This document discusses best practices in asset management for water and wastewater utilities. It notes that America's water infrastructure is aging, with some pipes dating back to the Civil War and an average of 240,000 main breaks per year. The costs of failures, including repair costs and damage, are high. Adopting asset management strategies can help utilities reduce the consequences of failures by improving information usability - ensuring content is accurate and available. This includes validating asset locations, statuses, and network connections. It can also improve asset usability by addressing non-functional valves. These practices can lower the duration and footprint of failures, minimizing costs and impacts on customers.
Flash floods are caused by heavy rainfall over a small area and can rise rapidly, giving little warning. Effective early warning systems detect intense rainfall, forecast flash flooding risks, and quickly disseminate warnings. They require hydrometeorological monitoring networks like rain gauges, weather radar, and satellites; forecasting systems; and communication systems. Decision support systems help by processing real-time data, identifying thresholds exceeded, and creating warning products for dissemination. Successful systems also include emergency planning and preparedness.
WATER LEAKAGE ON A WORLD RECORD-LOW IN DENMARK AND THE NETHERLANDSwle-ss
The document summarizes a presentation by Cor Merks on water leakage in Denmark and the Netherlands. Some key points:
1. Both countries have achieved world record-low levels of water leakage, with Infrastructure Leakage Index values below 1.0 for most Danish utilities and between 0.5-0.8 for a Dutch utility example.
2. Their success is built on inspired teams, state-of-the-art leakage management tools, a foundation of pressure management, and a focus on quality throughout the water system.
3. Danish and Dutch utilities also benefit from favorable topography, a heritage of sustainable practices, and infrastructure maintained in excellent condition over decades through selective replacement programs.
The document discusses the elements and process for developing a Long Term Control Plan (LTCP) to control Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) in Toledo, Ohio. An LTCP identifies projects and costs to control CSO discharges as required by a consent decree. It outlines Toledo's current CSO conditions, the steps in an LTCP including public participation, and decisions that must be made regarding control methods, levels of control, and priorities for implementation.
The document summarizes options for a long term combined sewer overflow control plan for the Ottawa River area. Several control alternatives were considered that involve storage, treatment, or separation of sewers. Input from the public meeting will help select the preferred alternative based on siting locations, treatment technologies, level of control, and cost. The final plan aims to reduce overflow frequency, volume, and pollutants discharged to improve water quality in the river.
This document provides information about water loss, its types and effects. It discusses physical and non-physical water losses, techniques for detecting and locating leaks, and methods for preventing and managing water loss. The presentation outline covers water loss, waste of water and prevention, leakages, leak detection, and water management. It defines water loss and its major causes such as poor infrastructure and aging pipes. Non-physical losses include unregistered use and illegal connections. Leakage effects include consumer inconvenience and infrastructure damage. Leak detection techniques discussed include sub-dividing areas, step testing, leak localization using acoustic methods, and sounding surveys. The document also discusses leak location and water loss management methods like pressure management and rehabilitation.
DSD-INT 2019 Lake Eutrophication Modelling with Delft3D Suite, Wuhan City, Ch...Deltares
Presentation by Qingtao Liao, Ewaters Shanghai Ltd, China, at the Delft3D - User Days (Day 4: Water quality and ecology), during Delft Software Days - Edition 2019. Thursday, 14 November 2019, Delft.
IRJET- Flood Alerting System through Water Level MeterIRJET Journal
This document describes a flood alerting system that uses sensors to measure water levels in rivers and lakes. A micro-model is designed using a programmable electronic board connected to electrical resistances placed at different heights in a water container. When the water level reaches a resistance, the sensor transmits the information via WiFi to computers and smartphones so users can see the water level. The system aims to provide timely information to residents in low-lying areas about changes in water levels and predict safe water levels to save lives during floods. Experimental tests of the micro-model produced acceptable results.
2.2. unipa vincenza notaro - management of apparent lossesmalshafey
This document summarizes a presentation given by Vincenza Notaro at the 2nd AQUAKNIGHT Conference in Aqaba, Jordan on May 21, 2014. The presentation discusses apparent losses, which are non-physical water losses that occur when water reaches customers but is not accurately measured or recorded. Specific topics covered include unauthorized consumption, meter reading and billing errors, meter under-registration, and the influence of user storage tanks and low flow rates. Strategies are presented for reducing apparent losses, including improving meter accuracy, data management systems, and implementing optimal meter replacement strategies.
Flash floods are caused by heavy rainfall over a small area and can rise rapidly, giving little warning. Effective early warning systems detect intense rainfall, forecast flash flooding risks, and quickly disseminate warnings. They require hydrometeorological monitoring networks like rain gauges, weather radar, and satellites; forecasting systems; and communication systems. Decision support systems help by processing real-time data, identifying thresholds exceeded, and creating warning products for dissemination. Successful systems also include emergency planning and preparedness.
WATER LEAKAGE ON A WORLD RECORD-LOW IN DENMARK AND THE NETHERLANDSwle-ss
The document summarizes a presentation by Cor Merks on water leakage in Denmark and the Netherlands. Some key points:
1. Both countries have achieved world record-low levels of water leakage, with Infrastructure Leakage Index values below 1.0 for most Danish utilities and between 0.5-0.8 for a Dutch utility example.
2. Their success is built on inspired teams, state-of-the-art leakage management tools, a foundation of pressure management, and a focus on quality throughout the water system.
3. Danish and Dutch utilities also benefit from favorable topography, a heritage of sustainable practices, and infrastructure maintained in excellent condition over decades through selective replacement programs.
The document discusses the elements and process for developing a Long Term Control Plan (LTCP) to control Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) in Toledo, Ohio. An LTCP identifies projects and costs to control CSO discharges as required by a consent decree. It outlines Toledo's current CSO conditions, the steps in an LTCP including public participation, and decisions that must be made regarding control methods, levels of control, and priorities for implementation.
The document summarizes options for a long term combined sewer overflow control plan for the Ottawa River area. Several control alternatives were considered that involve storage, treatment, or separation of sewers. Input from the public meeting will help select the preferred alternative based on siting locations, treatment technologies, level of control, and cost. The final plan aims to reduce overflow frequency, volume, and pollutants discharged to improve water quality in the river.
