Essay Methodology

Research Methodology
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
S. Rajasekar
School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli– 620 024, Tamilnadu, Indiaв€
—
P. Philominathan
Department of Physics, Sri AVVM Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur– 613 503, Tamilnadu, India
V. Chinnathambi
Department of Physics, AKGS Arts College, Srivaikundam– 628 619, Tamilnadu, India In this
manuscript various components of research are listed and brieп¬‚y discussed. The topics considered
in this write–up cover a part of the research methodology paper of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
course and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) course. The manuscript is intended for students and
research scholars of science subjects such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, statistics, biology and
computer...show more content...
(9) Social research helps п¬Ѓnd answers to social problems. They explain social phenomena and
seek solution to social problems. (10) Research leads to a new style of life and makes it delightful
and glorious . Emphasizing the importance of research Louis Pasteur said "I beseech you to take
interest in these sacred domains called laboratories. Ask that there be more and that they be adorned
for these are the temples of the future, wealth and well–being. It is here that humanity will learn to
read progress and individual harmony in the works of nature, while humanity's own works are all too
often those of babarism, fanaticism and destruction." (Louis Paster – article by S.Mahanti, Dream
2047, p.29–34 (May 2003)). In order to know what it means to do research one may read scientiп¬Ѓc
autobiographies like Richard Feynmann's "Surely you are joking, Mr.Feynmann!", Jim Watson's
"The double helix", "Science as a way of life – A biography of C.N.R. Rao" by Mohan Sundararajan,
etc.
C.
Importance of Research
Research is important both in scientiп¬Ѓc and nonscientiп¬Ѓc п¬Ѓelds. In our life new problems,
events, phenomena and processes occur every day. Practically implementable solutions and
suggestions are required for tackling new problems that arise. Scientists have to undertake research
on them and п¬Ѓnd their causes, solutions, explanations and applications. Precisely, research assists
us to understand nature
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Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that

home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I

Methodology: Scientific Method and Research
How Do You Write a Methodology
If you want to make your research appear more credible there is no option but to understand in
detail, how to write a methodology. A research methodology will help you showcase your knowledge
of using alternative methods that help in presenting your research topic more valid. The best way to
demonstrate your research is by using a qualitative or quantitative research process. The following
are the general guidelines that you should follow depending on the type of dissertation or research
paper you are writing.
Tips on Writing a Methodology for a Research Paper
When you are writing a methodology, keep in mind you are supposed to explain your basic research
plan. You need to begin with a few...show more content...
If you have conducted a survey, explain how, when, why you conducted it and if you are using a
survey conducted by someone else, make sure you state the source. You should include the original
copy of the survey in the appendix and state in your methodology that the survey is included in the
appendix.
Time Period and Procedure
Another important aspect of methodology is to explain when you began conducting your research
and the time it ended or will end. You should also explain any of the procedures you followed while
conducting the research such as filling consent forms by the participants, instructions handed out to
the participants, etc.
Analysis
Now comes the most significant part of writing a methodology. You need to analyze the data you
acquired in detail. You need to answer each of the research questions you have to address. Perform
statistical tests specifically that helps identify the dependent and independent variables in the data (if
present). You can even explain the computer software that was used to help you come to the
conclusion.
Assessment
In case of the instruments you have used for your research, for example, a survey, you need to prove
its validity as well as reliability. Validity is the accuracy of your measurement. You need to include
the face validity of your survey, content validity that covers the topic and construct validity that
refers to the theories you have used to explore the survey. Reliability is the

The conventional software development methodologies projects have failed to overcome the
problem of volatility in the present project management processes in organizations. This is because
they are mostly linear and sequential, imposing a significant challenge when meeting changing user
requirements. Volatility in user requirements has been a significant predicament until the discovery
of agile project management methodologies such as scrum, Extreme programming, and Future driven
development. Volatility originates from the urge of organizations to cope up with varying
technological structure and market dynamics (Cockburn, 2002). The conventional software
development methods include sequential and linear processes cannot meet changing user...show more
content...
It is evident that extreme programmers engage in regular communications with other programmers
and their potential customers. Their simplicity is evident in the precise and clean design of software.
A two–way communication between programmers and customers stimulate feedbacks through
testing of software on its first day of release. The backbones of agile project management are timely
delivery of the software to clients and implementation necessary changes.
Schwaber & Beedle (2002) asserts that Extreme Programming (XP) has increasingly emerged to be a
popular methodology technique because of its customer satisfaction. Unlike other software
development techniques that offer customer satisfaction on a future date, Extreme Programming
delivers what consumers want at the right time. The delivery of software in releases consisting of
single or more iterations system collectively conveys the entire value to the customer (Favaro, 2002).
Despite the system being incomplete at the end of iteration, the implemented functionalities perform
the intended tasks without errors. This implies that each release satisfies customers' needs and
notifies the customer to expect more in the forth–coming release. Responding to clients demands
during the programming phase of the cycle is possible with this methodology technique, resulting to
in its popularity.
Simplicity is another aspect of Extreme

