This document summarizes presentations from two sessions at the 2017 European Survey Research Association conference regarding encouraging survey participation through a "push-to-web" methodology. Key points discussed include the increasing but varied use of push-to-web designs, the importance of personalization and engagement across different contact modes, and priorities for further research such as optimal contact strategies and reducing burden when moving respondents online. Questions are also raised about pre-paid incentives, alternative modes, mobile phone surveys, and whether a single optimal push-to-web design may emerge.
Online surveys are a widely used and proven market research methodology. They provide benefits over traditional methods like phone and mail surveys by allowing respondents to complete surveys according to their own schedule via a non-intrusive medium. While response rates for online surveys tend to be lower than traditional methods, response rates vary significantly depending on the sample and can be improved through proper design, incentives, and data weighting. Experienced market research professionals are still important for ensuring high-quality online survey results.
The document describes a study that developed the Facebook Addiction Susceptibility Test (FAST), a paper and pencil self-administered test to measure susceptibility to addiction of online social networking sites among late adolescents. The study administered questionnaires to subjects in Manila that included scales measuring internet addiction and the FAST projective test using Facebook icons. Scores on the FAST and other tests were analyzed to establish the validity and reliability of the FAST as a tool for measuring susceptibility specifically to Facebook addiction.
A framework for understanding the process for gaining web survey respoonse us...Gerry Nicolaas
In this presentation, Gerry Nicolaas & Patten Smith provide a framework for understanding the process for gaining online response when using postal contact. A presentation given at the International Workshop on Household Survey Nonresponse, held in Utrecht 31 Aug-1 Sept 2017.
This document presents a framework for understanding how postal contact can be used to gain responses for web surveys. It identifies five key stages in the response process: being motivated to open the mailing, read it, take part in the survey, go online, and complete the questionnaire. Factors like personalization, multiple contact attempts, and device-agnostic design are proposed to positively impact response. Priorities for further research include how to get people to open mailings, what motivates participation, and reducing the effort to respond online. The document concludes by asking discussants for feedback on the identified research priorities and how best practices can be shared with survey agencies.
Nicolaas smith nat cen-city seminar oct 2017_v4_241017 Gerry Nicolaas
Push-to-web’ surveys use offline contact methods to encourage people to go online and complete a web questionnaire. This design may or may not offer alternative modes of data collection but, if so, only in subsequent contact attempts among web non-respondents. In this presentation, Gerry Nicolaas & Patten Smith review the development of this methodology in the UK and elsewhere, concluding with the challenges that still need to be addressed and require further research.
Accessing the Already Connected ConsumerRay Poynter
This session explores some of the developments that both the consumer landscape and the Market Research industry are undergoing to better pinpoint real consumer opinion.
Access the recording of this webinar via the NewMR website: NewMR.org/Play-Again
The session covers;
- Meeting consumers on their device and how researchers can leverage the relationship people have with their smartphones
- Engaging through modern survey design and how to communicate to achieve considered, valuable responses
- Connecting through social media channels and leveraging an environment where consumers are already active, such as WeChat (reported to be used by 98% of China’s online users)
- Creating conversation by using Artificial Intelligence to bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative approaches
- Applying Machine Learning to detect fraudulent activity and increase speed, capacity and the validity and consistency of data outputs
The audience will be left with understanding and examples that show, although there can be a lot of moving parts when integrating technology into survey research and connecting multiple audiences, by thinking about the already connected consumer you can find an easier path to simplifying and improving your data.
The speakers are:
- May Ling Tham (Director, Asia, Modern Survey Design, Kantar)
- Vivien Le Masson (Senior Director, Asia, Innovation & transformation, Kantar)
Moderation by NewMR co-founder, Ray Poynter.
This webinar was presented on 4 September 2019
The Ultimate Guide to Mobile Consumer ResearchRay Beharry
How to do better market research? Conduct mobile surveys. Reach your target audience on their turf. The ubiquity of cell phones has provided market researchers with unparalleled access to consumers, providing unmatched scale, reach, and affordability - without sacrificing quality of results. We provide the modern market researcher with a best practices approach to setting goals for research, audience targeting, survey design, and distribution, using a mobile-first mindset to capture valuable consumer opinion data. This provides an overview on mobile research for marketers, brand managers, product managers, market researchers, journalists, content writers, and startup founders/business owners/entrepreneurs.
Online surveys are a widely used and proven market research methodology. They provide benefits over traditional methods like phone and mail surveys by allowing respondents to complete surveys according to their own schedule via a non-intrusive medium. While response rates for online surveys tend to be lower than traditional methods, response rates vary significantly depending on the sample and can be improved through proper design, incentives, and data weighting. Experienced market research professionals are still important for ensuring high-quality online survey results.
The document describes a study that developed the Facebook Addiction Susceptibility Test (FAST), a paper and pencil self-administered test to measure susceptibility to addiction of online social networking sites among late adolescents. The study administered questionnaires to subjects in Manila that included scales measuring internet addiction and the FAST projective test using Facebook icons. Scores on the FAST and other tests were analyzed to establish the validity and reliability of the FAST as a tool for measuring susceptibility specifically to Facebook addiction.