This document provides information about water loss, its types and effects. It discusses physical and non-physical water losses, techniques for detecting and locating leaks, and methods for preventing and managing water loss. The presentation outline covers water loss, waste of water and prevention, leakages, leak detection, and water management. It defines water loss and its major causes such as poor infrastructure and aging pipes. Non-physical losses include unregistered use and illegal connections. Leakage effects include consumer inconvenience and infrastructure damage. Leak detection techniques discussed include sub-dividing areas, step testing, leak localization using acoustic methods, and sounding surveys. The document also discusses leak location and water loss management methods like pressure management and rehabilitation.
DSD-INT 2019 Lake Eutrophication Modelling with Delft3D Suite, Wuhan City, Ch...Deltares
Presentation by Qingtao Liao, Ewaters Shanghai Ltd, China, at the Delft3D - User Days (Day 4: Water quality and ecology), during Delft Software Days - Edition 2019. Thursday, 14 November 2019, Delft.
IRJET- Flood Alerting System through Water Level MeterIRJET Journal
This document describes a flood alerting system that uses sensors to measure water levels in rivers and lakes. A micro-model is designed using a programmable electronic board connected to electrical resistances placed at different heights in a water container. When the water level reaches a resistance, the sensor transmits the information via WiFi to computers and smartphones so users can see the water level. The system aims to provide timely information to residents in low-lying areas about changes in water levels and predict safe water levels to save lives during floods. Experimental tests of the micro-model produced acceptable results.
2.2. unipa vincenza notaro - management of apparent lossesmalshafey
This document summarizes a presentation given by Vincenza Notaro at the 2nd AQUAKNIGHT Conference in Aqaba, Jordan on May 21, 2014. The presentation discusses apparent losses, which are non-physical water losses that occur when water reaches customers but is not accurately measured or recorded. Specific topics covered include unauthorized consumption, meter reading and billing errors, meter under-registration, and the influence of user storage tanks and low flow rates. Strategies are presented for reducing apparent losses, including improving meter accuracy, data management systems, and implementing optimal meter replacement strategies.
This document discusses methods for estimating wastewater and stormwater quantities for sewer system design. It defines key terms like sewage, sewer, and sewerage. It describes the components of wastewater engineering like collection, disposal, and treatment systems. It discusses different sewer systems like separate, combined, and partially separated. Methods for estimating sanitary sewage include considering population, water supply rate, and a peaking factor. Stormwater is estimated using the Rational Method or empirical formulas considering rainfall intensity, runoff coefficient, and catchment area. The document provides examples to calculate runoff coefficient, design discharge, and stormwater quantity.
Here are the key points about Rain Bird's Fixed Arc Spray Nozzles Performance Line Up:
- Rain Bird offers Matched Precipitation Rate (MPR) spray nozzles that can mix various arcs and radii on the same spray circuit, delivering more consistent coverage and watering.
- Their 5000/5000 Plus rotors come with MPR nozzles that deliver matched precipitation rates within and between rotor radii from 25' to 35', applying 0.60 inch/hour for quarter, one-third, half and full arcs.
- This allows for more efficient watering compared to standard fixed arc nozzles that cannot match precipitation rates between different arcs.
Estimating sewage discharge and peak drainage dischargeAnkit Gola
This document discusses methods for estimating sewage discharge and drainage/runoff. It explains that sewage is estimated based on water supplied plus additions from other sources and minus subtractions. Drainage is estimated using factors like rainfall intensity, duration, soil moisture, and catchment area. The Rational Method and empirical formulas like Dickens are presented to calculate peak runoff rates based on these factors and the imperviousness of surfaces. An example application of the Rational Method to a 36 hectare district with maximum 5 cm/hr rainfall is also provided.
Automated Water Management and Distribution System using DTMFijtsrd
Water shortage is a genuine issue in major cities. One of the foremost critical viewpoints of any town administration includes water management. It may be a pivotal perspective as nowadays water assets are exceptionally constrained and nobody can bear its wastage. This project deals with approximate mechanization within the water conveyance and administration with specialized advances. In this system, water volume will be detected by the water level sensor. As the water volume drops the motor is automatically turned on. The supply of water to diverse regions computerized through the utilize of DTMF. Different Solenoid valves are controlled by using the microcontroller for the conveyance of water. Motor speed is controlled with respect to tank water level. This extends deals around the versatile controlled water dispersion totally different zones and conveyance of water. Vinayak Badiger "Automated Water Management and Distribution System using DTMF" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31183.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31183/automated-water-management-and-distribution-system-using-dtmf/vinayak-badiger
This document provides information about a presentation on vacuum plumbing systems and their benefits for water conservation. It begins with instructions for presenters and includes information on the speaker, the course details for continuing education credits, and an approved promotional statement. The bulk of the document then discusses how vacuum plumbing systems can significantly reduce water usage compared to traditional gravity plumbing systems, saving thousands of gallons of water annually. It provides details on how vacuum plumbing works, its certifications, applications in different building types, and its components to collect, convey and store waste before disposal.
DESIGN A HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE USING THE RAINFALL INTENSITY- DURATION- FREQUENC...IAEME Publication
A hydrologic analysis is an essential prerequisite for any project, is used to the evaluation of the watershed area for a stream and is used to determine the design discharge or the amount of runoff the culvert should be designed to convey. In this paper the relationship between the intensity duration-
and frequency of rainfall are used to obtain the value of discharge to design a pipe culvert for Najaf station in Iraq, from the relationship between Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, the values of intensity for 10, 100 years return periods with 15, 30, and 60 min. durations are obtained and discharge values are obtained from multiplied the catchment area for Najaf station by the values of intensity for obtaining.
Preparation for Depressurization:How to Survive a Major Water Main BreakDan Barr
1) A 16-inch water transmission main supplying 70% of the City of Delaware's water broke on December 28, 2006, causing water pressure to drop rapidly across large portions of the city.
2) City and contractor response included isolating the break, making emergency connections, notifying residents, and using a calibrated water model to evaluate system impacts and guide response decisions.
3) Lessons learned included the need for more elevated storage, additional main lines, improved quality control of utility locate tickets, and continued use of calibrated models to reinforce system resilience prior to potential breaks.
This document provides guidance on operating and maintaining standard rain gauges (SRG), autographic rain gauges (ARG), and tipping bucket rain gauges (TBR) used to measure rainfall.
