal environment, an individual considers the right and wrongs when making a decision. In an ideal environment, an individual considers others when making a decision. Ideally, an individual makes his decision through moral reason and impartiality, considering the right and wrongs, and the people affected by the decision.
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
How do people develop morality? This question has fascinated parents, religious leaders, and philosophers for ages, but moral development has also become a hot-button issue in psychology and education. Do parental or societal influences play a greater role in moral development? Does development of moral character affects the judgement of a person? And are feelings be on the criteria or it should only be the set “moral rules” that is necessary to consider in terms of decision making?
It is commonly assumed that humans do not begin life with moral character or virtue. Most documented societies through history considered infants to be unformed persons, not yet moral members of society, “humanity-in-becoming” who have “watery souls” (Fijian) (Sahlins 2008: 101–102). This person-becoming view fits well with human sciences today, as a child’s development is viewed as the unfolding and co-construction of a complex dynamic system. At first, the infant is co-constructed by other complex, dynamic systems—caregivers. The personality that is formed is very much dependent on this early formation, which is largely beyond the control of the individual. However, over time, the individual takes on more choices about her or his own character development within the framework of subsequent social experience and enculturation.
Many scholars and researchers tries to give explanation about a person’s stages of moral development.
Moral Relativism Essay
Ethical Relativism Essays
What Does Moral Relativism Means
Moral Relativism Defended Summary
Moral Relativism
Theories Of Moral Relativism
Ethical Relativism And Moral Relativism
ETHICAL (MORAL) RELATIVISM Essay
Moral Relativism Research Paper
Moral Relativism Essay
Moral Relativism, By James Rachels
The Pros And Cons Of Moral Relativism
Paul Boghossian Moral Relativism
Ethical Relativism Moral Or Immoral
Moral Relativism
Moral Relativism Reflection
Moral Relativism
Examples Of Moral Relativism
My Personal Ethics Essay
What Does Ethics Mean? Essay
Essay on Ethics
Ethics in Research Essay
Ethics, Morals, And Laws Essay
What Is Ethics Essay
Ethics Essay
Ethics in Science Essay
Ethics: Morality And Ethics
Ethics And Ethics : Ethics
Ethics In The Workplace Essay
Ethics: Ethics And Ethics
SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF BEHAVIOR CHP. 1LEARNING OBJECTIVES.docxbagotjesusa
SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF BEHAVIOR CHP. 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
· Describe why an understanding of research methods is important.
· Describe the scientific approach to learning about behavior and contrast it with pseudoscientific research.
· Define and give examples of the four goals of scientific research: description, prediction, determination of cause, and explanation of behavior.
· Discuss the three elements for inferring causation: temporal order, covariation of cause and effect, and elimination of alternative explanations.
· Define, describe, compare, and contrast basic and applied research.
Page 2DO SOCIAL MEDIA SITES LIKE FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM IMPACT OUR RELATIONSHIPS? What causes alcoholism? How do our early childhood experiences affect our later lives? How do we remember things, what causes us to forget, and how can memory be improved? Why do we procrastinate? Why do some people experience anxiety so extreme that it disrupts their lives while others—facing the same situation—seem to be unaffected? How can we help people who suffer from depression? Why do we like certain people and dislike others?
Curiosity about questions like these is probably the most important reason that many students decide to take courses in the behavioral sciences. Science is the best way to explore and answer these sorts of questions. In this book, we will examine the methods of scientific research in the behavioral sciences. In this introductory chapter, we will focus on ways in which knowledge of research methods can be useful in understanding the world around us. Further, we will review the characteristics of a scientific approach to the study of behavior and the general types of research questions that concern behavioral scientists.
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH METHODS
We are continuously bombarded with research results: “Happiness Wards Off Heart Disease,” “Recession Causes Increase in Teen Dating Violence,” “Breast-Fed Children Found Smarter,” “Facebook Users Get Worse Grades in College.” Articles and books make claims about the beneficial or harmful effects of particular diets or vitamins on one's sex life, personality, or health. Survey results are frequently reported that draw conclusions about our beliefs concerning a variety of topics. The key question is, how do you evaluate such reports? Do you simply accept the findings because they are supposed to be scientific? A background in research methods will help you read these reports critically, evaluate the methods employed, and decide whether the conclusions are reasonable.
Many occupations require the use of research findings. For example, mental health professionals must make decisions about treatment methods, assignment of clients to different types of facilities, medications, and testing procedures. Such decisions are made on the basis of research; to make good decisions, mental health professionals must be able to read the research literature in the field and apply it to their professional lives. .
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility F.docxtidwellveronique
Chapter 1
Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility
Five arms linked by fists wrapped around wrists.