Feminist Methodologies Essay example
Feminism is a perspective not a research method, meaning there are multiple ways to approach the
study of women (Reinharz, 1992). However, a central goal of feminist empiricism, standpoint
epistemology, and post–modernism methodologies is that women's lives are important and must
understand women from their perspective and in context (O'Donnell, 1985, in Reinharz, 1992).
Feminist methodologies all share a dedication to move the focus from the masculine perspective to
incorporating both men and women to advance knowledge (DeVault, 1996). Therefore, it isresearch
about women but also for women. It aims to identify various intelligences, the different ways of
knowing, and to give a say to the silent voices (DeVault, 1996). Feminist...show more content...
Harding (1987) acknowledges there are three feminist methodologies depending on the relationship
between experience and theory the researcher takes. These differences are based on epistemology
and the research approach, instead of data collection (Davidson & Tolich, 2003), and each
methodology shapes the research methods used (Skeggs, 1995). The first is feminist empiricism
developed in the 1960s–1970s. It opposed the universality of male experience, and the partial
knowledge that patriarchal methods provided (Burns & Walker, 2005). Women were thus added into
research to remove the sexist bias, as these researchers believed women see the world differently to
men, and experiences by women bring an objective knowledge that is central to challenging
stereotypes and untruths (Skeggs, 1995). This methodology seeks equal opportunities for men and
women, achieving this by questioning society and using mainstream methods in a new way.
The second is feminist standpoint epistemology. This position views the oppressed to be the source
of knowledge as they are the ones with the experience and knowing. Researchers thus understand the
world from the view of the oppressed women in that particular location (Skeggs, 1995). However, as
the social control of women (race, history, and interests) differs across cultures, this methodology
uses 'insider' investigation to enhance knowledge on a particular group by transferring all authority

Evaluation Of A Research Methodology Essay
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
Overview of the Research Methodology Action research is the most suitable process to use in order
to address this research problem. The researcher needs a solution that's reliable to use and
appropriate to administer in a classroom setting. The issue, although prevalent throughout the
district, is still unique in the parameters of this fourth grade class. It is not the goal of the researcher
to generalize their findings to a large population, but instead to meet the needs and weaknesses of a
single group of students with which the researcher interacts with regularly.
Proposed Research Design The researcher will use action research to collect both quantitative and
qualitative data. The main objective of this research is to positively affect students ability to solve
word–problems effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the quantitative data will measure their growth
from before and after intervention. The qualitative data will gather students' responses regarding the
benefits of using/reusing taught methods. In addressing the first research question (How effective
are language–focused techniques at improving 4th grade students' understanding of math word
problems?), empirical data will serve as evidence. To answer the second research question (What are
the perceived benefits in 4th grade students using a graphic organizer/visual support as a strategy in
solving math word problems?), students will submit an anonymous survey which

Methodology: Research Approach
3.0 Research methodology
Methodology refers to a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity. It is not a
formula but a set of practices which can be used to conduct a research approach, research method,
questionnaire design, sample size, primary research, secondary data, and others. For the purpose of
doing methodology and explain about the research flow and also the lastly most important things
which is to showed the capability of the research flows.
3.1 Research Approach
Research approach towards the plans and where the procedures towards the research that span the
process from the broad assumptions to the detailed methods of the data collection, analysis and the
interpretation. Research Approach has two kinds of sorts