For SRGs, daily rainfall is measured manually at 08:30 by emptying the receiver bottle into a measure glass. Routine maintenance includes cleaning the funnel and checking for leaks. ARGs provide a continuous chart record of hourly rainfall. Charts are changed daily and rainfall values are tabulated from the removed chart. Routine ARG maintenance includes refilling the ink pen and winding the clock. TBRs electronically record rainfall in set intervals as the bucket tips. Routine TBR maintenance checks the tipping mechanism and
This document provides guidance on standard operating procedures for taking measurements and routine maintenance of instruments at a Full Climatic Station. It describes the procedures for measuring variables such as wind speed and direction using an anemometer and wind vane, rainfall using standard rain gauges, autographic rain gauges and tipping bucket rain gauges, temperature using thermometers and therographs, humidity using wet and dry bulb thermometers and hygrographs, evaporation using an open pan evaporimeter, solar radiation using a sunshine recorder, and atmospheric pressure using a barograph. The document stresses the importance of following standard procedures to obtain high quality hydro-meteorological data and maintaining instruments regularly.
This document provides guidance on standard rainfall measurement procedures using a Standard Rain Gauge (SRG) and routine maintenance of the SRG. It discusses:
1. Measurement of rainfall using the SRG involves collecting rainfall in a bottle, pouring it into a measure glass, and recording the reading in mm to one decimal place daily at 0830 hrs.
2. Routine maintenance of the SRG includes inspecting and clearing any blockages in the funnel, checking for and repairing any leaks, ensuring the collector is securely locked to the base, keeping the gauge and enclosure locked and clean.
3. Daily rainfall observations are recorded on a field data form and sent daily to the controlling office, with 0.
This document provides guidance on river stage observation for staff gauges, autographic chart recorders, and digital water level recorders. It outlines procedures for taking manual staff gauge readings hourly or multiple times per day, checking and maintaining chart recorders daily, and routinely downloading and checking digital recorders against staff gauges. The goal is to ensure uniform and high-quality hydrological data collection through consistent field procedures.
This document provides guidance on field inspections and audits of hydrometric stations. It recommends that inspections be conducted regularly, with higher frequency for key stations, to ensure quality data collection. Inspections check equipment, observation procedures, station logs, and involve independent measurements. Station logs should record all data, actions, and observations at manned and unmanned sites. They provide an important quality control record. The document provides an example log sheet format to standardize collection of key station information like instrument details, gauge readings, and inspection notes.
This document presents the development of a tank overflow detector product. It aims to address the problem of monitoring water tank levels safely by eliminating the need for physical inspection on rooftops. The product will use an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino controller to detect the water level and send alerts to prevent overflow. Diagrams and analyses are provided covering the morphological chart, components, PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, FMEA, QFD and TRIZ methods to design and evaluate the tank overflow detector.
This document provides guidance on network design and site selection for hydro-meteorological stations. It discusses the steps for network optimization which include reviewing existing networks, identifying data needs, prioritizing objectives, determining required network density, and cost estimation. Site selection considerations are also outlined, including technical, environmental, logistical, security, legal and financial aspects. Key factors for siting stations include exposure conditions, wind protection, level ground, and integrating with other monitoring networks.
DSD-INT 2015 - The river basin explorer – Marieke Fennema, Witteveen+Bos, Cla...Deltares
The document describes the River Basin Explorer, a modelling tool used for river basin planning in Turkey. It consists of several modules:
1. RIBASIM, a hydrological model that calculates water flows. It was used to provide input to the WFD Explorer.
2. The WFD Explorer, which models water quality, emissions from different sources, and retention. It was calibrated using monitoring data.
3. An ecological module using a neural network model (PUNN) to predict ecological quality based on key factors for different water types defined by experts. Knowledge rules were developed and implemented in the WFD Explorer.
The results were presented to stakeholders to explain how the models can help determine water
The document discusses a canal network flow monitoring system (CNFMS) being developed as part of the ClimaAdapt project at the Water And Land Management Training and Research Institute (WALAMTARI) to monitor canal flows. The CNFMS uses sensors and software to automatically collect gauge readings with minimal human intervention, increasing accuracy and efficiency. Various sensor types are described, including ultrasonic, radar, and pressure sensors. Implementation of the CNFMS involves sensor development, software development, operation and maintenance of the system, and decision support tools to analyze and visualize the water level and flow data.
The document discusses options for a long term combined sewer overflow control plan for the Maumee River and Swan Creek areas. It provides an overview of existing overflow frequencies and volumes. Several control alternatives are presented involving storage, treatment, and separation. Input is sought from the public on aspects of the alternatives like site selection, preferred technologies, acceptable overflow frequencies, and costs. A final alternative will be selected to reduce overflows and improve water quality while considering public input and costs.
The document discusses a hydrologic monitoring system assessment being conducted to help a World Bank borrower develop technical specifications for tendering a hydrologic monitoring project. It reviews common hydrologic measurement methods and requests information from the borrower on measurement sites and parameters to fully design the monitoring system. The goal is to produce clear specifications that will lead to more competitive bidding and a cost-effective, sustainable hydrologic monitoring system.
1) The document provides guidance on conducting float gauge measurements of river discharge, including selecting cylindrical wooden float types, preparing the measurement reach, taking observational readings, and computing discharge results.
2) Key steps include surveying cross sections at the upstream and downstream ends of the reach, dividing the cross sections into segments of equal width, releasing floats sequentially to measure travel time through the reach, and using travel times and pre-computed segment areas to calculate segment and total discharges.
3) Computation involves determining surface and mean velocities from float travel times, looking up segment areas from pre-surveyed cross sections, calculating segment discharges as the product of area and velocity, and summing segments to determine total discharge.
Raju Kommarajula successfully completed the Coursera course "R Programming" offered by Johns Hopkins University with distinction. The course covered programming in R for effective data analysis, including reading data into R, accessing packages, writing functions, debugging code, and organizing code. It was taught by Roger D. Peng, Jeffrey Leek, and Brian Caffo of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Haiku Deck is a presentation tool that allows users to create Haiku style slideshows. The tool encourages users to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations which can be shared on SlideShare. In just a few sentences, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create visually engaging slideshows.
This document discusses methods for estimating wastewater and stormwater quantities for sewer system design. It defines key terms like sewage, sewer, and sewerage. It describes the components of wastewater engineering like collection, disposal, and treatment systems. It discusses different sewer systems like separate, combined, and partially separated. Methods for estimating sanitary sewage include considering population, water supply rate, and a peaking factor. Stormwater is estimated using the Rational Method or empirical formulas considering rainfall intensity, runoff coefficient, and catchment area. The document provides examples to calculate runoff coefficient, design discharge, and stormwater quantity.