A framework for understanding the process for gaining web survey respoonse us...Gerry Nicolaas
In this presentation, Gerry Nicolaas & Patten Smith provide a framework for understanding the process for gaining online response when using postal contact. A presentation given at the International Workshop on Household Survey Nonresponse, held in Utrecht 31 Aug-1 Sept 2017.
This document presents a framework for understanding how postal contact can be used to gain responses for web surveys. It identifies five key stages in the response process: being motivated to open the mailing, read it, take part in the survey, go online, and complete the questionnaire. Factors like personalization, multiple contact attempts, and device-agnostic design are proposed to positively impact response. Priorities for further research include how to get people to open mailings, what motivates participation, and reducing the effort to respond online. The document concludes by asking discussants for feedback on the identified research priorities and how best practices can be shared with survey agencies.
Nicolaas smith nat cen-city seminar oct 2017_v4_241017 Gerry Nicolaas
Push-to-web’ surveys use offline contact methods to encourage people to go online and complete a web questionnaire. This design may or may not offer alternative modes of data collection but, if so, only in subsequent contact attempts among web non-respondents. In this presentation, Gerry Nicolaas & Patten Smith review the development of this methodology in the UK and elsewhere, concluding with the challenges that still need to be addressed and require further research.
Accessing the Already Connected ConsumerRay Poynter
This session explores some of the developments that both the consumer landscape and the Market Research industry are undergoing to better pinpoint real consumer opinion.
Access the recording of this webinar via the NewMR website: NewMR.org/Play-Again
The session covers;
- Meeting consumers on their device and how researchers can leverage the relationship people have with their smartphones
- Engaging through modern survey design and how to communicate to achieve considered, valuable responses
- Connecting through social media channels and leveraging an environment where consumers are already active, such as WeChat (reported to be used by 98% of China’s online users)
- Creating conversation by using Artificial Intelligence to bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative approaches
- Applying Machine Learning to detect fraudulent activity and increase speed, capacity and the validity and consistency of data outputs
The audience will be left with understanding and examples that show, although there can be a lot of moving parts when integrating technology into survey research and connecting multiple audiences, by thinking about the already connected consumer you can find an easier path to simplifying and improving your data.
The speakers are:
- May Ling Tham (Director, Asia, Modern Survey Design, Kantar)
- Vivien Le Masson (Senior Director, Asia, Innovation & transformation, Kantar)
Moderation by NewMR co-founder, Ray Poynter.
This webinar was presented on 4 September 2019
The Ultimate Guide to Mobile Consumer ResearchRay Beharry
How to do better market research? Conduct mobile surveys. Reach your target audience on their turf. The ubiquity of cell phones has provided market researchers with unparalleled access to consumers, providing unmatched scale, reach, and affordability - without sacrificing quality of results. We provide the modern market researcher with a best practices approach to setting goals for research, audience targeting, survey design, and distribution, using a mobile-first mindset to capture valuable consumer opinion data. This provides an overview on mobile research for marketers, brand managers, product managers, market researchers, journalists, content writers, and startup founders/business owners/entrepreneurs.
Previous studies on the practice of asking questions on social networking sites have shown that most questions remain unanswered and that most of the replies, if any, are only from members of the questioner's neighborhood.
In this paper, we specifically consider the challenging task of solving a question posted on Twitter. The latter generally remains unanswered and most of the replies, if any, are only from members of the questioner's neighborhood. As outlined in previous work related to community Q\&A, we believe that question-answering is a collaborative process and that the relevant answer to a question post is an aggregation of answer nuggets posted by a group of relevant users. Thus, the problem of identifying the relevant answer turns into the problem of identifying the right group of users who would provide useful answers and would possibly be willing to collaborate together in the long-term. Accordingly, we present a novel method, called CRAQ, that is built on the collaboration paradigm and formulated as a group entropy optimization problem. To optimize the quality of the group, an information gain measure is used to select the most likely ``informative" users according to topical and collaboration likelihood predictive features. Crowd-based experiments performed on two crisis-related Twitter datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our collaborative-based answering approach.
The document proposes an internal communications plan for StopBullying.gov with the goals of distributing accurate information to target audiences, monitoring bullying in schools, and developing a strong network. It recommends a three-model approach with increasing responsibilities and budgets. Model 1 focuses on website development. Model 2 adds producing print materials and research. Model 3 further adds organizing conferences and workshops. Key audiences are educators, students, parents, and media. The plan details messaging, timelines, resources, funding, and evaluations for each model.
This document discusses online surveys. It covers the design of online surveys, types of online surveys including one-on-one interviews, focus groups, and open-ended questionnaires. It also discusses the advantages of online surveys such as low costs, automation of data handling, and increased response rates. The disadvantages include the absence of an interviewer, inability to reach all populations, and risk of survey fraud.
