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Essay On New Physics
Research Statement Zhen Liu
What is the (next accessible) scale of new physics? We do not have a clear answer. We are living through a challenging and exciting era, in sharp
contrast to the situation of the past (half) century in physics. The discovery of the Higgs boson, the determination of the non–zero Оё13 neutrino
mixing parameter, the first detection of gravitation waves, and many greatly improved experimental probes for new physics beyond the standard model
mark the great triumphs of our understandings of nature. Profound puzzles of nature, such as hierarchy problem, dark matter, neutrino properties,
matter–antimatter asymmetry, strong CP, flavor structure, etc., are actively being explored but yet remain to be solved. However, no
...show more
content...
Currently, I have been working on the intriguing potential for new physics through novel on–shell interference effects between signals and background
at different scales to probe BSM physics, and exotic long–lived particle signatures at the LHC. Given the long–term planning
1
Research Statement Zhen Liu September 2017 necessary for next–generation experiments and the exciting journey ahead of particle physics, I have
been working on physics cases for various future collider scenarios, including the ILC, CEPC, FCC–ee and a muon collider. As an active junior
member of the community, I also have been contributing to various community reports, including the 2013 Snowmass reports and recent Higgs Yellow
report and currently involved in the writing of the long–lived particle white paper and various design reports for future colliders. I recently have been
appointed a co–convener of the Higgs exotic decay subgroup of the LHC Higgs cross section working group (LHCHXSWG), bridging the theoretical
and experimental community in searching for non–standard Higgs boson decays.
My research interests and experience in BSM phenomenology cover a large span of topics. My research on Higgs physics ranges from Higgs precision
at various colliders, exotic Higgs decays, Higgs EFT, probing first–order electroweak phase transition via the Higgs boson, to composite Higgs physics
tests in the scheme of low
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Reflection On Physics
I wish I could start by saying that I have always loved physics. I didn't. In fact, I hated physics in the 9th and 10th grades, not because I didn't like
doing science or was bad at mathematics, but because I was unable to understand the equations, that appeared to come from nowhere. According to my
physics teacher, both of the equations for a vertically thrown ball y = 1/2gt 2 + v 0 t and y = в€’1/2gt 2 + v 0 t were correct, which didn't make much
sense to me because the signs were different!
However, my view on physics changed dramatically, when I started taking un– dergraduate physics classes in the summer vacation of 10th grade by
signing up for a distance learning program. Not knowing much either single– or multivari– able calculus,...show more content...
I started with the elliptic beta integral proven by Spiridonov and took appropriate limits to arrive at new equation, which I wrote with the help of my
supervisor as a new solution to the YBE. We are still in the process of writing a paper about our discoveries. I have learned a lot of new techniques
and physics during my time at the insti– tute. Most importantly, I met a new side of physics; researching. I usually did not have to spend more than
couple of hours before I have solved a problem on a problem sheet. Researching was a completely different experience; the prob– lem that I tackled did
not admit a solution for weeks, even though I worked intensively every day. Upon having realized that I have solved the problem, my heartbeat
increased and I felt an ecstatic sensation through my spine and my whole body; I discovered something nobody on earth knew before and thus,
extended the boundaries of human knowledge.
I have always liked discussing physics and mathematics with my friends at the university and in particular, helping them with the subjects, with which
they had problems. Hence, I decided to become a teaching assistant (TA) for the Analysis 1 lecture in the 3rd semester and later for the Analysis 2
lecture. Cur– rently I am a TA for theTheoretical Physics 3 (Electrodynamics) lecture. As a TA I presented the solutions to the problem sheets on a
blackboard for an exercise group of 20 students. In the
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Quantum Mechanics Essay
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics is the science of subatomic particles and their behavior patterns that are observed in nature. As the foundation of scientific
knowledge approached the start of the twentieth century, problems began to arise over the fact that classic physical ideas were not capable of
explaining the observed behavior of subatomic particles. In 1913, the Danish physicist Neils Bohr, proposed a successful quantum model of the atom
that began the process of a more defined understanding of its subatomic particles. It was accepted in the early part of the twentieth century that light
traveled as both waves and particles. The reason light appears to act as a wave and particle is because we are noticing the...show more content...