Here are the key points about Rain Bird's Fixed Arc Spray Nozzles Performance Line Up:
- Rain Bird offers Matched Precipitation Rate (MPR) spray nozzles that can mix various arcs and radii on the same spray circuit, delivering more consistent coverage and watering.
- Their 5000/5000 Plus rotors come with MPR nozzles that deliver matched precipitation rates within and between rotor radii from 25' to 35', applying 0.60 inch/hour for quarter, one-third, half and full arcs.
- This allows for more efficient watering compared to standard fixed arc nozzles that cannot match precipitation rates between different arcs.
Estimating sewage discharge and peak drainage dischargeAnkit Gola
This document discusses methods for estimating sewage discharge and drainage/runoff. It explains that sewage is estimated based on water supplied plus additions from other sources and minus subtractions. Drainage is estimated using factors like rainfall intensity, duration, soil moisture, and catchment area. The Rational Method and empirical formulas like Dickens are presented to calculate peak runoff rates based on these factors and the imperviousness of surfaces. An example application of the Rational Method to a 36 hectare district with maximum 5 cm/hr rainfall is also provided.
Automated Water Management and Distribution System using DTMFijtsrd
Water shortage is a genuine issue in major cities. One of the foremost critical viewpoints of any town administration includes water management. It may be a pivotal perspective as nowadays water assets are exceptionally constrained and nobody can bear its wastage. This project deals with approximate mechanization within the water conveyance and administration with specialized advances. In this system, water volume will be detected by the water level sensor. As the water volume drops the motor is automatically turned on. The supply of water to diverse regions computerized through the utilize of DTMF. Different Solenoid valves are controlled by using the microcontroller for the conveyance of water. Motor speed is controlled with respect to tank water level. This extends deals around the versatile controlled water dispersion totally different zones and conveyance of water. Vinayak Badiger "Automated Water Management and Distribution System using DTMF" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31183.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31183/automated-water-management-and-distribution-system-using-dtmf/vinayak-badiger
This document provides information about a presentation on vacuum plumbing systems and their benefits for water conservation. It begins with instructions for presenters and includes information on the speaker, the course details for continuing education credits, and an approved promotional statement. The bulk of the document then discusses how vacuum plumbing systems can significantly reduce water usage compared to traditional gravity plumbing systems, saving thousands of gallons of water annually. It provides details on how vacuum plumbing works, its certifications, applications in different building types, and its components to collect, convey and store waste before disposal.
DESIGN A HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE USING THE RAINFALL INTENSITY- DURATION- FREQUENC...IAEME Publication
A hydrologic analysis is an essential prerequisite for any project, is used to the evaluation of the watershed area for a stream and is used to determine the design discharge or the amount of runoff the culvert should be designed to convey. In this paper the relationship between the intensity duration-
and frequency of rainfall are used to obtain the value of discharge to design a pipe culvert for Najaf station in Iraq, from the relationship between Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, the values of intensity for 10, 100 years return periods with 15, 30, and 60 min. durations are obtained and discharge values are obtained from multiplied the catchment area for Najaf station by the values of intensity for obtaining.
Preparation for Depressurization:How to Survive a Major Water Main BreakDan Barr
1) A 16-inch water transmission main supplying 70% of the City of Delaware's water broke on December 28, 2006, causing water pressure to drop rapidly across large portions of the city.
2) City and contractor response included isolating the break, making emergency connections, notifying residents, and using a calibrated water model to evaluate system impacts and guide response decisions.
3) Lessons learned included the need for more elevated storage, additional main lines, improved quality control of utility locate tickets, and continued use of calibrated models to reinforce system resilience prior to potential breaks.
This document provides guidance on operating and maintaining standard rain gauges (SRG), autographic rain gauges (ARG), and tipping bucket rain gauges (TBR) used to measure rainfall.
For SRGs, daily rainfall is measured manually at 08:30 by emptying the receiver bottle into a measure glass. Routine maintenance includes cleaning the funnel and checking for leaks. ARGs provide a continuous chart record of hourly rainfall. Charts are changed daily and rainfall values are tabulated from the removed chart. Routine ARG maintenance includes refilling the ink pen and winding the clock. TBRs electronically record rainfall in set intervals as the bucket tips. Routine TBR maintenance checks the tipping mechanism and
This document provides guidance on standard operating procedures for taking measurements and routine maintenance of instruments at a Full Climatic Station. It describes the procedures for measuring variables such as wind speed and direction using an anemometer and wind vane, rainfall using standard rain gauges, autographic rain gauges and tipping bucket rain gauges, temperature using thermometers and therographs, humidity using wet and dry bulb thermometers and hygrographs, evaporation using an open pan evaporimeter, solar radiation using a sunshine recorder, and atmospheric pressure using a barograph. The document stresses the importance of following standard procedures to obtain high quality hydro-meteorological data and maintaining instruments regularly.
This document provides guidance on standard rainfall measurement procedures using a Standard Rain Gauge (SRG) and routine maintenance of the SRG. It discusses:
1. Measurement of rainfall using the SRG involves collecting rainfall in a bottle, pouring it into a measure glass, and recording the reading in mm to one decimal place daily at 0830 hrs.
2. Routine maintenance of the SRG includes inspecting and clearing any blockages in the funnel, checking for and repairing any leaks, ensuring the collector is securely locked to the base, keeping the gauge and enclosure locked and clean.
3. Daily rainfall observations are recorded on a field data form and sent daily to the controlling office, with 0.
This document provides guidance on river stage observation for staff gauges, autographic chart recorders, and digital water level recorders. It outlines procedures for taking manual staff gauge readings hourly or multiple times per day, checking and maintaining chart recorders daily, and routinely downloading and checking digital recorders against staff gauges. The goal is to ensure uniform and high-quality hydrological data collection through consistent field procedures.
This document provides guidance on field inspections and audits of hydrometric stations. It recommends that inspections be conducted regularly, with higher frequency for key stations, to ensure quality data collection. Inspections check equipment, observation procedures, station logs, and involve independent measurements. Station logs should record all data, actions, and observations at manned and unmanned sites. They provide an important quality control record. The document provides an example log sheet format to standardize collection of key station information like instrument details, gauge readings, and inspection notes.
This document presents the development of a tank overflow detector product. It aims to address the problem of monitoring water tank levels safely by eliminating the need for physical inspection on rooftops. The product will use an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino controller to detect the water level and send alerts to prevent overflow. Diagrams and analyses are provided covering the morphological chart, components, PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, FMEA, QFD and TRIZ methods to design and evaluate the tank overflow detector.