Research is an important step in preparing an advocacy campaign. Careful, objective research educates supporters about causes and effects of problems. The document discusses various research methods like surveys, interviews, focus groups, and secondary data collection. It also covers topics like sampling, designing survey questions, analyzing qualitative and quantitative data, and presenting research findings to different audiences.
Addressing the challenge of using web in cross-sectional surveys of the gener...Gerry Nicolaas
A presentation given at the WEBDATANET conference in Salamanca in 2015. This presentation summarises the findings of the NCRM-funded network GenPopWeb that explored the opportunities and challenges of using web in surveys of the general population.
This document provides guidance on conducting audience research in 6 steps: 1) Define research goals and questions; 2) Identify audience and sample size; 3) Determine research method (e.g. surveys, interviews); 4) Create clear and unbiased questions; 5) Distribute questions and recruit participants; 6) Analyze and summarize responses. The goal is to better understand audiences in order to inform an organization's communication strategy and content creation through audience profiles and personas.
There are many applications of social media outreach, and this session will look at its application to non-profit objectives such as public relations, constituency building, citizen engagement, health behavioral change campaign, or fundraising.
The workshop will comprise presentations with case studies, one paper-based exercise, and open question time. We wish to run a needs assessment before the workshop to ensure the workshop meets participants' expectations.
The workshop will provide participants with a brief overview of communication models, social media trends, and a bigger picture view on how social media has changed the rules of online engagement. It will help participants better appreciate social media, assess its pros and cons, and evaluate if their organization should use or expand the scope of their social media activities.
Topics will include background information on social media; how traditional (one-way) communication paradigms no longer work in interactive media; and how two-way communication models operate online.
A key focus will be to help organization evaluate the pros and cons of social media, and then assess if social media offers any benefits to their organization. Participants will be asked to assess how social media can advance their organization's mandate, whether it is a viable channel for their constituents, its pros and cons for their situation, and then to review other relevant assessment criteria. Midway through the workshop, participants will be invited to complete a paper-based form to help them assess if social media offers enough benefits for their organization to adopt or expand the scope of their social media outreach.
The remainder of the presentation will focus on practical guidance for organizations that wish to implement or expand the scope of their social media outreach. Topics covered will include reassessing organizational goals; researching constituents; starting an incremental approach to social media outreach; defining the scope of your social media activities; mainstreaming into institutions; daily operations; responding protocols; institutional policies; tools of the trade; and methods for prioritizing resource allocations.
LIB300 Week 1 communicating in today’s global business environmentDr. Russell Rodrigo
This document provides an overview of week 1 of a business communication course. It discusses key concepts like the definition of communication, why communication is important for careers and companies, and how global industries communicate nowadays using new technologies. The document outlines what employers expect from communication skills and reviews ethical guidelines and dilemmas. It also introduces various tools for collaborating, sharing information, and interacting with customers in today's digital business environment. For homework, students are asked to evaluate a sample of professional communication and present their analysis in class.
Importance of Research to Your Comms StrategyCharityComms
The document summarizes a seminar on creating effective communications strategies for charities. It discusses the importance of research and insight in developing communications strategies and outlines a process for conducting audience research, including identifying target audiences, determining research questions, conducting surveys, focus groups, and competitive analysis. It then provides a case study of how Play England conducted audience research and revised its digital strategy and website based on the findings.
Stakeholder engagement, communications or knowledge on working abroad – who cares? workshop
Communication stream, facilitated by Andrew Bell, Jayne James and Ann Pilkington
Thursday 16 November 2017
APM People Specific Interest Group (People SIG)
Recommendations for implementing social media for organizations. Presented by Rob Robinson, Director of Social Media at McNeely Pigott & Fox Public Relations.
The document discusses various research methods for a PR campaign project, including informal client presentations, in-depth interviews, and survey research. It provides guidance on conducting in-depth interviews, including tips for developing questions, common pitfalls to avoid in surveys, and best practices for identifying survey topics. Students are assigned to complete a first client report on background, SWOT analysis, and project scope by January 14th, with a final version due to the client on January 15th.
This document provides an overview of digital strategy and social media. It discusses the growing importance of social media, top social media channels and how to integrate social media into an organization's communications strategy. It also provides guidance on developing social media policies and principles for employee engagement on social media. Best practices from other organizations using social media effectively are also highlighted.
The presentation discussed best practices for survey design and administration including reducing errors, determining appropriate sample and methodology, question design, and response rates. Key points included understanding sources of error, choosing between web, phone, mail or mixed methods, and factors like question wording, order, and length that influence validity and responses. Following guidelines like Dillman's tailored design method aims to improve response rates through pre-notice, personalized contacts, and reminders. Average internet surveys have lower response than mail but faster response time.
Chapter 3, types & methods of communicationAlahdal73
This document discusses various methods of communication. It begins by defining communication as the transfer of information from one place to another or source to another. It then describes three main methods of communication:
1) Verbal communication which involves face-to-face communication using words and language.
2) Non-verbal communication which involves sending wordless messages through gestures, body language, facial expressions and eye contact.