Don Klumpp/The Image Bank/Getty Images
Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
•Explain why it is important to study ethics and engage in ethical debates.
•Describe the roles of argument and emotion in ethics.
•Describe the function of logic in an argument and characterize an effective ethical argument.
•Explain how ethical theory can be applied to moral questions.
•Discuss how individual decisions can have consequences in the broader society.
•Identify the three dominant ethical theories in Western philosophy: utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics.
•Identify the influential ethical theories that have been proposed as alternatives to classical theories.
People have worried about ethical questions—most simply stated, what is right and wrong—since the earliest of days. From the most basic, everyday concerns to the most important challenges a society can face, we confront these basic ethical questions all the time. In the following pages, we will look at many such moral problems, as well as some of the ethical theories philosophers have offered to solve them.
The study of ethics can be frustrating at times, largely because the problems dealt with rarely lead to a result that satisfies everyone. Hence, the arguments continue, new points are raised, old views are discarded, and we seem to go nowhere. But some of this frustration can be alleviated when we realize that as long as people debate questions of right and wrong, these disagreements will persist. At the same time, however, we will discover that our understanding of those disagreements can be deepened and our abilities to reason about them improved. We may not solve all the ethical problems we confront, but we can make progress by solving some of them, and making clearer what is at stake in the problems themselves.
1.1 Why Study Ethics?
You are standing in line at the movies, and someone cuts in front of you. Your child is sent home from school because what is written on her t-shirt is considered "inappropriate." You discover that your best friend is cheating on his wife. You are forced to pay taxes to support behavior you think is wrong. Your commanding officer punishes you for something you didn't do. Your boss promotes a co-worker who took credit for work that was, in fact, done by you. You have a little extra money and, on your way to play the lottery, pass a homeless woman with her child.
These situations illustrate some of the ethical situations we may confront that would force us to consider what we should do, and whether our response is good or bad, right or wrong, moral or immoral. The study of those problems constitutes the discipline of philosophy known as ethics. The study of ethics is ancient and can be found across all cultures and in all times that humans have lived in social groups. That people consider what is r ...
FINAL-RESEARCH-ETICS.docx How Character development affects reasoning and im...ChristianMariano16
A Research Study
in Partial Fulfilment to the Requirements in Ethics
ABSTRACT
This study is primarily focused on how moral character developed stages of moral development reasons and impartiality as requirements for ethics. This study determined the relationship of an environment to an individual's development and its importance to moral reasoning and moral judgement. It also determined if an individual relies on his moral reason and impartiality when presented with dilemma. This study was conducted through quantitative online survey with 30 students at Aurora State College of Technology. Participants can be selected through the use of random sampling method. Findings showed that environments greatly affect the development, moral judgement and moral reasoning of an individual. Meanwhile, in a dilemma situation there's a different moral judgement and moral reason about what they think is right. This study shows that having a good environment is important to an individual's moral development. The character development of a person is affected by his environment. The character development of an individual is a major factor in his moral judgement and moral reasoning. In an ideal environment, an individual considers the right and wrongs when making a decision. In an ideal environment, an individual considers others when making a decision. Ideally, an individual makes his decision through moral reason and impartiality, considering the right and wrongs, and the people affected by the decision.
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
How do people develop morality? This question has fascinated parents, religious leaders, and philosophers for ages, but moral development has also become a hot-button issue in psychology and education. Do parental or societal influences play a greater role in moral development? Does development of moral character affects the judgement of a person? And are feelings be on the criteria or it should only be the set “moral rules” that is necessary to consider in terms of decision making?
It is commonly assumed that humans do not begin life with moral character or virtue. Most documented societies through history considered infants to be unformed persons, not yet moral members of society, “humanity-in-becoming” who have “watery souls” (Fijian) (Sahlins 2008: 101–102). This person-becoming view fits well with human sciences today, as a child’s development is viewed as the unfolding and co-construction of a complex dynamic system. At first, the infant is co-constructed by other complex, dynamic systems—caregivers. The personality that is formed is very much dependent on this early formation, which is largely beyond the control of the individual. However, over time, the individual takes on more choices about her or his own character development within the framework of subsequent social experience and enculturation.
Many scholars and researchers tries to give explanation about a person’s stages of moral development.