Research and Design Methodology Essay
M1A1 : Research and Design Methodology 2
In order to understand human development one must observe how people change over time at
different ages. In the logitudinal design participants or groups are studied over and over again at
differetn times and chages are noted as they age. The observation time can very depending on
information being gathered. Sometimes lasting short periods of time or years. One benefit of the
logitudinal approach is that it would observe each persons performances over the specified time
span, allowing to identify any patters or problems in development. Another benefit is that it allows
participants to be studied at different ages. Some...show more content...
(Berk 2014) By using this design we would be able to compare participants who were born
different years however were the same age. Additionally we could comapre findings of longitudinal
adn cross–sectional and be confident of outcomes.
There are several ways to gather information, systemic observation, self–reporting, clinical studies
and ethnographies of life circumstances. (Berk 2014) Using the systemic observation uses observing
in two differetn settings. In naturalistic observation objects natural environment in which the subject
would be in its everyday surroundings. Structured observation in which the subject would be
observed in a controlled setting such as a lab. When using structured observation the environemtn
can be controlled to be the same for each participant which might prevent subjects from behaving as
they would in their everyday lives.
Using self reports has participants answer questions. Interviews can be relaxed, conversation style
or more structured like a test. (Berk 2014) This may cause problems because it could be difficult to
compare answers.
The case study or clinical method allows a bigger picture of one individual be studied. In this
method the goal is to get as much information as possible from many angels which is helpful with
individual cases. The unfortunat part is these findings are only useful for each individual.
To study

Methodology And Methods Of An Methodology
Methodology and methods
Methodology
The chosen methodology for this project is a case study. The term methodology is an overall
approach for a particular study (Sim and Wright, 2000). Case studies have been described as
collecting small qualitative data (Gerring, 2007) focused on narrow, in–depth examinations of
chosen topics (Savin–Baden and Major, 2012). This chosen methodology works well with my
interpretivist paradigm approach whereby I intend to explore the viewpoint of one participant
(Baxter and Jack, 2008) and depict the issues they encounter as a teacher. It is also beneficial to my
project as it is a pilot study therefore is on a small scale and likely to provide in depth data which
could be applicable to others (Merriam,...show more content...
To be able to explore different areas of inquiry and have valuable data from my interview I will need
to encourage my participant to talk freely and to feel relaxed when responding to my questions
(Clough and Nutbrown, 2007). By collecting this data this way I will be addressing my research
question (Sim and Wright, 2000).
As my research question is an exploratory one carrying out a semi–structured interview is beneficial
to my work because I intend gain insight and understanding to the issues teachers face. However, an
issue with my chosen method is it will take place over the phone. This limits my data and I because
my participant may not feel comfortable opening up without face–to–face interaction. However this
may benefit my work as the phone can be a comfort for them.
Due to this project being a small–scale pilot study, the paper requires only one example of a data
collection method. As a result of this I am limited as I only have the opportunity to interview my
participant once (Newbury, 2009). In spite of this, the loose structure of the interview can cover all
topics which are vital to my research (Bell,2010). I will also have the advantage of taking my time
during the interview. By carrying out a semi–structured interview I can ask questions which I may
not have initially intended to ask. The conversation will not follow a strict structure nor time scale
therefore allows my

Sample Methodology Essay
Chapter 3 3.0 Methodology This methodology section of the research report describes how the
study will be conducted and the methods used to collect and analyse the data. The overall aim of
this methodology section is to provide an overview on the methods employed so that a judgment
can be made as to how appropriate they are and how valid the data that has been generated is.
Throughout the methodology process, it is imperative to remember the question this research is
aiming to answer for: Has the Recession been a significant factor in bringing about change in the
recruitment process within the public sector? Introduction The recession has affected many HR
Processes and new strategies must be developed in order to adapt to the...show more content...
Firstly, in interpretivism, there is no notion of a factual reality, but rather a situation that is created
and interpreted by people (Denscombe, 2002). This means that any research conducted into social
research will automatically shape the results found (Denscombe, 2002). Interpretivism has evolved
from studies trying to understand how people make sense of the world around them (Bryman,
2004). This research methodology engages in an Interpretivism approach so therefore to a major
extent rejects the basic assumptions made by positivism. A summary of the main differences
between positivism and interpretivism can be found in table 3.1 Positivism| Interpretivism| The
patterns and regularities in the social world exist independently of whether they are recognised by
people| Social reality is subjective| The research tools have no effect on the thing being observed|
Humans react to the knowledge that they are being studied| The researcher is expected to remain
impartial in order to obtain objective results| It is impossible to gain objective knowledge about
social phenomena| Table 3.1 Summary of Positivism versus Interpretivism (Denscombe, 2002) 1.2.5
Inductive versus Deductive Approachesпј€
еЅ’зєідёЋжј”з»Ћпј‰ The deduction approach begins
from the proposal of the theory and ends when the evidence is collected in order to prove the theory
either true or