3) Written communication which uses written symbols.
The document emphasizes that choosing the appropriate communication method is important and depends on factors like the intended audience, message, need for a record, time sensitivity, and cost. Effective communication requires understanding the audience and selecting methods that best suit the specific communication goals and
The postal survey is dead, long live the postal survey!Gerry Nicolaas
Results of an experiment that tested different features of the Tailored Design Method on the GP Patient Survey, including prenotification letter, postcard reminder, redesign of letters and shortened questionnaire. Presented at the ESRA 2015 conference in Reykjavik, Iceland.
ESRA 2015 postal survey is dead, long live the postal surveyGerry Nicolaas
Although much is known about maximising postal survey response rates, survey clients and practitioners would benefit from a better understanding of how to maximise response for a fixed budget. Some methods are less costly than others. We present the results of a large experiment designed to test the impact of four design features on response rates and cost, using a fully-crossed factorial design: pre-notification, postcard reminder, letter design, questionnaire length. We examine costs as well as response rates which allow us to explore the extent to which omitting one or more of these features could be a false economy.
The document discusses online marketing research and provides information on several topics:
- It describes how online marketing research can now be effectively used by small and medium-sized businesses, not just large corporations.
- It outlines different online data gathering techniques like email surveys, web-based surveys, and online focus groups.
- It discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of conducting internet surveys and online focus groups.
- It provides tips for designing effective online questionnaires and recruiting internet respondents.
What determines whether market research makes a difference for an organization? The difference is the approach. Strategic market research is an approach that makes a large impact on the companies that use it. In Strategic Market Research, author Anne Beall shares her unique approach for conducting market research. In addition to talking about qualitative as well as quantitative research, Strategic Market Research provides real-life examples of how these concepts have been applied in businesses and non-profit organizations. Implementing the strategic approach from the beginning to the end of a project provides information that inspires and changes organizations.
Previous studies on the practice of asking questions on social networking sites have shown that most questions remain unanswered and that most of the replies, if any, are only from members of the questioner's neighborhood.
In this paper, we specifically consider the challenging task of solving a question posted on Twitter. The latter generally remains unanswered and most of the replies, if any, are only from members of the questioner's neighborhood. As outlined in previous work related to community Q\&A, we believe that question-answering is a collaborative process and that the relevant answer to a question post is an aggregation of answer nuggets posted by a group of relevant users. Thus, the problem of identifying the relevant answer turns into the problem of identifying the right group of users who would provide useful answers and would possibly be willing to collaborate together in the long-term. Accordingly, we present a novel method, called CRAQ, that is built on the collaboration paradigm and formulated as a group entropy optimization problem. To optimize the quality of the group, an information gain measure is used to select the most likely ``informative" users according to topical and collaboration likelihood predictive features. Crowd-based experiments performed on two crisis-related Twitter datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our collaborative-based answering approach.
The document proposes an internal communications plan for StopBullying.gov with the goals of distributing accurate information to target audiences, monitoring bullying in schools, and developing a strong network. It recommends a three-model approach with increasing responsibilities and budgets. Model 1 focuses on website development. Model 2 adds producing print materials and research. Model 3 further adds organizing conferences and workshops. Key audiences are educators, students, parents, and media. The plan details messaging, timelines, resources, funding, and evaluations for each model.
This document discusses online surveys. It covers the design of online surveys, types of online surveys including one-on-one interviews, focus groups, and open-ended questionnaires. It also discusses the advantages of online surveys such as low costs, automation of data handling, and increased response rates. The disadvantages include the absence of an interviewer, inability to reach all populations, and risk of survey fraud.
Research is an important step in preparing an advocacy campaign. Careful, objective research educates supporters about causes and effects of problems. The document discusses various research methods like surveys, interviews, focus groups, and secondary data collection. It also covers topics like sampling, designing survey questions, analyzing qualitative and quantitative data, and presenting research findings to different audiences.
Addressing the challenge of using web in cross-sectional surveys of the gener...Gerry Nicolaas
A presentation given at the WEBDATANET conference in Salamanca in 2015. This presentation summarises the findings of the NCRM-funded network GenPopWeb that explored the opportunities and challenges of using web in surveys of the general population.
This document provides guidance on conducting audience research in 6 steps: 1) Define research goals and questions; 2) Identify audience and sample size; 3) Determine research method (e.g. surveys, interviews); 4) Create clear and unbiased questions; 5) Distribute questions and recruit participants; 6) Analyze and summarize responses. The goal is to better understand audiences in order to inform an organization's communication strategy and content creation through audience profiles and personas.
There are many applications of social media outreach, and this session will look at its application to non-profit objectives such as public relations, constituency building, citizen engagement, health behavioral change campaign, or fundraising.
The workshop will comprise presentations with case studies, one paper-based exercise, and open question time. We wish to run a needs assessment before the workshop to ensure the workshop meets participants' expectations.
