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ERTOS_Spectrum_Unit01_PresentationP.pptx
- 1. ERTOS Spectrum -Unit 1 Overview of Embedded and Real- Time Operating Systems
- 2. Introduction to EmbeddedSystems • • An Embedded System is a combination of hardware and software designed for a specific function. • • Examples include automotive control systems, medical devices, and consumer electronics. • • Typically constrained in power, performance, and memory resources.
- 3. Characteristics of Embedded Systems •• Dedicated function execution • • Real-time performance constraints • • Power and cost efficiency • • Reliability and robustness • • Small footprint and memory constraints
- 4. Real-Time Systems Overview •• A real-time system processes data and responds within a specific time constraint. • • Used in critical applications such as industrial automation, avionics, and robotics. • • Types of real-time systems: • - Hard Real-Time Systems • - Soft Real-Time Systems • - Firm Real-Time Systems
- 5. Components of anEmbedded System • • Processor: Microcontroller or microprocessor • • Memory: RAM, ROM, Flash • • Peripherals: Sensors, actuators, I/O devices • • Software: Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), firmware, device drivers
- 6. Introduction to RTOS(Real-Time Operating System) • • RTOS is an OS designed to meet real-time constraints. • • Ensures deterministic response times. • • Supports multitasking with task scheduling. • • Examples: FreeRTOS, VxWorks, QNX, RTEMS.
- 7. RTOS Scheduling Mechanisms •• Preemptive Scheduling: Task with highest priority runs first. • • Cooperative Scheduling: Tasks voluntarily yield CPU control. • • Time-Sliced Scheduling: CPU time is shared equally among tasks.
- 8. Inter-Process Communication (IPC) inRTOS • • Message Queues: Tasks exchange messages via a queue. • • Semaphores: Used for synchronization and mutual exclusion. • • Shared Memory: Tasks access a common memory space. • • Pipes: Communication channel between tasks.
- 9. Memory Management inRTOS • • Static Memory Allocation: Memory is assigned at compile time. • • Dynamic Memory Allocation: Memory is assigned at runtime. • • RTOS uses efficient memory management techniques to minimize fragmentation.
- 10. Interrupt Handling inEmbedded Systems • • Interrupts allow devices to signal the processor asynchronously. • • Types of interrupts: • - Hardware Interrupts (e.g., timer, I/O devices) • - Software Interrupts (e.g., system calls, exceptions) • • RTOS provides mechanisms for handling and prioritizing interrupts.
- 11. Conclusion and Applications •• Embedded systems are essential in various industries. • • RTOS ensures reliable and real-time performance. • • Applications include automotive, industrial automation, medical devices, consumer electronics, and aerospace. • • Understanding RTOS and embedded systems is crucial for designing efficient real-time applications.