This observance is what Werner Heisenberg refereed to as the principle of uncertainty, which commonly became known as Heisenberg's Uncertainty
Principle. We have the illusion that position and momentum can co–exist in large objects whose inherent action is huge compared to subatomic
particles. Heisenberg realized that the uncertainty relations had profound implications. Heisenberg set himself to the task of finding the new quantum
mechanics to explain what his theories observed. He relied on what can be observed, namely the light emitted and absorbed by the atoms. By July
1925, Heisenberg wrote his answer in a paper. The basic idea of Heisenberg's paper was to get rid of the orbits in atoms and to arrive at new
mechanical equations. Heisenberg's approached focused mainly on the particle nature of electrons. The mathematics Heisenberg used were tables
commonly used for multiplication of arrays of numbers–mathematical objects known as matrices. Using the mathematics of matrices, scientists had at
last a new mechanics for calculating the quantum behavior of particles. Heisenberg, and others showed that the new quantum mechanics could account
for many of the properties of atoms and atomic events.
Most physicists were slow to accept matrix mechanics because of its abstract nature. Erwin Schrodinger came up with a mathematical equation which
nicely described the wave nature of electrons. Scientists gladly
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The History of Physics Essay
The History of Physics
In order to attempt to trace the origins of the modern science that we now refer to
as "physics," we must begin with the origin of the term itself. Taken from the Greek
word "physika" meaning growth or nature, physics most obviously began as the
intelligent study of the human environment (Webster 393). From superstition and
religious practices, the foundation of all other sciences was born. These concepts have
subsequently grown into what we regard today as physics.
It can be easily argued that the earliest evidence of mankind's scientific
assessment of the physical world can be traced to the Babylonians. In all
probability, the Babylonians had the first written language...show more content...
The discovery of
the studies and technologies of these previous cultures does in some regard require a
glance farther back.
A Greek philosopher named Herodotus supposedly reported that Pythagoras lived
in both Egypt and Babylon where he studied mathematics (Lindberg 13). It is impossible
to determine whether this is historical fact or merely legend. It would be extremely
difficult to ascertain exactly how much of the Greek's thinking was influenced by such
cultures; if in fact it was influenced at all.
Many texts choose the ancient Greek port of Miletus as the beginning of the
discovery of nature that we commonly think of as the original physics. The town of
Miletus is credited as the home of a Greek philosopher named Thales and what is know
of Thales is taken from the writings of Aristotle (Spangenburg 8). Thales is considered
to be the first example of a person leaving supernatural explanations in an effort to better
understand the natural world (Lindberg 29). If Thales of Miletus recorded any of his
own ideas, none have survived. At least none have yet been discovered.
Anaximander, another Greek philosopher, was a student of Thales and expressed
a belief that all life originated in the
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The Physics of Music Essay examples
Physical science is the study of non–living matter which I will be talking about the physics of music, and how pitch and frequency play a role together
in science. Physics is known to be the most fundamental science, based on the principle and concepts. It deals with matter, motion, force, and energy,
(Shipman–Wilson Higgins, 2013). In this report I will be dealing with pitch, frequency sound and waves which are also dealing with physical science
and how they our related.
Sound is (a) the physical transmission of a disorder (energy) in a standard and the physiological response generally to pressure waves in air. However,
the sound spectrum has much lower frequencies and is much simpler, with only three frequency regions; the infrasonic...show more content...
Intensity is the average flow of energy per unit time through a given area of the medium and is related to loudness, (Shipman–Wilson–Higgins, 2013).
Frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit time; also, the number of cycles or vibrations undergone in unit time by a body in
periodic motion. Frequency f is the reciprocal of the time T taken to complete one cycle (the period), or 1/T. The frequency with which earth rotates is
once per 24 hours, (Merriam–Webster).