The workshop will provide participants with a brief overview of communication models, social media trends, and a bigger picture view on how social media has changed the rules of online engagement. It will help participants better appreciate social media, assess its pros and cons, and evaluate if their organization should use or expand the scope of their social media activities.
Topics will include background information on social media; how traditional (one-way) communication paradigms no longer work in interactive media; and how two-way communication models operate online.
A key focus will be to help organization evaluate the pros and cons of social media, and then assess if social media offers any benefits to their organization. Participants will be asked to assess how social media can advance their organization's mandate, whether it is a viable channel for their constituents, its pros and cons for their situation, and then to review other relevant assessment criteria. Midway through the workshop, participants will be invited to complete a paper-based form to help them assess if social media offers enough benefits for their organization to adopt or expand the scope of their social media outreach.
The remainder of the presentation will focus on practical guidance for organizations that wish to implement or expand the scope of their social media outreach. Topics covered will include reassessing organizational goals; researching constituents; starting an incremental approach to social media outreach; defining the scope of your social media activities; mainstreaming into institutions; daily operations; responding protocols; institutional policies; tools of the trade; and methods for prioritizing resource allocations.
LIB300 Week 1 communicating in today’s global business environmentDr. Russell Rodrigo
This document provides an overview of week 1 of a business communication course. It discusses key concepts like the definition of communication, why communication is important for careers and companies, and how global industries communicate nowadays using new technologies. The document outlines what employers expect from communication skills and reviews ethical guidelines and dilemmas. It also introduces various tools for collaborating, sharing information, and interacting with customers in today's digital business environment. For homework, students are asked to evaluate a sample of professional communication and present their analysis in class.
Importance of Research to Your Comms StrategyCharityComms
The document summarizes a seminar on creating effective communications strategies for charities. It discusses the importance of research and insight in developing communications strategies and outlines a process for conducting audience research, including identifying target audiences, determining research questions, conducting surveys, focus groups, and competitive analysis. It then provides a case study of how Play England conducted audience research and revised its digital strategy and website based on the findings.
Stakeholder engagement, communications or knowledge on working abroad – who cares? workshop
Communication stream, facilitated by Andrew Bell, Jayne James and Ann Pilkington
Thursday 16 November 2017
APM People Specific Interest Group (People SIG)
Recommendations for implementing social media for organizations. Presented by Rob Robinson, Director of Social Media at McNeely Pigott & Fox Public Relations.
The document discusses various research methods for a PR campaign project, including informal client presentations, in-depth interviews, and survey research. It provides guidance on conducting in-depth interviews, including tips for developing questions, common pitfalls to avoid in surveys, and best practices for identifying survey topics. Students are assigned to complete a first client report on background, SWOT analysis, and project scope by January 14th, with a final version due to the client on January 15th.
This document provides an overview of digital strategy and social media. It discusses the growing importance of social media, top social media channels and how to integrate social media into an organization's communications strategy. It also provides guidance on developing social media policies and principles for employee engagement on social media. Best practices from other organizations using social media effectively are also highlighted.
The presentation discussed best practices for survey design and administration including reducing errors, determining appropriate sample and methodology, question design, and response rates. Key points included understanding sources of error, choosing between web, phone, mail or mixed methods, and factors like question wording, order, and length that influence validity and responses. Following guidelines like Dillman's tailored design method aims to improve response rates through pre-notice, personalized contacts, and reminders. Average internet surveys have lower response than mail but faster response time.
Chapter 3, types & methods of communicationAlahdal73
This document discusses various methods of communication. It begins by defining communication as the transfer of information from one place to another or source to another. It then describes three main methods of communication:
1) Verbal communication which involves face-to-face communication using words and language.
2) Non-verbal communication which involves sending wordless messages through gestures, body language, facial expressions and eye contact.
3) Written communication which uses written symbols.
The document emphasizes that choosing the appropriate communication method is important and depends on factors like the intended audience, message, need for a record, time sensitivity, and cost. Effective communication requires understanding the audience and selecting methods that best suit the specific communication goals and
The postal survey is dead, long live the postal survey!Gerry Nicolaas
Results of an experiment that tested different features of the Tailored Design Method on the GP Patient Survey, including prenotification letter, postcard reminder, redesign of letters and shortened questionnaire. Presented at the ESRA 2015 conference in Reykjavik, Iceland.
ESRA 2015 postal survey is dead, long live the postal surveyGerry Nicolaas
Although much is known about maximising postal survey response rates, survey clients and practitioners would benefit from a better understanding of how to maximise response for a fixed budget. Some methods are less costly than others. We present the results of a large experiment designed to test the impact of four design features on response rates and cost, using a fully-crossed factorial design: pre-notification, postcard reminder, letter design, questionnaire length. We examine costs as well as response rates which allow us to explore the extent to which omitting one or more of these features could be a false economy.
The document discusses online marketing research and provides information on several topics:
- It describes how online marketing research can now be effectively used by small and medium-sized businesses, not just large corporations.
- It outlines different online data gathering techniques like email surveys, web-based surveys, and online focus groups.