This document provides guidance on network design and site selection for hydro-meteorological stations. It discusses the steps for network optimization which include reviewing existing networks, identifying data needs, prioritizing objectives, determining required network density, and cost estimation. Site selection considerations are also outlined, including technical, environmental, logistical, security, legal and financial aspects. Key factors for siting stations include exposure conditions, wind protection, level ground, and integrating with other monitoring networks.
DSD-INT 2015 - The river basin explorer – Marieke Fennema, Witteveen+Bos, Cla...Deltares
The document describes the River Basin Explorer, a modelling tool used for river basin planning in Turkey. It consists of several modules:
1. RIBASIM, a hydrological model that calculates water flows. It was used to provide input to the WFD Explorer.
2. The WFD Explorer, which models water quality, emissions from different sources, and retention. It was calibrated using monitoring data.
3. An ecological module using a neural network model (PUNN) to predict ecological quality based on key factors for different water types defined by experts. Knowledge rules were developed and implemented in the WFD Explorer.
The results were presented to stakeholders to explain how the models can help determine water
The document discusses a canal network flow monitoring system (CNFMS) being developed as part of the ClimaAdapt project at the Water And Land Management Training and Research Institute (WALAMTARI) to monitor canal flows. The CNFMS uses sensors and software to automatically collect gauge readings with minimal human intervention, increasing accuracy and efficiency. Various sensor types are described, including ultrasonic, radar, and pressure sensors. Implementation of the CNFMS involves sensor development, software development, operation and maintenance of the system, and decision support tools to analyze and visualize the water level and flow data.
The document discusses options for a long term combined sewer overflow control plan for the Maumee River and Swan Creek areas. It provides an overview of existing overflow frequencies and volumes. Several control alternatives are presented involving storage, treatment, and separation. Input is sought from the public on aspects of the alternatives like site selection, preferred technologies, acceptable overflow frequencies, and costs. A final alternative will be selected to reduce overflows and improve water quality while considering public input and costs.
The document discusses a hydrologic monitoring system assessment being conducted to help a World Bank borrower develop technical specifications for tendering a hydrologic monitoring project. It reviews common hydrologic measurement methods and requests information from the borrower on measurement sites and parameters to fully design the monitoring system. The goal is to produce clear specifications that will lead to more competitive bidding and a cost-effective, sustainable hydrologic monitoring system.
1) The document provides guidance on conducting float gauge measurements of river discharge, including selecting cylindrical wooden float types, preparing the measurement reach, taking observational readings, and computing discharge results.
2) Key steps include surveying cross sections at the upstream and downstream ends of the reach, dividing the cross sections into segments of equal width, releasing floats sequentially to measure travel time through the reach, and using travel times and pre-computed segment areas to calculate segment and total discharges.
3) Computation involves determining surface and mean velocities from float travel times, looking up segment areas from pre-surveyed cross sections, calculating segment discharges as the product of area and velocity, and summing segments to determine total discharge.
Raju Kommarajula successfully completed the Coursera course "R Programming" offered by Johns Hopkins University with distinction. The course covered programming in R for effective data analysis, including reading data into R, accessing packages, writing functions, debugging code, and organizing code. It was taught by Roger D. Peng, Jeffrey Leek, and Brian Caffo of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Haiku Deck is a presentation tool that allows users to create Haiku style slideshows. The tool encourages users to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations which can be shared on SlideShare. In just a few sentences, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create visually engaging slideshows.
افضل شركة عزل مائي وحراري بالرياض ونقدم افضل الخدمات المنزلية التي تختص بالعزل الحراري والعزل الفوم بالرياض لدينا جميع انواعخدمات التنظيف المنزلية بادروا بالاتصال بنا
This document provides information about quantity survey services offered in Pontianak. The services include preparation of bills of quantities, employer's requirements, and other tender documentation for design-build, drawing and specification, and traditional procurement methods. The department is led by chartered quantity surveyors experienced in computer-assisted bill production. Bills of quantities are provided according to construction industry standards and can be provided in print or electronic format via email. Contact details are provided for more information.
Jannathul Birthouse is seeking a job to enhance her knowledge and skills. She has a B.E. in ECE from Government College of Engineering in Tirunelveli with 84.2% marks. Her areas of interest include C language, logic gates, and Boolean expression simplification. She completed a project on an RFID door lock. Her technical skills include programming in C, C++, Java, and HTML. She has received several prizes for her academic and extracurricular achievements like presentations, exams, and competitions. Her hobbies include singing, glass painting, and tile painting.
Contents
Introduction
Features
Comparison
Design concept
Components
Types of precast system
Design consideration
Equipments
Assembling
scheduling
Advantages
Limitations
Conclusion
references
THIS PRESENTATION ON PRECAST MODULAR STRUCTURES IS MADE SPECIALLY FOR EVERYONE TO KNOW THE CONCEPT OF PRECAST MODULAR STRUCTURES RELATED TO ENGINEERING........
SO HAVE A NICE READING GUYS.
This document summarizes a study on using real-time monitoring and control to optimize irrigation of a green roof. Sensors monitored water levels and flow, with control valves adjusting irrigation based on forecasts and levels. Over 6 months, controlled irrigation reduced runoff by 25% and water usage by 4% compared to uncontrolled scenarios. Further improvements could include soil moisture monitoring and controlled outlets to improve drawdown and storage capacity for stormwater management. Real-time control shows potential for optimizing green infrastructure and advanced rainwater harvesting systems.
Intermittent Water Supplies – An International Update by Richard Taylor, Tho...INFRAMANAGE.COM
The document summarizes a presentation on intermittent water supplies from an international conference. It discusses the causes of intermittent supply, including aging infrastructure, high demand, water scarcity from climate change, and poor management. This can create a vicious cycle of more leaks and pipe failures. The presentation recommends strategies for utilities experiencing intermittent supply such as sectorizing their network to identify high leak areas, renewing poor pipes, monitoring flows and pressures, actively detecting and fixing leaks, and ultimately achieving 24/7 water supply to improve services and management. Moving to a continuous supply provides benefits like better water quality, reduced costs, and increased revenues.