Qualitative Research Methodology
METHODOLOGY
Methodology of research indicates the general pattern for organizing the procedure for the empirical
study together with the method of obtaining valid and reliable data for problem under
investigation.70
Research methods refer to the technique used to structure a study and to gather and analyze
information in a systematic fashion.37
Research methods involves the steps, procedures and strategies for gathering and analyzing data in a
study.37
The present study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on
knowledge regarding management of selected obstetric emergencies among the Final Year GNM
Students of selected school of Nursing, Belgaum, Karnataka.
This chapter deals with the different steps that were undertaken by the investigator for gathering and
analyzing the data. The various steps involved in this study are as follows:
1.Research approach
2.Research design
3.Research setting
4.Variables
5.Population.
6.Sample and sampling technique
7.Description of the tool
8.Validity and reliability of the tool
9.Pilot study
10.Procedure for data collection
11.Collection and plan for data analysis.
Research approach:
Research approaches indicate the procedures for conducting the study.71
An evaluative approach was adopted in this study as the researcher implemented an intervention in
order to achieve the research objectives.
Evaluative research is the process of collecting and analyzing information relating to

Sample Research Proposal on Methodology
Sample Research Proposal on Methodology
Research Design
The study intends to investigate the perception of Hong Kong Shoppers regarding the service and
product satisfaction. Thus, this study will determine the complaint behavior of Hong Kong
shoppers. For this study, primary research and secondary research will be used. Moreover, the
descriptive research method will be utilized. In this method, it is possible that the study would be
cheap and quick. It could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nonetheless, it would be very hard
to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer causations. Thus, this study will use the
descriptive approach. This descriptive type of research utilizes observations in the study. To illustrate
...show more content...
Measurement
First, the respondents shall fill out a self–administered questionnaire. Ideally, the respondents will
grade each statement in the survey–questionnaire using a Likert scale (Barnett, V. 1991), with a
five–response scale wherein respondents will be given five response choices.
The equivalent weights for the answers will be: Range Interpretation 4.50 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
3.50 – 4.49 Agree
2.50 – 3.49 Uncertain
1.50 – 2.49 Disagree
0.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree
The researcher opted to use the questionnaire as a tool since it is easy to construct having the rules
and principles of construction are easy to follow. Moreover, copies of the questionnaire could
reach a considerable number of respondents either by mail or by personal distribution. Generally,
responses to a questionnaire are objectified and standardized and these make tabulation easy. But
more importantly, the respondents' replies are of their own free will because there is no interviewer
to influence them. This is one way to avoid biases, particularly the interviewers' bias. The researcher
will

Methodology Essay
Methodology essay
While conducting research there are many different methods in which to find out results. It is
essential to use and carry out the best form of research technique in order to gain the best and most
accurate results for the intended piece of research. Firstly the researcher should be able to identify if
they need primary or secondary research to gain data upon before they start identifying which
different techniques they should use. Primary research looks into a topic or choice that no other
researcher has yet to conduct. It may be a brand new topic, possibly research into a new company,
medicine, or new piece legislation and its affects. Primary research tends to gain results from
qualitative methods such as...show more content...
As well interviews allow flexible questioning. This may be a question in response to a reply from
the person being questioned. This question may not have initially been prepared for the topic but
be used at the time to dwell further into the respondents answers to gain a more accurate result.
However, unless interviews are being carried out among staff in the personal work area, as in my
case, then interviews can be quite expensive. If having to travel around from one area to another
to reach the perfect respondent from company to company then travel costs can be a big effect on
results if the researcher doesn't set aside an adequate amount. Also there is always the possibility of
revisiting the interviewee to ask further questions. This will again add on to the travel costs. As
interviews are usually personal meetings between people, then they are always subject to bias.
Whether it is the researcher doesn't like the person being questioned or they may not like their
answers. Also interviews can be time consuming so it is important an adequate amount of time is set
aside to gain all the results needed through initial interviews and possible revisits.
Focus groups are a form of qualitative research. This allows an interactive group setting discuss
their opinions, perceptions and beliefs towards a certain subject. It is a quick and easy way to gain
sample size results from an open