- It discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of conducting internet surveys and online focus groups.
- It provides tips for designing effective online questionnaires and recruiting internet respondents.
What determines whether market research makes a difference for an organization? The difference is the approach. Strategic market research is an approach that makes a large impact on the companies that use it. In Strategic Market Research, author Anne Beall shares her unique approach for conducting market research. In addition to talking about qualitative as well as quantitative research, Strategic Market Research provides real-life examples of how these concepts have been applied in businesses and non-profit organizations. Implementing the strategic approach from the beginning to the end of a project provides information that inspires and changes organizations.
Similar to ESRA 2017 How to encourage people to go online when using a different contact mode (20)
We are pleased to share with you the latest VCOSA statistical report on the cotton and yarn industry for the month of March 2024.
Starting from January 2024, the full weekly and monthly reports will only be available for free to VCOSA members. To access the complete weekly report with figures, charts, and detailed analysis of the cotton fiber market in the past week, interested parties are kindly requested to contact VCOSA to subscribe to the newsletter.
06-20-2024-AI Camp Meetup-Unstructured Data and Vector DatabasesTimothy Spann
Tech Talk: Unstructured Data and Vector Databases
Speaker: Tim Spann (Zilliz)
Abstract: In this session, I will discuss the unstructured data and the world of vector databases, we will see how they different from traditional databases. In which cases you need one and in which you probably don’t. I will also go over Similarity Search, where do you get vectors from and an example of a Vector Database Architecture. Wrapping up with an overview of Milvus.
Introduction
Unstructured data, vector databases, traditional databases, similarity search
Vectors
Where, What, How, Why Vectors? We’ll cover a Vector Database Architecture
Introducing Milvus
What drives Milvus' Emergence as the most widely adopted vector database
Hi Unstructured Data Friends!
I hope this video had all the unstructured data processing, AI and Vector Database demo you needed for now. If not, there’s a ton more linked below.
My source code is available here
https://github.com/tspannhw/
Let me know in the comments if you liked what you saw, how I can improve and what should I show next? Thanks, hope to see you soon at a Meetup in Princeton, Philadelphia, New York City or here in the Youtube Matrix.
Get Milvused!
https://milvus.io/
Read my Newsletter every week!
https://github.com/tspannhw/FLiPStackWeekly/blob/main/141-10June2024.md
For more cool Unstructured Data, AI and Vector Database videos check out the Milvus vector database videos here
https://www.youtube.com/@MilvusVectorDatabase/videos
Unstructured Data Meetups -
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
https://lu.ma/calendar/manage/cal-VNT79trvj0jS8S7
https://www.meetup.com/pro/unstructureddata/
https://zilliz.com/community/unstructured-data-meetup
https://zilliz.com/event
Twitter/X: https://x.com/milvusio https://x.com/paasdev
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zilliz/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/timothyspann/
GitHub: https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus https://github.com/tspannhw
Invitation to join Discord: https://discord.com/invite/FjCMmaJng6
Blogs: https://milvusio.medium.com/ https://www.opensourcevectordb.cloud/ https://medium.com/@tspann
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/events/301383476/?slug=unstructured-data-meetup-new-york&eventId=301383476
https://www.aicamp.ai/event/eventdetails/W2024062014
2. 2Document Name Here | Month 2016 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION)
Presentations
Session 1
1. Dr Don Dillman - The worldwide increase in use of web-push
methods that start with a mail contact; what have we learned
and where might we be going?
2. Dr Robert Neumann - Push2web or less is more? Experimental
evidence from a mixed-mode population survey at the
community level in Germany.
3. Sophie Nickson - Transformed respondent engagement
strategy; an overview of the research at ONS to develop
respondent materials.
4. Andrew Phelps - Quantitative testing of the most effective
advance communication strategies for a mixed mode (including
online) UK Labour Force Survey.
5. Patrice Mathieu - The 2016 Canadian Census: An Innovative
Wave Collection Methodology to Maximize Self-Response and
Internet Response.
Session 2
1. Dr Gudbjorg Andrea Jonsdottir - Pushing to web in the
ISSP
2. Dr Mónica Méndez - Notes from a Push2web(+mail)
survey: the ISSP 2014 Citizenship survey in Spain
3. Alice Fitzpatrick - Address-based Online Surveying
(ABOS): The impact of design features on response
4. Evangelia Kartsounidou - Pushing from telephone to
web: a low-cost and effective way to conduct national
election studies
3. 3Document Name Here | Month 2016 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION)
Some emerging themes
Increasing use of
push-to-web survey designs
No single
magic bulletHighly variable
response rates
Mainly postal contact
but also telephone
4. 4Document Name Here | Month 2016 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION)
A framework for understanding response
to a push-to-web survey
Different stages of gaining cooperation
Participant perspective
Survey design features that can be manipulated
5. 5Document Name Here | Month 2016 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION)
Focusing on
postal contact
6. 6Document Name Here | Month 2016 | Version 1 | Public | Internal Use Only | Confidential | Strictly Confidential (DELETE CLASSIFICATION)
Maximising push-to-web response rates
Motivated to
read the
mailing
Motivated to
go online
Motivated to
take part in
survey
Motivated to
open the
mailing
Motivated to
complete
questionnaire
Personalisation
Type of mailing;
e.g. envelope with
letter, postcard
Appearance of
mailing before
opening; e.g. logo
Personalisation
Easy to read; e.g.