This document provides energy saving tips for irrigators. It discusses recommended irrigation system installations, how utilities charge for electricity used for irrigation, common causes of wasted energy, and hardware improvements that can save energy. Specifically, it recommends installing pumps, motors, pipes and valves in a way that minimizes friction losses to increase efficiency. It also explains that utilities typically charge irrigators a base rate, an energy charge based on kilowatt-hours used, and sometimes a demand charge based on the system's maximum power usage. Common sources of wasted energy include a lack of maintenance allowing issues like plugged screens or worn parts, running pumps longer than needed to water crops, and using improperly sized equipment.
Integrated urban water management experiences from ethekweni municipality s...Global Water Partnership
The document discusses integrated urban water management in Ethekweni Municipality, South Africa. It outlines key principles of integrated urban water management including considering the collective impact of water processes on issues like health, environment and stakeholder satisfaction. It then provides an overview of Ethekweni Municipality, describing its population, infrastructure, challenges and opportunities. Specific integrated urban water management strategies being implemented are then discussed, including non-revenue water reduction programs, water reuse initiatives, and exploring renewable energy options.
The document describes a senior design project to create a sustainable pump and irrigation system for a community garden. It addresses the problems of relying on fossil fuels and long transportation for water and produce. The project goals are to design a non-electric pump and irrigation network using gravity and rainwater capture. Multiple pump designs are considered including wind, hydraulic ram, and spiral coil pumps. An irrigation system using drip lines and calculations for emitter spacing and flow rates is also presented. The design aims to be economically and environmentally sustainable with no ongoing energy costs.
This document provides details of a senior design project to create a sustainable pump and irrigation system for a community garden. It addresses the problems of the current faulty pump system and lack of irrigation network. The project goals are to design a non-electric pump and irrigation system that effectively pumps available water. The design will include a rainwater capture system, irrigation network using drip lines, and a coil pump design. Equations and costs are analyzed. The timeline outlines completing the design by the end of the semester.
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN WATER LOSS MANAGEMENT AND NRW REDUCTIONiQHub
This document discusses water loss management strategies and challenges. It provides the following key points:
1) The World Bank estimates annual physical water losses in developing countries at 32 billion cubic meters, costing $3 billion. Reducing losses by half could supply 90 million more people.
2) Common challenges for utilities include not knowing the extent and location of leaks, integrating data from multiple sources, and prioritizing leak detection and repair activities.
3) A successful water loss management program follows a lifecycle approach including monitoring, detection, intervention, performance measurement, planning and investment. Key steps involve identifying leaks, prioritizing zones for repair, supervising repair work, and ongoing monitoring of network performance.
This document summarizes a presentation about new green infrastructure rules in New Jersey. The presentation discusses key changes to rules regarding stormwater management, including new definitions of green infrastructure, major development, and regulated surfaces. It outlines requirements for using green infrastructure best management practices to meet water quality, recharge and quantity standards. The presentation also addresses interim implementation activities until the new rules take effect in 2021 and training available from the NJDEP. The purpose is to help developers understand and navigate the new requirements.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on operation and maintenance of water supply systems. It discusses key issues in water supply O&M globally and locally. It then covers O&M of various components of water supply systems including water resources, conveyance systems, water treatment plants, distribution pipelines, service reservoirs, and quality maintenance. Other topics covered include billing and collection, energy and water audits, leakage control, system management, and public private partnerships.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on operation and maintenance of water supply systems. It discusses key issues in water supply operations globally and locally. It then covers various aspects of managing water resources, conveyance systems, water treatment plants, distribution pipelines, service reservoirs, water quality monitoring, billing and collections, energy and water audits, leakage control, system management, and public-private partnerships. The presentation structure includes slides on global water scenarios, emerging water shortages, objectives of operational systems, and maintenance of different components of water supply systems.
The document provides an overview of the key topics to be covered in a presentation on operation and maintenance of water supply systems. It begins with highlighting global water challenges and then defines operation and maintenance. It outlines objectives of operational systems and management. It discusses operation and maintenance of various components of water supply systems including water resources, conveyance systems, water treatment plants, service reservoirs, distribution pipelines, and water quality surveillance. It also covers topics like billing and collection, energy and water audits, leakage control, system management, and public private partnerships. The document provides the structure and includes details on the content to be covered under each topic.
GJ Conference Valve Exercise FINAL - RHDavid Bries
The city of Montrose outsourced their valve exercising program to Wachs Water Services due to staffing limitations. In 2014 and 2015, Wachs assessed over 1,100 valves in Montrose's system. They found issues like valves being closed, frozen, or inaccessible due to debris or inaccurate maps. As a result of the program, the percentage of operable valves increased significantly. The program is helping Montrose prioritize repairs, have better information on their assets, respond more quickly to issues, and reduce costs from pipe failures. Montrose sees the value in continuing the valve exercising program through outsourcing to ensure their system remains operational and reliable.
This document provides a summary of a project update meeting for the Upper Malletts Creek Stormwater Conveyance Study from September 30, 2013. It discusses the project recommendations that were presented, including modeling results and alternative solutions. Key areas that were analyzed include Eisenhower Park, Pioneer High School, and Lawton Park. Next steps included preparing a final report and presentation to the Ann Arbor City Council.
Low impact development (LID) techniques aim to manage stormwater close to its source through practices like bioretention and permeable pavements. The presentation discusses LID manuals and projects in Jacksonville including recreational LID demonstrations at parks and a Valens Drive retrofit. Hydrologic modeling shows LID increases local water tables and runoff capture. Potential benefits include reduced flooding, better water quality and lower infrastructure costs. The City plans to monitor the Valens Drive project and expand LID coverage.
This document provides information on designing a drip irrigation system. It discusses the general information required, including the water source, crops, topography, soil texture and climate. It outlines the steps to design the system, which include determining the number of emitters and drippers, pipe diameters and capacities, and selecting filters, fertilizer applicators and the pumping unit. Design considerations include irrigation requirements, selecting emitters, determining the system capacity, length of main, sub-main and lateral lines. It also evaluates the hydraulic performance factors like uniformity coefficient, distribution efficiency and application efficiency at different operating pressures.
Modeling Water Demand in Droughts (in England & Wales)Ben Anderson
This document describes an agent-based microsimulation model for estimating domestic water demand under drought conditions in the UK. The model simulates individual households and factors that influence water usage, such as household attributes, appliances, practices, pricing, and drought interventions. Preliminary results show that including drought responses can reduce total water demand by 5% compared to not including responses. Further development of the model will add more influencing factors and link it to drought forecasts to better estimate future water demand scenarios.