Frequency is usually expressed in units called hertz (Hz). One hertz is equal to one cycle per second; one kilohertz (kHz) is 1,000 Hz, and one
megahertz (MHz) is 1,000,000 Hz. The musical pitch an above middle C (the A string of a violin) has been widely standardized as 440 Hz,
(Merriam–Webster).
The frequency of a sound wave may be physical measured, whereas pitch is the perceived highness or lowness of a sound. A higher pitch has a higher
number of vibrations. In Western music, standard pitches have long been used to facilitate tuning. A confusing variety of pitches prevailed until the
19th century, when the continual rise in pitch made some international agreement a matter of practical necessity, (Merriam–Webster). For example, a
soprano has a high– pitched voice compared with a baritone. Pitch is related to frequency. If a sound with a single frequency is heard at two intensity
levels, then nearly all listeners will agree that the more intense sound has a lower pitch.
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New Physics Essay
What is the (next accessible) scale of new physics?
We do not have a clear answer. We are living through a challenging and exciting era, in sharp contrast to the situation in the past (half) century in
physics.
The discovery of the Higgs boson, the determination of the non–zero $theta_ {13} $ neutrino mixing parameter, the first detection of gravitation
waves, and many significantly improved experimental probes for new physics beyond the standard model mark the great triumphs of our
understandings of nature.
Profound puzzles of nature, such as hierarchy problem, dark matter, neutrino properties, matter–antimatter asymmetry, strong CP, flavor structure, etc.,
are actively being explored but yet remain to be solved. However, no clear...show more content...
My research on supersymmetry~(SUSY) includes DM physics in conjunction with Higgs boson, SUSY particle searches in scenarios such as
compressed spectra, stealthy SUSY and displaced SUSY with long–lived particles, as well as using the Higgs bosons as portals to SUSY particles.
Moreover, I am experienced and interested in QCD and Jet observables at colliders in both traditional kinematics construction and Machine Learning
methods. Furthermore, my research in studies of general resonances also stands out, such as colored resonances, $tbar t$ resonances, $Z^prime$ and
$W^prime$ through assorted asymmetries and electroweak radiation observables.
Currently, I have pioneered in using unconventional on–shell interference effects to between signals and background amplitudes to probe new physics.
I have identified several critical processes at the LHC and found these interesting on–shell interference effects not only an essential component of the
precision programs but also unique probes for BSM physics. What's more, I am working on using angular distributions in boosted $tbar t$ system at
the LHC and proposing new searches for exotic long–lived particle signatures in stop coannihilation DM scenario in the MSSM and a next to minimal
dark matter model.
Given the long–term planning necessary for next–generation experiments and the exciting
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Physics in Sports Essay
Physics in Sports
When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesn't always come to mind. They usually don't think about connecting athletics with
academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together,
Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a
game. Athletics and sports are made by the people who play, watch, and study them. Without all of the enthusiastic participants, there would be no
development, education, and intensity that we all know and love about sports. The one component that reigns over...show more content...
As for the golf industry there is the issue of everybody wanting to hit the ball farther, and the golf companies keep putting out new clubs that allow
this to be possible. So I really think that the golf companies will continue to hover around the upper limit COR of .83 for drivers because there is still
a really high demand for drivers that hit the ball a long way. For pole–vaulting I see no issue in the near future. It will be exciting to see the new
advances made to the poles and to see how high the athletes can get. As for the new sciences in the three articles I really learned a lot. I learned
what the trampoline effect was and how it ties into more than just one sport. I learned what the coefficient of restitution was and how it affects the
flight of a golf ball. I also learned what strain energy was and how it applies to stored energy. But most importantly I think, is that I learned that
without the understanding of physics none of these sports would be organized or be able to make the advances that it has over the years.