length, font,
vocabulary
Appearance; e.g.
important,
professional
Clarity about the
purpose of the
mailing
Clarity about the
survey request
Use persuasive
reasons for taking
part
Clear instructions
for logging into
the questionnaire
Minimal effort
needed to enter
login details
Multiple access
methods; e.g. any
internet-enabled
device
Use multiple mailings:
• An optimum number of mailings
• An optimum length of time between mailings
• A diverse and yet coherent package of multiple mailings
Landing page
looks authentic
with clear
instructions
Design for mobile;
e.g. short, reduce
clutter and text
Avoid question
types that are
prone to break-
offs
Reduce cognitive
burden
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What about
telephone contact?
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Maximising push-to-web response rates
Motivated to
engage with tel
interviewer
Motivated to
read email
& go online
Motivated to
take part
& give email
Motivated to
pick up phone
Motivated to
complete
questionnaire
Landing page
looks authentic
with clear
instructions
Design for mobile;
e.g. short, reduce
clutter and text
Avoid question
types that are
prone to break-
offs
Reduce cognitive
burden
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Maximising push-to-web response rates
Motivated to
engage with tel
interviewer
Motivated to
read email
& go online
Motivated to
take part
& give email
Motivated to
pick up phone
Time of calling Personalisation
Maintaining
contact
Tailoring
Clarity about the
purpose of the
contact
Clarity about the
survey request
Use persuasive
reasons for taking
part
Email is
recognised as
genuine
Clear instructions
& easy to start
questionnaire
Multiple access
methods; e.g. any
internet-enabled
device
Multiple contact attempts:
• An optimum number & mix of phone calls & emails
• An optimum timing of phone calls & emails
• Refusal conversion
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Fairly confident that the following has
a positive impact on P2W response
Personalisation
Engagement
– Tailoring & maintaining interaction with phone contact
– Multiple and varied contact attempts with postal contact
Communication style, complexity, length
Use of incentives
Reduce break-offs by avoiding the use of complex
question formats & cognitively difficult questions
Device-agnostic
Offer alternative mode to web non-respondents
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Some doubt/uncertainty about
The type of incentives
The type and look of the mailings
Visual design of mailing content
The optimal package of multiple contact attempts
– Number of contact attempts, interval between contact
attempts, strategic approach to persuasive messaging,
mix of contact modes
How to reduce the effort of moving from offline
mode to online mode, particularly when relying on
postal contact
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Suggested priorities for further research
Address-based samples
– How to encourage people to open the envelope when we don’t have a name?
– How to select respondent(s)?
Postal contact:
– What is the optimal strategy of multiple contacts?
– How to reduce the burden of moving from postal contact
to online questionnaire?
Sequential phone and email contact:
– How to encourage people by phone to provide email address?
– How to encourage people to open and read the email?
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Questions for discussion
Pre-paid versus conditional incentives?
Alternative mode for web non-respondents
– Is it necessary for reducing non-response bias?
– For all or some web non-respondents?
Is mobile RDD+SMS an option in the near future?
Are we converging to a single optimal push-to-web design?
– Internet access will become (almost) universal
– Digital communication is becoming the norm for public & private services
– BUT the availability of sampling frames & contact information continues to vary by country
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Thank you.
Editor's Notes
All postal except session 2 presentation 1 (various tests with p2w including some use of tel), and session 2 presentation 4 (RDD).
Strongly influenced by TDM approach; overlap with postal methods but the additional step of moving from letter to online.
The framework describes the response process temporally from the participant’s perspective, moving from opening and reading the postal contact, to understanding what is being requested and being persuaded to take part in the survey, to making the extra step from being persuaded by the postal contact to actually go online, and finally to making the effort to complete the web questionnaire. It presents an overview of survey design features at each of these stages which can be manipulated to improve response.