This document summarizes a senior design project to design a sustainable pump and irrigation system for a community garden. The project aims to address issues with the current faulty pump system and lack of irrigation. The design includes a non-electric spiral coil pump powered by a nearby creek, a rainwater collection and storage system, and a drip irrigation network. Equations and calculations are shown for determining water needs, pump specifications, irrigation design, and structural components. The final design meets the goals of providing a mechanical pump and irrigation system while focusing on sustainability through rainwater capture and use of renewable energy from the creek.
Similar to Esri water_wastewater SIG Charleston, SC 10-16-2014 - Wachs Water v3 (20)
Esri water_wastewater SIG Charleston, SC 10-16-2014 - Wachs Water v3
1. Best Practices in Asset Management:
The Power of Information in the Palm of your Hand
Esri Water/Wastewater SIG
Charleston, SouthCarolina
October16,2014
2. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
America’s Infrastructure is Failing
• One Million Miles of Water
Mains are in place – U.S.
• Some pipes date back to
the Civil War era
• 240K Main Breaks per Year
• ~700/day
• Break Clock
3. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
America’s Infrastructure is Failing
• Average – 1 Break / 4 miles
• Currently Replacing Pipe -
½% per Year (200 yr plan)
• The need will double from
roughly $13 billion a year
today to almost $30 billion
(in 2010 dollars) annually
by the 2040s
• 7 Billion Gallons Lost Each
Day (ASCE)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Facts and Figures
• Approximately 175,000 Gallons Per Minute Flowing
• More than 4 feet deep in some residential areas.
Areas submerged
in up to 4 feet of
water .
Hundreds of emergency services
employees deployed.
6,000 homes impacted
Flooding / No Water
9. Mid-Atlantic
December 23, 2008
• 66” Main Break
• 150K gal / minute
• Three Rescued by
Helicopter
• Cause: Incorrect
Installation
10. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Data from Kansas City, MO
Avg Cost to Repair a Major Water Main Break
– $6,000
– Pipe Only
Location Pipe Street Restoration
Ward Parkway $3,000 $90,000
Holmes Rd $3,600 $130,000
Wornall Rd $322 $245,000
KCTV5 Investigates: Water Main Woe$
Posted: Feb 09, 2012 6:39 PM CST Updated: Aug 31, 2012 12:24 PM CDT
12. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Risk
Likelihood of
Failure
Consequence of
Failure
• Age
• Material
• Service history
• Economic
• Environmental
• Social
Asset Management Controls Risks
14. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
hydrant
valve
service
Asset usability consequences:
• Duration: damaging flow and
actions to control the situation – 3
valves vs. 7 valves
• Footprint: more customers
out of service – 3 services vs. 17
services
break
How are the Consequences Managed?
15. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Labor & Equipment
Collateral Damage
Treated Water
Sum of Costs
Damage to private infrastructure
Traffic disruptions
Customer outages
Public health
Damage to public infrastructure
Utility Labor & Equipment
Contractor Labor & Equipment
Delay charges
Electricity
Chemicals
Raw water
Labor & Equipment
Collateral Damage
Treated Water
Sum of Costs
Damage to private infrastructure
Traffic disruptions
Customer outages
Public health
Damage to public infrastructure
Utility Labor & Equipment
Contractor Labor & Equipment
Delay charges
Electricity
Chemicals
Raw water
Minimizing the duration and footprint of
failures has a direct impact on minimizing
consequences and costs
Opportunity to Minimize Costs
17. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Shorten the time
(duration)
Make the impacted area smaller
(footprint)
How to manage the Consequence of Failure
19. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Is there meaningful content?
What Constitutes Information Usability?
Is it accurate?
Is it available?
Control: Information Usability
20. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Information Usability: Content
• What assets are represented in
the information system?
– All pipes, valves, meters, etc?
• What type of information is
documented for assets in the
system(s)?
– What’s the condition?
– What are the as-is operating
characteristics?
• Are the assets organized in a
logical network that can be called
upon to perform analyses?
21. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Example of Content Improvement
System Valve Feature class
GIS Attribute Example Value
Date Modified 5/12/2014
Last User WachsWater
Condition Date 5/10/2014
Condition Good
Clockwise To Close Indicator Left Turn
Turns To Open 27
Easting 3132793.383
Northing 13833419.48
GPS Positioned Yes
Operating Nut Depth 1
Torque Required 50
Current Position OPEN
Gate Orientation VERTICAL
Valve Use IN LINE
Structure BOX
Surface Cover ASPHALT
Lid Size ROADWAY
GPS Receiver GEOEXPLORER 6000 SERIES
GPS Date 5/10/2014
Notes None
Reason Inoperable NA
• 21 attributes being
updated weekly
(via replication)
• Over 175,000 data
elements updated
23. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Is there meaningful content?
What Constitutes Information Usability?
Is it accurate?
Is it available?
Control: Information Usability
24. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Green Lines: Unadjusted Geometry
Red Lines: Adjusted Geometry
Tee 30’
Valve 30’
Hydrant 13’
Valve 27’
Information Usability: Accuracy
25. ∆ = 15’
Average system valve search
area reduced by 99.6%:
7002 ft → 32 ft
Information Usability: Accuracy
26. Session 1 - MFS
Distance from GPS to Existing GIS
Frequency
43% of valves: ≥ 13ft – 5002 ft
25% of valves: ≥ 18ft – 1,0002 ft
3% of valves
≥ 40ft – 5,0002 ft
Information Usability: Accuracy
27. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
• Valve is connected to 3 pipe features
• Probably a tapping valve, needs to be
evaluated
Information Usability: Network Topology
28. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Research is needed to determine
if this is as designed or a GIS error
Information Usability: Network Topology
29. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Is there meaningful content?
What Constitutes Information Usability?
Is it accurate?
Is it available?
Control: Information Usability
31. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Can I find it?
What Constitutes Asset Usability?
Can I access it?
Can I fully close it?
Control: Asset Usability
33. 2 of 5 valves on
average are not
usable
60% is National
Average Usability
The Asset Itself
34. Reducing the Consequences of FailureReducing the Consequences of Failure1 in 4 valve structures
Asset Usability Example
35. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Duration: 7
valves
Footprint: 19 hydrants
Duration: 9 plat
cards
The Value of Control
36. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Duration: 2
Valves
Footprint: 19 hydrantsDuration: 1 GIS
The Value of Control
37. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Duration: 1 Valve Footprint: 4 hydrantsDuration: 1 GIS
High impact, low
cost repair, high
priority
The Value of Control
41. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Water RF (study 4369 – UIM Article 4/15/14)
“…having an asset management program in place
can play a key role in minimizing damage due to
infrastructure failure, particularly if the program
had a special focus on the valve management
program.