Essay on Research Methodology
3. Methodology: 3.1 Introduction: The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using
secondary data collected by the communication agency, MESH Planning. The agency developed an
innovative approach called 'real–time experience tracking', which involves three stages of data
collection. And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in
order to get an insight of critical incidents. This section will start with a comparison of three
possible methodologies for data collection: ethnography, survey (or interview) and real time
experience tracking. And then sampling and data collection methods will be examined followed by
a description of data analysis. 3.2 Research approach selection:...show more content...
They are much cheaper than ethnography with a greater effectiveness, however, all of these
interviews or surveys were based on the retrospective data, respondents answered the questions by
their memory and the issue may happened for a long time. There could be a great influence on the
quality of data since the ability of respondent to recall information differed from one to another and
some incorrect information often occurred (Baker, 2003). The third approach considered in this
study is the real–time experience tracking developed by MESH planning. This is an approach to
record 360–degree touchpoints of brand by respondents in real time. There are three stages of data
collection. The first stage uses the pre–online questionnaire to collect information about brand health
and relationship quality. The third stage uses the same questions to ask respondents' perception
after brand encounters in order to identify any change. While the second stage for data collection
is the most crucial process in the approach. Respondents are asked to send SMS message to report
any brand encounter via mobile phones. And the online diary also helped to expand these
experiences (Willis et al 2010). Meanwhile, for identifying the CIs, weekly questionnaire will be
sent to respondents about the CIs happened in the past week. The approach offers a holistic view to
track customer experience as well as identifying critical incidences. The real–time tracking approach
enabled to identify a

Methodology and Procedure
METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE
This paper will discuss the method of research to be used, the respondents of the study, the sampling
technique, the instrument to be used, the validation of the instrument, the administration of the
instrument and the statistical treatment of the data that will be gathered.
Method of Research to be used
According to Swetnam (2000) "Writing Your Dissertation" How To Books, research falls into two
basic styles, "objective" and "subjective". Objective approaches are concerned with the physical
characteristics and the external world, universally applicable rules and laws, tested through
hypothesis, experiment and survey. Subjective approaches deal with the created social lives of
groups and individuals through...show more content...
The respondents of the study were selected personnel of Dunlop Hiflex Ltd. The personnel selected
for the study were so selected because of their direct involvement with the original lean
manufacturing change programme. The respondents were all members of the various lean
implementation teams. They were multi–skilled and also possessed specialist knowledge in areas
such as Kaizen, Customer Services, Production Control, Maintenance and Human Resources. A full
respondent portfolio can be seen at appendix D. The Kaizen engineers that were involved in the
original lean implementation programme were trained formally in the tools and techniques of
kaizen, and had previous experience working within World Class Organisations such as Unipart
Industries.
The secondary sources of data would come from published articles, social science journals, theses
and related studies on lean manufacturing and continuous improvement programmes.
For this research design, the researcher would gather data, collate published studies from different
local and foreign universities and articles from social science journals, distribute sampling
questionnaires; arrange interviews; and make a content analysis of the collected documentary and
verbal material. Upon completion of this process, the researcher would summarise all the
information, make conclusions based on the researched data and

Methodology Approach ( Combination ) Essay
Methodology Approach (combination):
1.Case Study:This study will utilize a methodology more commonly called the mixed–method
approach and will include the application of the "Case Study" technique. Planning and design fields
heavily rely on the knowledge developed through individual case studies being cumulatively
converted into prescriptive theories and paradigms. This technique is appropriate in that the process
provides the means for quantitative comparative analysis with other airport sites, while also
employing the qualitative collection from data instruments, which will gather firsthand knowledge
of airport development, socio–demographic data, and land–use / spatial distribution growth. The
focus on case studies or "best practices" is to understand the development process, including various
planning, design and implementation stages involved in creating airport aerotropolis development.
With that, some case study literature comes from sources other than peer–reviewed literature such as
from projects, developers, city, or organizational websites / documents / news and although this is
normal, this material will be researched thoroughly to assure data reliability and accuracy. Airport
aerotropolis development(s) at national and global airports will be analyzed in respect to the
economic clustering impact on–site and on the spatial layout in the urban proximity areas.
2.Qualitative Research / Interviews: Qualitative data / questionnaires / interviews with

