Pediatric surgery deals with the surgical treatment of children from birth to 16 years old. It requires knowledge from both surgery and pediatrics to comprehensively treat congenital and acquired conditions typical of this developmental stage. Pediatric surgeons undergo at least 4 years of medical school, 5 years of general surgery training, and 2 years as a pediatric surgery resident, and are board certified in surgery. They diagnose, treat, and manage a variety of surgical needs in children such as repairing birth defects, treating serious injuries, diagnosing and removing tumors, performing transplant operations, and conducting endoscopy procedures.