In Nathaniel Hawthorne's 'Young Goodman Brown,' the main theme revolves around the struggle between Goodman Brown's faith and his inner evil impulses, symbolizing a broader conflict between good and evil. Goodman Brown's journey into the forest represents a descent into his own consciousness, leading to a profound disillusionment regarding his community and faith after witnessing its hidden moral decay. Ultimately, the story highlights how this experience leaves Goodman Brown in a state of despair, as he grapples with the reality of sin and the inherent darkness within humanity.