Moral Relativism Essay
Ethical Relativism Essays
What Does Moral Relativism Means
Moral Relativism Defended Summary
Moral Relativism
Theories Of Moral Relativism
Ethical Relativism And Moral Relativism
ETHICAL (MORAL) RELATIVISM Essay
Moral Relativism Research Paper
Moral Relativism Essay
Moral Relativism, By James Rachels
The Pros And Cons Of Moral Relativism
Paul Boghossian Moral Relativism
Ethical Relativism Moral Or Immoral
Moral Relativism
Moral Relativism Reflection
Moral Relativism
Examples Of Moral Relativism
My Personal Ethics Essay
What Does Ethics Mean? Essay
Essay on Ethics
Ethics in Research Essay
Ethics, Morals, And Laws Essay
What Is Ethics Essay
Ethics Essay
Ethics in Science Essay
Ethics: Morality And Ethics
Ethics And Ethics : Ethics
Ethics In The Workplace Essay
Ethics: Ethics And Ethics
SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF BEHAVIOR CHP. 1LEARNING OBJECTIVES.docxbagotjesusa
SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF BEHAVIOR CHP. 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
· Describe why an understanding of research methods is important.
· Describe the scientific approach to learning about behavior and contrast it with pseudoscientific research.
· Define and give examples of the four goals of scientific research: description, prediction, determination of cause, and explanation of behavior.
· Discuss the three elements for inferring causation: temporal order, covariation of cause and effect, and elimination of alternative explanations.
· Define, describe, compare, and contrast basic and applied research.
Page 2DO SOCIAL MEDIA SITES LIKE FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM IMPACT OUR RELATIONSHIPS? What causes alcoholism? How do our early childhood experiences affect our later lives? How do we remember things, what causes us to forget, and how can memory be improved? Why do we procrastinate? Why do some people experience anxiety so extreme that it disrupts their lives while others—facing the same situation—seem to be unaffected? How can we help people who suffer from depression? Why do we like certain people and dislike others?
Curiosity about questions like these is probably the most important reason that many students decide to take courses in the behavioral sciences. Science is the best way to explore and answer these sorts of questions. In this book, we will examine the methods of scientific research in the behavioral sciences. In this introductory chapter, we will focus on ways in which knowledge of research methods can be useful in understanding the world around us. Further, we will review the characteristics of a scientific approach to the study of behavior and the general types of research questions that concern behavioral scientists.
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH METHODS
We are continuously bombarded with research results: “Happiness Wards Off Heart Disease,” “Recession Causes Increase in Teen Dating Violence,” “Breast-Fed Children Found Smarter,” “Facebook Users Get Worse Grades in College.” Articles and books make claims about the beneficial or harmful effects of particular diets or vitamins on one's sex life, personality, or health. Survey results are frequently reported that draw conclusions about our beliefs concerning a variety of topics. The key question is, how do you evaluate such reports? Do you simply accept the findings because they are supposed to be scientific? A background in research methods will help you read these reports critically, evaluate the methods employed, and decide whether the conclusions are reasonable.
Many occupations require the use of research findings. For example, mental health professionals must make decisions about treatment methods, assignment of clients to different types of facilities, medications, and testing procedures. Such decisions are made on the basis of research; to make good decisions, mental health professionals must be able to read the research literature in the field and apply it to their professional lives. .
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
9. Distribution
Edward Westermarck is a Finnish philosopher
and sociologist, and he also taught sociology and
moral philosophy at the University of Helsinki and
also taught sociology at the University of
London. He is also famous for his anthropological
work on marriage and has already released a
book entitled "The Education of a Wandering
Man"
Edward Westermarck
10.
11. Ethics is generally looked upon as a
“normative” science, which is to
find and formulate moral principles
and rules possessing objective
validity
Ethics Is Not Normative
12. There are no moral principles which are
absolutely certain and self evident. It’s Clear,
for the simple reason that it is a tautology
that contains a great moral philosophy from
the days of Plato and Aristotle to the present.
https://steemit.com/life/@arulaceh/emosional
13. Whether God Is the Source of Right
Theological Statement of the argument
above is a statement based on the belief of
humanity that the truth comes from God.
Of course, such assumptions cannot be
proven yet clearly. But even if it can be
proven, what conclusions can be drawn
from it? namely that the revelation
(guidance from God) has an absolute moral
standarization, then all people must act
objectively according to the rules that have
become the provisions of God.
https://latterdaysaintmag.com/if-gods-
will-be-done-why-should-we-pray/
15. Moral Subjectivism Is Not Arbitrary
Moral judgment comes from your own
moral awareness, in assessing other
people's behavior not from the
perspective of a, b, c, but from you.
And this is not arbitrary, that you agree
or disagree because you cannot do
otherwise (your own moral contract.)https://www.timetoast.com/timeline
s/psychology-milestones
16. • Moral judgement are not objective, it means the
process of judging moral of person's are not based on
the actual situation and being influenced by personal
opinions or views
• Objective is about the actual situation without being
influenced by personal opinions or other opinions
16
https://hukum.tempo.co/read/1075381/setelah-setya-novanto-
dituntut-16-tahun-penjara-dalam-kasus-e-ktp