Adapted the framework for telephone –
Once contact is made, the tel interviewer has to quickly convince the listener that this is not a sales call but a genuine request to take part in something that is worth their time & effort – as for f2f, it is important to maintain contact and tailor the communication
Need to persuade them to provide an email address or provide login details over the phone which is prone to recording error
Although collecting email addresses over the phone can be problematic, once you have the email address you can send email invites with a direct link to the questionnaire which overcomes the barrier of moving from offline mode to online mode
Emails are often not opened and read – special attention for the subject heading and the sender’s address
Making telephone contact – the need to make multiple calls on different days, at different times
But if you have collected email addresses, then we are moving from a single offline contact mode to a sequential mixed contact modes and as demonstrated by Don Dillman using more than one mode of contact is better – need to use a mix of multiple telephone and email contacts, possibly going back to telephone contact to convert non-respondents
This framework for telephone & the previous one for postal can be used to identify what we already know about maximising online response rates
Adapted the framework for telephone –
Once contact is made, the tel interviewer has to quickly convince the listener that this is not a sales call but a genuine request to take part in something that is worth their time & effort – as for f2f, it is important to maintain contact and tailor the communication
Need to persuade them to provide an email address or provide login details over the phone which is prone to recording error
Although collecting email addresses over the phone can be problematic, once you have the email address you can send email invites with a direct link to the questionnaire which overcomes the barrier of moving from offline mode to online mode
Emails are often not opened and read – special attention for the subject heading and the sender’s address
Making telephone contact – the need to make multiple calls on different days, at different times
But if you have collected email addresses, then we are moving from a single offline contact mode to a sequential mixed contact modes and as demonstrated by Don Dillman using more than one mode of contact is better – need to use a mix of multiple telephone and email contacts, possibly going back to telephone contact to convert non-respondents
This framework for telephone & the previous one for postal can be used to identify what we already know about maximising online response rates
Ample evidence on positive impact of personalisation
Multiple & varied contact attempts:
Telephone contact – multiple calls at different times of the day and on different days of the week will increase the likelihood of making contact, additional calls for refusal conversion
If using phone contact, then tailoring and maintaining interaction are important
Postal contact – cooperation increases with the number of contacts, this is more effective when subsequent contact attempts look and feel different
Communication style, complexity & length: e.g. old Peter Lynn study showed that short informal letter was better than long formal letter; but Dillman would argue that it should still look professional (evidence?). Perhaps more evidence needed on visual design/look (see next slide).
Incentives – ample evidence; unconditional is better than conditional, monetary is better than non-monetary, response increases with the value but with diminishing returns; BUT unconditional incentives can be prohibitively expensive if the online response rate is relatively low; AND delivery of conditional incentives online can be cumbersome (in some countries when offering a choice of retailers)
Complex question formats will result in higher levels of break-off- e.g. traditional grids, ranking
Cognitively difficult questions will result in higher levels of break-off- e.g. recall of non-salient events over a long period, computations, reliance on looking up information from external sources (e.g. pay slips, bank account)
Smartphones are becoming the most important device for accessing the internet; for some groups the smartphone could be their only means of personal internet access – and this varies by country (e.g. smartphone access to the internet is particularly prevalent in developing countries)
Alternative mode for offliners and those who are online but haven’t made the effort to take the letter and go online
Across all traditional modes there is ample evidence that upfront incentives to all are better than incentives that are only given to those who take part – however, we are seeing mixed results for push-to-web surveys – Dillman, Spanish study, UK experience
Type & look of the mailings – evidence is mixed. For example, sometimes logos work and sometimes they don’t (possibly related to named samples versus address samples. Colour and size of envelopes may vary by country depending on country-specific conventions with regard to official mail and spam. Advance letters work for postal surveys but cost-effectiveness is less obvious for push-to-web surveys. A postcard thankyou/reminder works in postal surveys but generally not recommended to print usernames and passwords on postcards unless these can be folded. Our own experimental work using alternative mailing types such as pressure-sealed letters is not very promising.
Visual design of the content – how can we use visual design to encourage the recipient to read the letter and how can we ensure that the recipient reads the key messages even when they are only skim reading? At the same time, the visual design should not give the impression that the letter is marketing, sales, etc.
Although we know that multiple and varied contacts have a positive impact on response, we know less about how to design a strategy of using multiple carefully designed and timed contacts that reflect the characteristics of the survey and population, as well as tapping into different motivations for taking part in the survey.
Respondent selection instructions can be complicated and off-putting. It is easier to instruct any adult to go online but this will introduce selection bias. Evidence from the ESS and the UK community life survey show that (quasi) random selection such as last/next birthday and kish methods are ignored with about 25% of respondents not being the intended respondent. Asking all household members to complete the questionnaire when combined with incentives can result in respondent falsification. Asking “up to two adults” to complete the questionnaire exploits the fact that only a small proportion of households have more than two adults (at least in the UK) and reduces the risk of respondent falsification, but the instructions are non-intuitive and complicated which may put people off. We know of two studies (UK LFS & EU FRA) that are experimenting with asking any adult to go online and then asking this adult to provide information about household members so that a random selection can take place. The effectiveness of this approach needs to be demonstrated.
For both postal and telephone contact methods, no/limited experimental evidence on the best way of providing login instructions that are secure; e.g. username & password, or just a single password, length of username/password, the use of QR codes and SMS short codes, the number of steps needed to get to the first question.
Not sure about the last bullet point – probably mixed??? We know that short and simple questionnaires that use limited graphics etc are best. But there is ongoing research into the conversion of offline question formats into device-agnostic formats; e.g. traditional grids being changed into either collapsible grids or carousel grids. Perhaps this is more about the conversion of offline questionnaires into device-agnostic web questionnaires while maintaining measurement equivalence over time and across surveys???