When it comes down to it everybody is affected by physics in sports. If there are rules and regulations put on products then the producers are affected
greatly. The consumers are always affected by what the producers put out for them to have. If they are educated on the physics of the sport then they
can make the best possible decision when it comes to picking a product. This also
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Essay On New Physics

  • 1. Essay On New Physics Research Statement Zhen Liu What is the (next accessible) scale of new physics? We do not have a clear answer. We are living through a challenging and exciting era, in sharp contrast to the situation of the past (half) century in physics. The discovery of the Higgs boson, the determination of the non–zero Оё13 neutrino mixing parameter, the first detection of gravitation waves, and many greatly improved experimental probes for new physics beyond the standard model mark the great triumphs of our understandings of nature. Profound puzzles of nature, such as hierarchy problem, dark matter, neutrino properties, matter–antimatter asymmetry, strong CP, flavor structure, etc., are actively being explored but yet remain to be solved. However, no ...show more content... Currently, I have been working on the intriguing potential for new physics through novel on–shell interference effects between signals and background at different scales to probe BSM physics, and exotic long–lived particle signatures at the LHC. Given the long–term planning 1 Research Statement Zhen Liu September 2017 necessary for next–generation experiments and the exciting journey ahead of particle physics, I have been working on physics cases for various future collider scenarios, including the ILC, CEPC, FCC–ee and a muon collider. As an active junior member of the community, I also have been contributing to various community reports, including the 2013 Snowmass reports and recent Higgs Yellow report and currently involved in the writing of the long–lived particle white paper and various design reports for future colliders. I recently have been appointed a co–convener of the Higgs exotic decay subgroup of the LHC Higgs cross section working group (LHCHXSWG), bridging the theoretical and experimental community in searching for non–standard Higgs boson decays. My research interests and experience in BSM phenomenology cover a large span of topics. My research on Higgs physics ranges from Higgs precision at various colliders, exotic Higgs decays, Higgs EFT, probing first–order electroweak phase transition via the Higgs boson, to composite Higgs physics tests in the scheme of low Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Reflection On Physics I wish I could start by saying that I have always loved physics. I didn't. In fact, I hated physics in the 9th and 10th grades, not because I didn't like doing science or was bad at mathematics, but because I was unable to understand the equations, that appeared to come from nowhere. According to my physics teacher, both of the equations for a vertically thrown ball y = 1/2gt 2 + v 0 t and y = в€’1/2gt 2 + v 0 t were correct, which didn't make much sense to me because the signs were different! However, my view on physics changed dramatically, when I started taking un– dergraduate physics classes in the summer vacation of 10th grade by signing up for a distance learning program. Not knowing much either single– or multivari– able calculus,...show more content... I started with the elliptic beta integral proven by Spiridonov and took appropriate limits to arrive at new equation, which I wrote with the help of my supervisor as a new solution to the YBE. We are still in the process of writing a paper about our discoveries. I have learned a lot of new techniques and physics during my time at the insti– tute. Most importantly, I met a new side of physics; researching. I usually did not have to spend more than couple of hours before I have solved a problem on a problem sheet. Researching was a completely different experience; the prob– lem that I tackled did not admit a solution for weeks, even though I worked intensively every day. Upon having realized that I have solved the problem, my heartbeat increased and I felt an ecstatic sensation through my spine and my whole body; I discovered something nobody on earth knew before and thus, extended the boundaries of human knowledge. I have always liked discussing physics and mathematics with my friends at the university and in particular, helping them with the subjects, with which they had problems. Hence, I decided to become a teaching assistant (TA) for the Analysis 1 lecture in the 3rd semester and later for the Analysis 2 lecture. Cur– rently I am a TA for theTheoretical Physics 3 (Electrodynamics) lecture. As a TA I presented the solutions to the problem sheets on a blackboard for an exercise group of 20 students. In the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Quantum Mechanics Essay Quantum Mechanics Quantum Mechanics is the science of subatomic particles and their behavior patterns that are observed in nature. As the foundation of scientific knowledge approached the start of the twentieth century, problems began to arise