Knowing the exact location of each valve, whether
the position of the valve was open or closed and
having performed regular operability maintenance
of the valves, made it more likely that the utility’s
crew could quickly isolate the area of the break, and
thereby, minimize the amount of water discharged
and damage to surrounding properties.”
Video Link
42. Reducing the Consequences of Failure
Wachs Water Services
• Focuses on Reducing the Consequences of
Failure
• Asset Management / Condition Assessment
Programs
• Information is Key
• Information that’s content rich, accurate and
available to support decision making during
failure events
43. Session 1 - MFS
Best Practices in Asset Management:
The Power of Information in the Palm of your Hand
Ryan McKeon, VP Of Strategy & Technology
(443) 386 7531
rmckeon@wachsws.com
Editor's Notes
Here are just a few pictures to give a face to some of the things we spoke about….
Well we talked about increased duration (and therefore damage) related to main breaks… this can translate into damage to roads and other public infrastructure as we see here, or damage to private property as we see here
We talked about unintended outages and degraded water quality related to closed valves… this hydrant was opened in conjunction with the opening of a valve that had been closed for an unknown amount of time…. As you can see, the resultant dead-ends accumulated a significant amount of sediment
What we’re looking at here is a list compiled from a 2007 AWWA paper on the cost main breaks… and while the discussion of control is broader than main breaks, this is a good starting point when trying to understand the costs associated with a lack of control
We aren't going to go into each of these but as you can see, the list includes things you might expect
Like labor – for both internal and external resources
Collateral damage to parallel utilities
Lost revenue – the meters aren't spinning when there’s no water
And many, many others…
Probabilities of failure vs. consequences of failure….. briefly discuss our belief that the industry is largely missing an opportunity by singularly focusing on managing the probabilities of failure by replacing pipe…… too expensive and takes too long to have the most effective impact on managing the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) elements
Here’s an animation that illustrates the effect of unusable valves
If there was a main break, at this red “starburst” icon, the plan would be to close these three valves,
Let’s get to it….
Valve 1 closed
Valve closed
Everything is going well until I get to the last valve in the plan…. and I can’t find it… maybe its covered over in asphalt, but I don’t have time to pull out my metal detector and start searching so I move on….
Valve 4
Valve 5
Everything is going according to my “revised plan” until I get to what now is the 6th valve….. The roadway box is shifted and has moved off the center of the operating nut just enough that I can’t securely fit the valve key on securely…. I certainly don’t have time to dig down and realign the box and so once again, I back up….
And finally, by closing the seventh valve, I’m able to control the situation and turn the water off so the repair work can begin….
But by having to backup from what I thought was going to be 3 valves to 7, it took me twice as long
And now there are close to 20 customers out of service when there only should have been 3
And is this scenario, 5 of 7 control points were useable, which translates to just about 70% \– a good 10 points higher than the average
And so the opportunity is to increase control and in turn avoid these failures where we can and to minimize the footprint and duration of the failures that we can’t avoid – which will have a direct impact on reducing risk and minimizing costs
http://www.wachsws.com/tools/roi/
But there’s another chapter when we’re talking about achieving sustainable control…. Information Usability
These are the questions you need to ask yourself when evaluating how usable your information is an what the opportunities are for improvement
Content
It’s important to have relevant and meaningful information at the right time in one place….
Business systems should be capable of seamlessly answering pressing questions like: <click>
When was it evaluated last? <click>
Does it work? <click>
Is it open? <click> -
How many turns does it require to fully close it? <click>
How much torque does it require to close and how deep is it --- what tools will I need? <click>
These are typical operational questions but if valve is being tracked as closed in GIS or in the asset management system, the hydraulic model should have access to the information as well
But there’s another chapter when we’re talking about achieving sustainable control…. Information Usability
These are the questions you need to ask yourself when evaluating how usable your information is an what the opportunities are for improvement
But there’s another chapter when we’re talking about achieving sustainable control…. Information Usability
These are the questions you need to ask yourself when evaluating how usable your information is an what the opportunities are for improvement
And with the advent of simple-to-use web mapping API’s, GIS and non-GIS users alike are able to utilize advanced toolsets to make more informed decisions..
What we’re looking at here is an isolation simulation for a main break response…..
I can log in though a standard web browser, navigate to the area of interest and click on a pipe that needs to be shutdown
The GIS knows which valves work and which ones don’t and takes that into account when developing the response plan
And while isolation trace tools aren't new, their availability outside of heavy desktop software is becoming more and more common
If the GIS has accurate and meaningful information and it’s in an interoperable format, publishing tools like we’re seeing here can be implemented very cost-effectively
This information and analysis capability simply makes the system more controllable
What makes a valve useable?
If there answer to any of these questions is “no” it isn't useable
On average, where there isn't a proactive control point management strategy in place, about 40% of valves are unusable….
When people think about valves that don’t work, they typically jump to the valves that are corroded and broken – valves that have endured the mechanical effects of aging
And while these mechanical challenges exist, statistically speaking, they are dwarfed by accessibility problems
If someone needed to access this valve, they would most likely need a jackhammer to punch through this concrete curb…. and if they didn’t have the means to break through the curb, this just isn’t useable…
and in many instances valves simply end up “lost”….
They’re on the maps, they just can’t be readily found in the field – they may be poorly mapped, they may have been removed or they may have never been installed -- this is typically one of the biggest usability challenges we see
And here’s a few statistics we put together for an AWWA poster a couple of years ago that summarized the findings from hundreds of thousands of valve inspections from across the country – the good news is th`at improvements can be achieved (which in turn reduces risk) very cost effectively
Initial valve usability was found to be <30% -- less than 3 out of 10 valves could be used as they were to stop the flow of water
In order for a physical valve asset to be useable (be able to turn off water flow) the valve must be:
Locatable : you have to be able to find the right valve in a reasonable period of time
Accessible: once the right valve is found you must be able to access the operating nut on that specific valve
Operable: once the right valve is found and the operating nut is accessible you must be able to close and open the valve
In Atlanta , and like many other water systems throughout North America, the biggest challenge was accessibility….
About ~24% of all the valve structures (almost 1 in 4) were found covered over (mostly paved over) and needed to be uncovered and raised to grade