Project Management Approach / Methodology Essay
Project Management Methodologies
MedDev is looking to streamline their resource planning across various departments in order to
support their global growth and cut costs. In order to achieve this business objective, they are
undertaking ERP Implementation as a Key project which involves largest investment MedDev has
ever done as a single project. Thus success of this project is of prime importance to them.
In order to achieve their business objective, project management and the used methodology are key
factor which will be responsible for the success or failure of this project.
Types of Methodologies
In General, there are 2 broad approaches applied to manage projects
1)Traditional Project Management Approach / Methodology
2)Modern Project Management Approach / Methodology
Both these approaches have their own pros and cons and both are widely used across the globe and
across industries. There are many factors that need to analyse before choosing which approach is
most suitable for your project needs and objectives. These factors are following but not limited to
a)Complexity of the project
b)Stability of the requirements
c)Amount of expected changes as the project progresses
d)Do we want process driven or people driven focus
e)Involvement of stakeholders
f)Previous lessons learnt with similar implementation
Recommended Methodology – Factors
Based on MedDev environment and business objective, the recommended approach is to use
Modern Approach. The recommendation is

Essay on A Methodology to Teaching Writing
A Methodology to Teaching Writing
I believe that achieving success in teaching very different aspects of life may still combine similar
processes. My life in high school was very similar to the lives of many other students in that it
revolved around two things: sports and school. My sport of choice was tennis and my favorite
academic area was English. Unexpectedly, I found many similarities led to a successful
performance in both areas. My understanding of the need for a good program to follow and a lot
of practice with it led to success in both tennis and my academic performance (especially English).
Upon becoming a recognized player in my area, I decided to take the skill that I knew better than any
other and utilize it as a...show more content...
Thus the assignment should be a specific topic but not necessarily a specific format, and the teacher
should be very encouraging and clear that students need not worry about grading quite yet.
Students should feel free to get ideas down on paper. For instance, the teacher can write a couple
pages about the memory of their favorite vacation, and read it to the class. Given that model
provided by the teacher, students can do the same (if they have never had a vacation they may
select their favorite or most sentimental place to go). A couple of pages may provide a basis for
what level the student is currently performing at.
Now that I have given the first tennis lesson, I can assess the player's fundamental skills and
apparent grasp of my instructions. Every strength that has been shown at this early stage should be
commented on. The player should be proud of what they have essentially done instinctively well.
Then I carry out only very general improvements as the lesson continues: "bend your knees, step
forward as you swing, remember to keep your wrist straight". (These suggestions may seem specific
but are really very general for tennis). Each time something is done correctly it should be positively
reinforced. The next step in writing should be similar. The teacher reads the pieces privately and
focuses on strengths and general content improvements rather than specific grammatical issues.
What is the key point of this story about family vacation?

The Four Types Of Methodological Approaches
3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction Previous chapter describes the methodological approaches used to
arrive at the aims and objectives of this study. This chapter is divided into seven parts. The first part
explains the research philosophy used in this survey outlining the philosophical foundation that
guided this research. The second part describes the research approach and the research strategy. The
third part illustrates the instruments used in this study. The forth part describes the sampling
strategy used in this section. The fifth part outlines the data collection approaches used in the
research. The sixth part explains the approach used in conducting data analysis. The remaining parts
explain the measures taken to ensure reliability of data collected and the ethical considerations that
were taken during the study. As a whole, this chapter provides an overview into how the research
was approached and executed. 3.2 Research Philosophy .Knowledge and arguments in particular are
developed based on a person's individualised view of the environments and activities within it.
According to Flower (2009), it is these individualised views that constitute what is referred to as
research philosophy. Basically, research philosophy is the approach taken in construction of
knowledge and by extension research. According to Saunders et al. (2009), there are three main
types of research philosophy namely: interpretivism, positivism and realism. In this particular study
an interpretivist

Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction Methodology is a scientific and systematic approach for
relevant information on a specific topic. Suitable and correct usage of methodologies determines the
consistency of success of any research. Bryman (2008) and Ethridge (2004) suggest that
methodology used in conducting a research ascertains the objectives of the research. The collection
of data, structuring and analyzing the results or findings needs proper usage of techniques and
methodology. This chapter illustrates the objective, required approach, philosophy and strategies
used to construct the findings and conclusions made from the study. Considering the importance of
the research these steps have been adopted that will also show understandings and reasons of
selecting that particular method. The type of the research is case study based. The case study
provides a vehicle through which several qualitative methods can be combined, thereby avoiding to
great reliance on one single approach (Bryman and Bell, 2012). 3.2 Objectives Primarily, this
research concentrates on improving the cycle time of the production of Exide batteries and thereby
reducing the production costs. Specifically, the three main objectives are, To determine the cycle
time of assembly line number 4 in the plant Provide solutions to reduce long cycle time Improve the
quality of production of batteries produced 3.2.1 Research Approach Problem of optimization is
mostly seen in production industry. A case

Essay Methodology

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