over the fact that classic physical ideas were not capable of explaining the observed behavior of subatomic particles. In 1913, the Danish physicist Neils Bohr, proposed a successful quantum model of the atom that began the process of a more defined understanding of its subatomic particles. It was accepted in the early part of the twentieth century that light traveled as both waves and particles. The reason light appears to act as a wave and particle is because we are noticing the...show more content... This observance is what Werner Heisenberg refereed to as the principle of uncertainty, which commonly became known as Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. We have the illusion that position and momentum can co–exist in large objects whose inherent action is huge compared to subatomic particles. Heisenberg realized that the uncertainty relations had profound implications. Heisenberg set himself to the task of finding the new quantum mechanics to explain what his theories observed. He relied on what can be observed, namely the light emitted and absorbed by the atoms. By July 1925, Heisenberg wrote his answer in a paper. The basic idea of Heisenberg's paper was to get rid of the orbits in atoms and to arrive at new mechanical equations. Heisenberg's approached focused mainly on the particle nature of electrons. The mathematics Heisenberg used were tables commonly used for multiplication of arrays of numbers–mathematical objects known as matrices. Using the mathematics of matrices, scientists had at last a new mechanics for calculating the quantum behavior of particles. Heisenberg, and others showed that the new quantum mechanics could account for many of the properties of atoms and atomic events. Most physicists were slow to accept matrix mechanics because of its abstract nature. Erwin Schrodinger came up with a mathematical equation which nicely described the wave nature of electrons. Scientists gladly Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. The History of Physics Essay The History of Physics In order to attempt to trace the origins of the modern science that we now refer to as "physics," we must begin with the origin of the term itself. Taken from the Greek word "physika" meaning growth or nature, physics most obviously began as the intelligent study of the human environment (Webster 393). From superstition and religious practices, the foundation of all other sciences was born. These concepts have subsequently grown into what we regard today as physics. It can be easily argued that the earliest evidence of mankind's scientific assessment of the physical world can be traced to the Babylonians. In all probability, the Babylonians had the first written language...show more content... The discovery of the studies and technologies of these previous cultures does in some regard require a glance farther back. A Greek philosopher named Herodotus supposedly reported that Pythagoras lived
  • 5. in both Egypt and Babylon where he studied mathematics (Lindberg 13). It is impossible to determine whether this is historical fact or merely legend. It would be extremely difficult to ascertain exactly how much of the Greek's thinking was influenced by such cultures; if in fact it was influenced at all. Many texts choose the ancient Greek port of Miletus as the beginning of the discovery of nature that we commonly think of as the original physics. The town of Miletus is credited as the home of a Greek philosopher named Thales and what is know of Thales is taken from the writings of Aristotle (Spangenburg 8). Thales is considered to be the first example of a person leaving supernatural explanations in an effort to better understand the natural world (Lindberg 29). If Thales of Miletus recorded any of his own ideas, none have survived. At least none have yet been discovered. Anaximander, another Greek philosopher, was a student of Thales and expressed a belief that all life originated in the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. The Physics of Music Essay examples Physical science is the study of non–living matter which I will be talking about the physics of music, and how pitch and frequency play a role together in science. Physics is known to be the most fundamental science, based on the principle and concepts. It deals with matter, motion, force, and energy, (Shipman–Wilson Higgins, 2013). In this report I will be dealing with pitch, frequency sound and waves which are also dealing with physical science and how they our related. Sound is (a) the physical transmission of a disorder (energy) in a standard and the physiological response generally to pressure waves in air. However, the sound spectrum has much lower frequencies and is much simpler, with only three frequency regions; the infrasonic...show more content... Intensity is the average flow of energy per unit time through a given area of the medium and is related to loudness, (Shipman–Wilson–Higgins, 2013). Frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit time; also, the number of cycles or vibrations undergone in unit time by a body in periodic motion. Frequency f is the reciprocal of the time T taken to complete one cycle (the period), or 1/T. The frequency with which earth rotates is once per 24 hours, (Merriam–Webster). Frequency is usually expressed in units called hertz (Hz). One hertz is equal to one cycle per second; one kilohertz (kHz) is 1,000 Hz, and one megahertz (MHz) is 1,000,000 Hz. The musical pitch an above middle C (the A string of a violin) has been widely standardized as 440 Hz, (Merriam–Webster). The frequency of a sound wave may be physical measured, whereas pitch is the perceived highness or lowness of a sound. A higher pitch has a higher number of vibrations. In Western music, standard pitches have long been used to facilitate tuning. A confusing variety of pitches prevailed until the 19th century, when the continual rise in pitch made some international agreement a matter of practical necessity, (Merriam–Webster). For example, a soprano has a high– pitched voice compared with a baritone. Pitch is related to frequency. If a sound with a single frequency is heard at two intensity levels, then nearly all listeners will agree that the more intense sound has a lower pitch. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. New Physics Essay What is the (next accessible) scale of new physics? We do not have a clear answer. We are living through a challenging and exciting era, in sharp contrast to the situation in the past (half) century in physics. The discovery of the Higgs boson, the determination of the non–zero $theta_ {13} $ neutrino mixing parameter, the first detection of gravitation waves, and many significantly improved experimental probes for new physics beyond the standard model mark the great triumphs of our understandings of nature. Profound puzzles of nature, such as hierarchy problem, dark matter, neutrino properties, matter–antimatter asymmetry, strong CP, flavor structure, etc., are actively being explored but yet remain to be solved. However, no clear...show more content... My research on supersymmetry~(SUSY) includes DM physics in conjunction with Higgs boson, SUSY particle searches in scenarios such as compressed spectra, stealthy SUSY and displaced SUSY with long–lived particles, as well as using the Higgs bosons as portals to SUSY particles. Moreover, I am experienced and interested in QCD and Jet observables at colliders in both traditional kinematics construction and Machine Learning methods. Furthermore, my research in studies of general resonances also stands out, such as colored resonances, $tbar t$ resonances, $Z^prime$ and $W^prime$ through assorted asymmetries and electroweak radiation observables. Currently, I have pioneered in using unconventional on–shell interference effects to between signals and background amplitudes to probe new physics. I have identified several critical processes at the LHC and found these interesting on–shell interference effects not only an essential component of the precision programs but also unique probes for BSM physics. What's more, I am working on using angular distributions in boosted $tbar t$ system at the LHC and proposing new searches for exotic long–lived particle signatures in stop coannihilation DM scenario in the MSSM and a next to minimal dark matter model. Given the long–term planning necessary for next–generation experiments and the exciting Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Physics in Sports Essay Physics in Sports When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesn't always come to mind. They usually don't think about connecting athletics with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. Athletics and sports are made by the people who play, watch, and study them. Without all of the enthusiastic participants, there would be no development, education, and intensity that we all know and love about sports. The one component that reigns over...show more content... As for the golf industry there is the issue of everybody wanting to hit the ball farther, and the golf companies keep putting out new clubs that allow this to be possible. So I really think that the golf companies will continue to hover around the upper limit COR of .83 for drivers because there is still a really high demand for drivers that hit the ball a long way. For pole–vaulting I see no issue in the near future. It will be exciting to see the new advances made to the poles and to see how high the athletes can get. As for the new sciences in the three articles I really learned a lot. I learned what the trampoline effect was and how it ties into more than just one sport. I learned what the coefficient of restitution was and how it affects the flight of a golf ball. I also learned what strain energy was and how it applies to stored energy. But most importantly I think, is that I learned that without the understanding of physics none of these sports would be organized or be able to make the advances that it has over the years. When it comes down to it everybody is affected by physics in sports. If there are rules and regulations put on products then the producers are affected greatly. The consumers are always affected by what the producers put out for them to have. If they are educated on the physics of the sport then they can make the best possible decision when it comes to picking a product. This also Get more content on HelpWriting.net